scholarly journals Low-dose sublingual immunotherapy compared to subcutaneous immunotherapy and conventional therapy in childhood asthma

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Ariyanto Harsono
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treat Ment ◽  
Group A

Background Evidence begin to accumulate that high-dose sub-lingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is as effective as subcutaneousimmunotherapy (SIT) in the treatment of childhood asthma.Since the capacity of sublingual area is similar whether the doseis high or low, the efficacy of low dose may be important to bestudied.Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose sublingual im-munotherapy in the treatment of childhood asthma.Methods Parents signed informed consent prior to enrollment,after having received information about the study. Patients weremoderate asthma aged 6-14 years with disease onset of lessthan 2 years before the commencement of the study and peakexpiratory flow rate (PEFR) variability of more than 15%. Pa-tients were randomly allocated into group A, B, and C whoreceived subcutaneous immunotherapy, low-dose sublingualimmunotherapy, and conventional asthma therapy, respectively.Randomization was stratified into two strata according to agei.e., 6-11 years or 11-14 years. Patients of each stratum wererandomized in block of three for each group. At the end of threemonths, lung function tests were repeated. The primary outcomewas PEFR variability at the end of the study. The study wasapproved by the Ethics Committee of Soetomo HospitalSurabaya.Results Distribution of variants as represented by sex, age,eosinophil count, and total IgE concentration were normal inthe three groups. PEFR variability decreased significantly from16.97+0.81 to 8.50+5.08 and 17.0+0.87 to 8.40+4.72 in groupreceiving SIT and SLIT, respectively (p<0.05), but decreasednot significantly from 17.00+0.83 to 10.82+0.5.41 in control group(p>0.05).Conclusion Low-dose SLIT is as efficacious as SIT in the treat-ment of moderate asthma in children

Influence of doxorubicin on lipid peroxidation and heart histology in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (31) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Джиоев ◽  
Inal Dzhioev ◽  
Джанаев ◽  
Robert Dzhanaev
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Anthracycline Antibiotic ◽  
Cross Striation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Experimental Group

Anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin, which has proven cardiovascular toxicity, is often used in the treatment of cancer. The research project was carried out in 21 sexually mature Wistar male rats divided into three groups: control group, high-dose experimental group, in which rats were once injected intraperitoneally with doxorubicin hydrochloride at a dose of 10 mg/kg and low-dose experimental group, in which animals twice received intraperitoneal 2.5 mg/kg doses of doxorubicinhydrochloride at 10-day interval.An increase of malondialdehyde was revealed in the membranes of red blood cells in the high-dose experimental group, while in the low-dose experimental group a reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde and plasma hydroperoxides as well as a decreasing of catalase activity was observed. Intake of doxorubicin also causes venous hyperemia in wide areas of myocardiumalong with increasing of cardiomyocytic cross striation.

scholarly journals Effect of intrasite vancomycin powder on development of epidural fibrosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Clippinger ◽  
Mark Ayzenberg ◽  
Michael Narvaez ◽  
Dillon Arango ◽  
Corrado Minimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Epidural Fibrosis ◽  
Vancomycin Powder ◽  
Group A ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Vancomycin Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Closure Group

Placement of vancomycin powder into the surgical wound prior to closure has been shown to reduce postoperative infections in spine surgery. This study examines the effect of vancomycin powder on formation of epidural fibrosis (EF). Twenty-two rats underwent a two-level lumbar laminectomy. A control group, a low-dose and a high dose vancomycin powder (applied prior to closure) group was formed. Rats were sacrificed at 30 days and a blinded fellowshiptrained pathologist evaluated the laminectomy segments for EF. 50% of the samples in the high-dose vancomycin group were EF grade 3, compared to 20% of the low-dose and 16.7% of control samples. The average fibrosis grade for the high dose, low dose and control groups were 2.4, 1.4 and 1.8, respectively. There were more grade 3 EF specimens in the high dose vancomycin group. While the average EF grade was also higher in this group, there was not a statistical difference compared with the other groups.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Serum Cystatin C, Serum Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine in Early Detection of Kidney Injuries in Albino Rats Exposed to Formaldehyde

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Michael Chinedu Olisah ◽  
◽  
Samuel C. Meludu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim: To ascertain early detection of possible kidney injuries in albino rats exposed to formaldehyde by assessing cystatin C, serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Materials/Methods: Thirty healthy adult male albino rats, weighing between 100 to 120 grams were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C. Group A served as control. Group B was exposed to low dose (100ppm of Formaldehyde), 3 hrs per day for four weeks, while group C was exposed to high Dose-200ppm of formaldehyde 3 hrs per day for four weeks. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed by decapitation under chloroform anesthesia, and 4 ml of blood samples was collected from each rat into a plain bottle. The whole blood was allowed to clot, retracted and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and serum separated. The serum was stored at -20˚C until analyses for serum electrolytes, creatinine and cystatin C. Serum electrolytes were determined using Ion selective electrode, urea and creatinine were determined using spectrophotometric methods while cystatin C was analyzed using Eliza. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The concentrations of the serum electrolytes, sodium. Potassium, bicarbonate and chloride were compared across the three group, they were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Urea was significantly higher in group C when compared with low dose B and control group A (P<0.05). Also, when the low dose group B was compared with the high dose group C, it was statistically significant. Creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in group C when compared with the control group A, while group B was not significant when compared with group A. Finally, the cystatin C concentrations were also significant when groups B, C were compared with the control group. Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposures may induce a gradual deterioration of renal functions in chronically exposed albino rats. Serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine may not be sufficient to indicate an early signs of kidney damage. From the study, serum cystatin C may be a better marker of renal impairment in early stages.

scholarly journals Use of an Experimental Model To Test the Efficacy of Planned Exposure to Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1572-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Opriessnig ◽  
Rodney B. Baker ◽  
Patrick G. Halbur
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Group A ◽  
Prrsv Strain ◽  
Autogenous Vaccine

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to test the efficacy and safety of planned exposure to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in protecting naïve and previously exposed pigs against PRRSV challenge and to gain information on the dose of PRRSV necessary to induce a protective immune response. Fifty 2-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to one of five groups: a group exposed to a low dose of autogenous PRRSV vaccine (the L-VAC group), a group exposed to a high dose of autogenous vaccine (the H-VAC group), a group exposed to a low dose of a heterologous PRRSV strain (strain SDSU73) prior to planned exposure (the SDSU73-L-VAC group), a group exposed to a high dose of a heterologous PRRSV strain (strain SDSU73) prior to planned exposure (the SDSU73-H-VAC group), and a control group. All groups were challenged with PRRSV VR2385 5 weeks after the planned exposure. Necropsy was done 2 weeks after the PRRSV challenge. The H-VAC, SDSU73-L-VAC, and SDSU73-H-VAC groups had significantly (P < 0.05) less severe clinical disease (sneezing, respiratory scores, and weight gain), significantly (P < 0.05) less severe macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions, and significantly (P < 0.05) lower numbers of PRRSV genomic copy numbers in their sera compared to the results for the control group. Planned exposure to live PRRSV can be used as an inexpensive and effective way to decrease the severity of PRRSV-induced disease following subsequent challenge.

scholarly journals Nigella sativa can Cure Hepatotoxicity Caused by Pyrazinamide Administration; A Lead from Animal Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Zunera Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Hepatoxicity is a well known adverse effect of pyrazinamide a commonly used anti tuberculous drug, with no certified remedy. Phytochemicals could be a possible avenue for hepatoprotection. Aims & Objectives: To study the hepatoprotective effect of Nigella sativa in low and high doses on PZA induced liver injury in mice. P lace and duration of study: The study was conducted from April 2017 to June 2017 at Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics & multidisciplinary research lab, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi. Material & Methods: Sixty white albino mice (male) were divided into four groups randomly. Group A served as control group. Oral Pyrazinamide 500mg/kg/5ml glucose saline suspension was administered for 6 weeks to Group B (hepatotoxic group) alone and to Groups C and D in combination with Nigella sativa in a low dose of 500mg/kg and high dose of 1000mg/kg respectively. The extent of hepatotoxicity was determined by measurement of serum ALT, ALP and GGT. Results: PZA alone resulted in markedly elevated ALT, ALP and GGT (82.8, 319.1 and 37 U/L respectively) as compared to control group i.e (ALT=27.4U/L, ALP=96.4U/L, GGT=9.3U/L). In groups C and D a non-significant increase of biochemical markers i.e, (ALT=38.4±7.89U/L, ALP 185±39.74, GGT24.1±5.89 U/L) and (ALT=36.7U/L, ALP=93.5U/L, GGT=15.8U/L) respectively. Conclusion: Nigella sativa has hepatoprotective effects against PZA induced liver injury in both low and high doses.

Histomorphometric Alterations in Hepatic Tissue from Malathion-Induced Toxicity: An Experimental Animal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
Shazia Parveen Channar ◽  
Nasreen Qazi ◽  
Sajjad Ali Almani ◽  
Sehar Gul Memon ◽  
Mansoor Mukhtar Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Malathion, a widely used insecticide readily absorbed through skin and seriously affects different tissues and organs of the body. The main objective of this study was to compare the histomorphometric alterations resulting from hazardous effects of different doses of Malathion on hepatic tissue of male albino Wistar rats. Material and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Postgraduate Research Laboratory at the Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan from February to July 2019. Thirty male albino Wistar rats between 250-300 grams weight were distributed equally into group A (control), group B (low-dose Malathion group; 27mg/kg 1/50 of LD50), and group C (high-dose Malathion group; 50mg/kg). Bodyweight of all rats was taken twice, before and after the experiment. The liver was dissected out, washed and weighed. Histopathological examination was done under the light microscope. Grading was done for severity in histopathological changes in each group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test for comparison with the level of significance set at P-value ≤ .05. Results: Statistically significant (P < .05) decline in body weight was observed in groups B and C in comparison with group A. The relative weight of the liver was increased significantly (P < .05) in the experimental groups, when compared with the control group. Mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose Malathion group (Group B) while moderate-to-severe histopathological changes were demonstrated in the high-dose group (Group C). Conclusions: Malathion is a potent toxic pesticide and its exposure can exhibit damage to the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Effect of monosodium glutamate on liver of adult albino rats: a light microscopic study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Prenika Shangloo ◽  
Midhat Syed ◽  
Sangeeta Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) or Aji-no-moto is the common flavouring agent which is inadvertently used in all the packed and ready to use food items. Its use has grabbed the attention with reporting of Chinese restaurant syndrome and many more side effects. This flavouring agent effects almost all the organs of the human body but the statistics regarding its ill effects are very limited, thus no objections are being raised for its use in eatables. In current study we planned to analyse the pathological effects of MSG on the liver of adult albino rats.Methods: The study was conducted on 18 inbred adult albino rats of either sex. The rats of control group (A) received only standard diet with distilled water, low dose test group (B) rats received 0.5 mg/kg of MSG dissolved in distilled water and high dose test group (C) rats received 1.5 mg/kg of MSG dissolved in distilled water per orally for 28 days. After the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed to dissect out the liver tissue which was later subjected to histological processing and tissue sectioning.Results: The liver tissue sections of the control group (A) revealed normal hepatic architecture with central veins located in the centre of the hepatic lobule and portal areas containing portal triad formed by portal venule, hepatic arteriole and bile ductile. On the other hand, the liver sections of low dose group (B) exhibited pathological changes in the form of dilated and congested central vein with sinusoidal dilatation. In high dose group (C), more marked pathological changes seen in group B along with dilatation of the portal vein was also seen.Conclusions: MSG is most widely used food additive whose safe limits for use need to be scrutinized. The current study was planned to access the minimal low dose limit of MSG for use. The observations of the afore mentioned study revealed that even small dose of MSG of 0.5 mg/kg is capable of producing pathological effects in liver which is the main site of metabolism of xenobiotics

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

scholarly journals Newly Developed Recombinant Antithrombin Protects the Endothelial Glycocalyx in an Endotoxin-Induced Rat Model of Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Iba ◽  
Jerrold H. Levy ◽  
Koichiro Aihara ◽  
Katsuhiko Kadota ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Circulating Levels

(1) Background: The endothelial glycocalyx is a primary target during the early phase of sepsis. We previously reported a newly developed recombinant non-fucosylated antithrombin has protective effects in vitro. We further evaluated the effects of this recombinant antithrombin on the glycocalyx damage in an animal model of sepsis. (2) Methods: Following endotoxin injection, in Wistar rats, circulating levels of hyaluronan, syndecan-1 and other biomarkers were evaluated in low-dose or high-dose recombinant antithrombin-treated animals and a control group (n = 7 per group). Leukocyte adhesion and blood flow were evaluated with intravital microscopy. The glycocalyx was also examined using side-stream dark-field imaging. (3) Results: The activation of coagulation was inhibited by recombinant antithrombin, leukocyte adhesion was significantly decreased, and flow was better maintained in the high-dose group (both p < 0.05). Circulating levels of syndecan-1 (p < 0.01, high-dose group) and hyaluronan (p < 0.05, low-dose group; p < 0.01, high-dose group) were significantly reduced by recombinant antithrombin treatment. Increases in lactate and decreases in albumin levels were significantly attenuated in the high-dose group (p < 0.05, respectively). The glycocalyx thickness was reduced over time in control animals, but the derangement was attenuated and microvascular perfusion was better maintained in the high-dose group recombinant antithrombin group (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Recombinant antithrombin maintained vascular integrity and the microcirculation by preserving the glycocalyx in this sepsis model, effects that were more prominent with high-dose therapy.

scholarly journals Immunoregulatory function of Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 620-629
Author(s):  
Chenqiang Lin ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Longjun Chen ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Jichen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Transformation ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Group A ◽  
Immunocompromised Mice ◽  
Immune Imbalance

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Dictyophora echinovolvata spore polysaccharides (DESP) affect the immunity in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). The healthy female Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups, including a normal control (NC) group, a positive control group, a model control (MC) group, and three groups treated with low-, intermediate-, and high-dose polysaccharide, respectively. A series of immunoregulatory properties were determined, including humoral and cellular immunity, immune function, and immune factors of mononuclear macrophages. Compared with NC and MC groups, treatment with DESP significantly increased the spleen index and decreased the thymus index; increased the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, hemolysin, IL-1β, and IL-2; delayed the allergic reaction; and improved the splenic lymphocyte transformation ability; and enhanced the phagocytosis of macrophages and the ability to secrete IL-6, TNF-α, caspase-1, and NO with DESP supplementation. These results indicated that DESP might have a good regulatory effect on CTX-induced immunodeficiency in mice, adjust the body’s immune imbalance, and improve the symptoms of low immunity.

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