scholarly journals Evaluation of Ultrasonic Velocity Theories on Binary Liquid Mixtures of Propiophenone with Isomeric Xylenes at Temperatures (T = 303.15 to 318.15 K)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 3087-3092
Author(s):  
Nanduri Gayatri Devi ◽  
N.V.N.B. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
D. Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Relative Percentage Error ◽  
Molecular Interaction Parameter

Densities (ρ), ultrasonic speeds of sound (u) of binary mixtures containing propiophenone with o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene were measured over the entire composition range at temperatures from 303.15-318.15 K and at atmospheric pressure 0.1 MPa. Experimental data of ultrasonic velocity was used to compute the theoretical velocities by using the various theories like Nomoto’s relation (UNOM), impedance relation (UIMP), Van Dael and Vangeel’s relation (UVDV), Rao’s specific velocity relation (URAO), Jouyban-Acree’s (UJOE) and Junjie’s theory (UJUN). The results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The relative percentage error, chi square test for goodness of fit and the molecular interaction parameter (α) values for non-ideality in the binary mixtures were computed and analyzed in terms of intermolecular interactions between the molecules of the binary mixtures.

scholarly journals Theoretical Prediction of Ultrasonic Velocity in Organic Liquid Mixtures

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (s1) ◽  
pp. S235-S238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Uvarani ◽  
S. Punitha
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Average Percentage Error

Theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity in the binary mixtures of cyclohexanone with 2-propanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol have been evaluated at 303 K using Nomoto’s relation, collision factor theory, free length theory, ideal mixture relation, Junjie’s method. Theoretical values are compared with the experimental values and the validity of the theories are checked by applying the chi-square test for goodness of fit and by calculating the average percentage error (APE).

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Ultrasonic Velocity in Binary Liquid Mixtures of Ethyl benzoate

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2309-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Babu ◽  
S. V. Kumara Sastry ◽  
Ha Sie Tiong ◽  
S. Sreehari Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Ethyl Benzoate ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Average Percentage Error

Ultrasonic velocity is measured at 2MHz frequency in the binary mixtures of Ethyl Benzoate with 1-Propanol, 1-Butanol, 1-Pentanol and theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity have been evaluated at 303K using Nomoto's relation, Impedance relation, Ideal mixture relation, Junjie's method and free length theory. Theoretical values are compared with the experimental values and the validity of the theories is checked by applying the chi-square test for goodness of fit and by calculating the average percentage error (APE). A good agreement has been found between experimental and Nomoto’s ultrasonic velocity.

scholarly journals Theoretical Prediction of Ultrasonic Velocity in Binary Liquid Mixtures

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S330-S334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik. Babu
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Average Percentage Error

Theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity in the binary mixtures of chlorobenzene with benzene have been evaluated at different temperatures from 303.15 K-323.15 K using Nomoto's relation, ideal mixture relation, Junjie's method, collision factor theory and free length theory. Theoretical values were compared with the experimental values and the validity of the theories was checked by applying the chi-square test for goodness of fit and by calculating the average percentage error (APE).

Prediction of Haemoglobin Level by Some Probability Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Dhungana ◽  
Laxmi Prasad Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Best Fit

 Hemoglobin level is a continuous variable. So, it follows some theoretical probability distribution Normal, Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution having two parameters. There is low variation in observed and expected frequency of Normal distribution in bar diagram. Similarly, calculated value of chi-square test (goodness of fit) is observed which is lower in Normal distribution. Furthermore, plot of PDFof Normal distribution covers larger area of histogram than all of other distribution. Hence Normal distribution is the best fit to predict the hemoglobin level in future.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphisms of fecundity genes in Watish Sudanese desert sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-621
Author(s):  
Sara E. Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
Romaz M. Ahmed ◽  
Khaleel I. Z. Jawasreh ◽  
M. A. M. Salih ◽  
Dalia Mursi Abdelhalim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Association Testing ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Protein Receptor ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and Aim: The Watish sheep is a strain of desert sheep of smaller size compared to other desert sheep ecotypes, and there is anecdotal evidence that it is endowed with high litter size. The present study was designed for screening for polymorphisms in the known fecundity genes (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B A<G in exon 6, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) (FecXB, FecXG, FecXH, and FecXI) in exon2, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) – G1 in exon1 and G8 in exon2 and PRLG<A in intron2) and their association with litter size in Watish. Materials and Methods: The study involved 156 Watish ewes of 2-6 years of age, along with data on litter size in the first, second, and third parity from Sinnar state and contiguous Blue Nile State. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated by direct counting. Chi-square test for goodness of fit was performed for agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations and association testing. Results: The results demonstrated that all individuals were non-carriers for the target mutations of FecB, BMP15 (FecXB, FecXH, and FecXI), and GDF9-G8. With regard to the GDF9-G1 gene, the genotypic frequencies were 0.07% (G+) and 0.93% (++), in FecXG gene they were 0.993% (++) and 0.006% (B+), in PRL gene 0.516(++), 0.347(B+), and 0.137(BB). The Chi-square test showed a non-significant association between ewe's type of birth and the detected mutations genotypes. Conclusion: These results preliminarily indicated that GDF9-G1, BMP15 (FecXG), and PRL genes might have had some contribution for improving litter size in Watish Sudanese sheep. However, further studies using larger samples are needed to detect the effects of those mutations on Watish sheep litter size.

scholarly journals Digitization of Educational Technology Centres for Teaching Electrical and Electronics Technology in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Dauda Moses ◽  
Nasiru Bello Mohammed ◽  
Amos Danlami Agbu ◽  
Lumo Adams Gainaka
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Colleges Of Education ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public School Students ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the level of digitization of Educational Technology Centres for teaching electrical and electronics technology in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria in order to provide information that will help solve problems of incompetence of public school students in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The study, guided by two research questions and two hypotheses was conducted in six Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria using descriptive survey research design. The sample of the study was 50 comprising of 15 non-teaching Educational Technology Centres staff and 35 Electrical and Electronics Technology lecturers from five colleges of education in North Eastern Nigeria. Checklist containing 103 expected digital facilities based on National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) minimum standard for Educational Technology Facilities in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria was used as instrument for data collection. Respondents were required to fill in observed facilities in the required column. Arithmetic percentage and Chi–square test of goodness-of-fit and were used determine the extent of digitization of the Educational Technology Centres in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria. Findings of the study revealed among others that analog technologies has higher number of frequency counts compared to digital technologies, hence there was low digitization of hardware facilities in Educational Technology Centres in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that Educational Technology Centres in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria were not digitized for instructional purposes; therefore, Government should digitize Educational Technology Centres in Colleges of Education in North Eastern Nigeria by adequately providing both digital hard and soft ware facilities.

Excess molar volumes and viscosities of binary mixtures of some polyethers with propylamine at 298.15 K

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalendu Pal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Excess Volume ◽  
Excess Molar Volumes ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Volume Viscosity

Excess molar volumes (VmE) and dynamic viscosities (η) have been measured as a function of composition for binary liquid mixtures of propylamine with 2,5-dioxahexane, 2,5,8-trioxanonane, 2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane, 3,6,9-trioxaundecane, and 5,8,11-trioxapentadecane at 298.15 K. The excess volumes are positive over the entire range of composition for the systems propylamine + 2,5-dioxahexane, and + 3,6,9-trioxaundecane, negative for the systems propylamine + 2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecane, and + 5,8,11-trioxapentadecane, and change sign from positive to negative for the remaining system propylamine + 2,5,8-trioxanonane. From the experimental data, deviations in the viscosity (Δln η) and excess energies of activation for viscous flow (ΔG*E) have been derived. These values are positive for all mixtures with the exception of propylamine + 2,5-dioxahexane.Key words : excess volume, viscosity, binary mixtures.

scholarly journals Drying kinetics of crushed mass of ‘jambu’: Effective diffusivity and activation energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francileni P. Gomes ◽  
Resende Osvaldo ◽  
Elisabete P. Sousa ◽  
Daneil E. C. de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco R. de Araújo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Effective Diffusion ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to analyze the drying kinetics, test the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Schwarz’s Bayesian information criterion (BIC) in the selection of models, determine the effective diffusivity and activation energy of the crushed mass of ‘jambu’ leaves for different conditions of temperature and layer thicknesses. The experiment was carried out at the Food Laboratory of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) in Macapá-AP. Drying was carried out in air circulation oven with speed of 1.0 m s-1 at various temperatures (60, 70 and 80 ºC) and layer thicknesses (0.005 and 0.010 m). The experimental data were fitted to 11 mathematical models. Coefficient of determination (R2), mean relative error (P), mean estimated error (SE), Chi-square test (χ2), AIC and BIC were the selection criteria for the models. For the effective diffusivity, the Fick’s diffusion model was used considering the flat plate geometry. It was found that Midilli and Logarithmic models showed the best fit to the experimental data of drying kinetics. Effective diffusion coefficient increases with increment in the thickness of the material and with the temperature elevation. Activation energy of the material was of 16.61 kJ mol-1 for the thickness of 0.005 m, and 16.97 kJ mol-1 for the thickness of 0.010 m. AIC and BIC can be additionally included to select models of drying.

scholarly journals PEMILIHAN DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITAS PADA ANALISA HUJAN DENGAN METODE GOODNESS OF FIT TEST

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Togani Cahyadi Upomo ◽  
Rini Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution ◽  
Pearson Iii Distribution

Rainfall event is a stochastic process, so to explain and analyze this processes the probability theory and frequency analysisare used. There are four types of probability distributions.They are normal, log normal, log Pearson III and Gumbel. To find the best probabilities distribution, it will used goodness of fit test. The tests consist of chi-square and smirnov-kolmogorov. Results of the chi-square test for normal distribution, log normal and log Pearson III was 0.200, while for the Gumbel distribution was 2.333. Results of Smirnov Kolmogorov test for normal distribution D = 0.1554, log-normal distribution D = 0.1103, log Pearson III distribution D = 0.1177 and Gumbel distribution D = 0.095. All of the distribution can be accepted with a confidence level of 95%, but the best distribution is log normal distribution.Kejadian hujan merupakan proses stokastik, sehingga untuk keperluan analisa dan menjelaskan proses stokastik tersebut digunakan teori probabilitas dan analisa frekuensi. Terdapat empat jenis distribusi probabilitas yaitu distribusi normal, log normal, log pearson III dan gumbel. Untuk mencari distribusi probabilitas terbaik maka akan digunakan pengujian metode goodness of fit test. Pengujian tersebut meliputi uji chi-kuadrat dan uji smirnov kolmogorov. Hasil pengujian chi kuadrat untuk distribusi normal, log normal dan log pearson III adalah 0.200, sedangkan untuk distribusi gumbel 2.333. Hasil pengujian smirnov kolmogorov untuk distribusi normal dengan nilai D = 0.1554, distribusi log normal dengan nilai D = 0.1103, distribusi log pearson III dengan nilai D = 0.1177 dan distribusi gumbel dengan nilai D = 0.095. Seluruh distribusi dapat diterima dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%, tetapi distribusi terbaik adalah distribusi log normal.

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