scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Serum Cystatin C, Serum Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine in Early Detection of Kidney Injuries in Albino Rats Exposed to Formaldehyde

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Michael Chinedu Olisah ◽  
◽  
Samuel C. Meludu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim: To ascertain early detection of possible kidney injuries in albino rats exposed to formaldehyde by assessing cystatin C, serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Materials/Methods: Thirty healthy adult male albino rats, weighing between 100 to 120 grams were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C. Group A served as control. Group B was exposed to low dose (100ppm of Formaldehyde), 3 hrs per day for four weeks, while group C was exposed to high Dose-200ppm of formaldehyde 3 hrs per day for four weeks. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed by decapitation under chloroform anesthesia, and 4 ml of blood samples was collected from each rat into a plain bottle. The whole blood was allowed to clot, retracted and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and serum separated. The serum was stored at -20˚C until analyses for serum electrolytes, creatinine and cystatin C. Serum electrolytes were determined using Ion selective electrode, urea and creatinine were determined using spectrophotometric methods while cystatin C was analyzed using Eliza. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The concentrations of the serum electrolytes, sodium. Potassium, bicarbonate and chloride were compared across the three group, they were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Urea was significantly higher in group C when compared with low dose B and control group A (P<0.05). Also, when the low dose group B was compared with the high dose group C, it was statistically significant. Creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in group C when compared with the control group A, while group B was not significant when compared with group A. Finally, the cystatin C concentrations were also significant when groups B, C were compared with the control group. Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposures may induce a gradual deterioration of renal functions in chronically exposed albino rats. Serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine may not be sufficient to indicate an early signs of kidney damage. From the study, serum cystatin C may be a better marker of renal impairment in early stages.

scholarly journals Effect of monosodium glutamate on liver of adult albino rats: a light microscopic study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Prenika Shangloo ◽  
Midhat Syed ◽  
Sangeeta Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) or Aji-no-moto is the common flavouring agent which is inadvertently used in all the packed and ready to use food items. Its use has grabbed the attention with reporting of Chinese restaurant syndrome and many more side effects. This flavouring agent effects almost all the organs of the human body but the statistics regarding its ill effects are very limited, thus no objections are being raised for its use in eatables. In current study we planned to analyse the pathological effects of MSG on the liver of adult albino rats.Methods: The study was conducted on 18 inbred adult albino rats of either sex. The rats of control group (A) received only standard diet with distilled water, low dose test group (B) rats received 0.5 mg/kg of MSG dissolved in distilled water and high dose test group (C) rats received 1.5 mg/kg of MSG dissolved in distilled water per orally for 28 days. After the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed to dissect out the liver tissue which was later subjected to histological processing and tissue sectioning.Results: The liver tissue sections of the control group (A) revealed normal hepatic architecture with central veins located in the centre of the hepatic lobule and portal areas containing portal triad formed by portal venule, hepatic arteriole and bile ductile. On the other hand, the liver sections of low dose group (B) exhibited pathological changes in the form of dilated and congested central vein with sinusoidal dilatation. In high dose group (C), more marked pathological changes seen in group B along with dilatation of the portal vein was also seen.Conclusions: MSG is most widely used food additive whose safe limits for use need to be scrutinized. The current study was planned to access the minimal low dose limit of MSG for use. The observations of the afore mentioned study revealed that even small dose of MSG of 0.5 mg/kg is capable of producing pathological effects in liver which is the main site of metabolism of xenobiotics

Factors contributing to discrepant estimated glomerular filtration values measured by creatinine and cystatin C in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Kawano ◽  
Akikatsu Nakashima ◽  
Shigeto Horita ◽  
Takahiro Matsunaga ◽  
Ryo Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background This study aimed to clarify the factors underlying the discrepancy that has been noted between estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) measured using serum creatinine (Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (CysC) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify those patients whose renal function should be evaluated using CysC.Methods We retrospectively evaluated clinical features, disease activity, radiological grading, and co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia) in 238 RA patients. eGFR using serum creatinine (eGFR-Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (eGFR-CysC) were calculated using the new Japanese coefficient-modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. To clarify the cause(s) of differences of 20% or more between the two eGFRs, we divided our RA patients into Group A (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC ≥ 1.2), with eGFR-Cr more than 20% higher than eGFR-CysC, and Group B (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC < 1.2), and compared various clinical parameters between them.Results Forty-five patients (18.9%) were assigned to Group A, and 193 (81.1%) to Group B. Group A were older (73.8 ± 12.5 vs 63.2 ± 13.6 years), and had a longer disease duration (17.7 ± 14.0 vs 10.4 ± 9.5 years), lower body mass index (BMI) (20.0 ± 2.9 vs 22.4 ± 3.6 kg/m2), higher frequencies of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (55.6% vs 30.1% and 35.6% vs 11.0%, respectively), higher DAS28-ESR (3.1 ± 1.3 vs 2.6 ± 1.0), lower hemoglobin (Hb) (11.8 ± 1.8 vs 12.8 ± 1.4 g/dl), lower creatine kinase (CK) (63.9 ± 36.0 vs 92 ± 79 IU/L), higher frequency of Steinbrocker stage 4 (46.7% vs. 15.3%), and a lower frequency of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use (13.3% vs 30.6%), all significantly (p < 0.01) by a univariate analysis. BMI (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.820, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.675–0.996), Hb (OR 0.633, 95% CI 0.433–0.926), CK (OR 0.773 per 10 units, 95% CI 0.644–0.933), NSAID use (OR 0.099, 95% CI 0.020–0.494), diabetes mellitus (OR 6.024, 95% CI 1.508–24.390) and stage 4 Steinbrocker radiological grade (OR 10.309, 95% CI 2.994–35.714) were identified as independent relevant factors for Group A by a multifactorial analysis.Conclusion Renal function in RA patients with low BMI, diabetes, anemia and low CK may be overestimated using eGFR-Cr alone, and such patients need to be evaluated using eGFR-CysC.

scholarly journals Cystatin C in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with albuminuria

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Kunal Gupta ◽  
S.B. Nayyar ◽  
Jasmine Sachdeva ◽  
Prateek Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycaemia. The metabolic dysregulations associated with DM causes secondary pathophysiological changes in multiple organ systems which result in various complications, responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.Methods: The present study was undertaken in the Department of Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry, of SGRDIMSR, Vallah, Sri Amritsar, Punjab, India. The present hospital based study was undertaken with a total number of 100 patients.Results: The mean Cystatin C values in Group A were 1.73 and mean Cystatin C values in group B were 2.07. The results show that the Cystatin C values were raised even in the patients in whom clinical albuminuria had not yet started.Conclusions: serum Cystatin C may be considered as an early marker, than microalbuminuria and serum creatinine, the commonly used marker for nephropathy, for declining renal function, in diabetic subjects. Further studies in larger population are needed to confirm this result.

scholarly journals Nigella sativa can Cure Hepatotoxicity Caused by Pyrazinamide Administration; A Lead from Animal Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Zunera Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Hepatoxicity is a well known adverse effect of pyrazinamide a commonly used anti tuberculous drug, with no certified remedy. Phytochemicals could be a possible avenue for hepatoprotection. Aims & Objectives: To study the hepatoprotective effect of Nigella sativa in low and high doses on PZA induced liver injury in mice. P lace and duration of study: The study was conducted from April 2017 to June 2017 at Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics & multidisciplinary research lab, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi. Material & Methods: Sixty white albino mice (male) were divided into four groups randomly. Group A served as control group. Oral Pyrazinamide 500mg/kg/5ml glucose saline suspension was administered for 6 weeks to Group B (hepatotoxic group) alone and to Groups C and D in combination with Nigella sativa in a low dose of 500mg/kg and high dose of 1000mg/kg respectively. The extent of hepatotoxicity was determined by measurement of serum ALT, ALP and GGT. Results: PZA alone resulted in markedly elevated ALT, ALP and GGT (82.8, 319.1 and 37 U/L respectively) as compared to control group i.e (ALT=27.4U/L, ALP=96.4U/L, GGT=9.3U/L). In groups C and D a non-significant increase of biochemical markers i.e, (ALT=38.4±7.89U/L, ALP 185±39.74, GGT24.1±5.89 U/L) and (ALT=36.7U/L, ALP=93.5U/L, GGT=15.8U/L) respectively. Conclusion: Nigella sativa has hepatoprotective effects against PZA induced liver injury in both low and high doses.

Histomorphometric Alterations in Hepatic Tissue from Malathion-Induced Toxicity: An Experimental Animal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
Shazia Parveen Channar ◽  
Nasreen Qazi ◽  
Sajjad Ali Almani ◽  
Sehar Gul Memon ◽  
Mansoor Mukhtar Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Malathion, a widely used insecticide readily absorbed through skin and seriously affects different tissues and organs of the body. The main objective of this study was to compare the histomorphometric alterations resulting from hazardous effects of different doses of Malathion on hepatic tissue of male albino Wistar rats. Material and Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Postgraduate Research Laboratory at the Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan from February to July 2019. Thirty male albino Wistar rats between 250-300 grams weight were distributed equally into group A (control), group B (low-dose Malathion group; 27mg/kg 1/50 of LD50), and group C (high-dose Malathion group; 50mg/kg). Bodyweight of all rats was taken twice, before and after the experiment. The liver was dissected out, washed and weighed. Histopathological examination was done under the light microscope. Grading was done for severity in histopathological changes in each group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey test for comparison with the level of significance set at P-value ≤ .05. Results: Statistically significant (P < .05) decline in body weight was observed in groups B and C in comparison with group A. The relative weight of the liver was increased significantly (P < .05) in the experimental groups, when compared with the control group. Mild-to-moderate histopathological changes were observed in the low-dose Malathion group (Group B) while moderate-to-severe histopathological changes were demonstrated in the high-dose group (Group C). Conclusions: Malathion is a potent toxic pesticide and its exposure can exhibit damage to the hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Factors contributing to discrepant estimated glomerular filtration values measured by creatinine and cystatin C in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akikatsu Nakashima ◽  
Shigeto Horita ◽  
Takahiro Matsunaga ◽  
Ryo Inoue ◽  
Takeshi Zoshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the factors underlying the discrepancy that has been noted between estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) measured using serum creatinine (Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (CysC) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify those patients whose renal function should be evaluated using CysC. We retrospectively evaluated clinical features, disease activity, Steinbrocker radiological staging, and co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia) in 238 RA patients. eGFR using serum creatinine (eGFR-Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (eGFR-CysC) were calculated using the new Japanese coefficient-modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. To clarify the cause(s) of differences of 20% or more between the two eGFRs, we divided our RA patients into Group A (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC ≥ 1.2) and Group B (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC < 1.2), and searched for factors independently related to Group A. Forty-five patients (18.9%) were assigned to Group A, and 193 (81.1%) to Group B. BMI (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.820, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.675–0.996), Hb (OR 0.633, 95% CI 0.433–0.926), CK (OR 0.773 per 10 units, 95% CI 0.644–0.933), NSAID use (OR 0.099, 95% CI 0.020–0.494), diabetes mellitus (OR 6.024, 95% CI 1.508–24.390) and stage 4 Steinbrocker radiological stage (OR 10.309, 95% CI 2.994–35.714) were identified as independent relevant factors for Group A by a multifactorial analysis. Renal function in RA patients with low BMI, diabetes, anemia and low CK may be overestimated using eGFR-Cr alone, and such patients need to be evaluated using eGFR-CysC.

scholarly journals Low-dose sublingual immunotherapy compared to subcutaneous immunotherapy and conventional therapy in childhood asthma

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Ariyanto Harsono
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treat Ment ◽  
Group A

Background Evidence begin to accumulate that high-dose sub-lingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is as effective as subcutaneousimmunotherapy (SIT) in the treatment of childhood asthma.Since the capacity of sublingual area is similar whether the doseis high or low, the efficacy of low dose may be important to bestudied.Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose sublingual im-munotherapy in the treatment of childhood asthma.Methods Parents signed informed consent prior to enrollment,after having received information about the study. Patients weremoderate asthma aged 6-14 years with disease onset of lessthan 2 years before the commencement of the study and peakexpiratory flow rate (PEFR) variability of more than 15%. Pa-tients were randomly allocated into group A, B, and C whoreceived subcutaneous immunotherapy, low-dose sublingualimmunotherapy, and conventional asthma therapy, respectively.Randomization was stratified into two strata according to agei.e., 6-11 years or 11-14 years. Patients of each stratum wererandomized in block of three for each group. At the end of threemonths, lung function tests were repeated. The primary outcomewas PEFR variability at the end of the study. The study wasapproved by the Ethics Committee of Soetomo HospitalSurabaya.Results Distribution of variants as represented by sex, age,eosinophil count, and total IgE concentration were normal inthe three groups. PEFR variability decreased significantly from16.97+0.81 to 8.50+5.08 and 17.0+0.87 to 8.40+4.72 in groupreceiving SIT and SLIT, respectively (p<0.05), but decreasednot significantly from 17.00+0.83 to 10.82+0.5.41 in control group(p>0.05).Conclusion Low-dose SLIT is as efficacious as SIT in the treat-ment of moderate asthma in children

scholarly journals Assessment of Subclinical Renal Glomerular and Tubular Dysfunction in Children with Beta Thalassemia Major

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Asmaa A. Mahmoud ◽  
Doaa M. Elian ◽  
Nahla MS. Abd El Hady ◽  
Heba M. Abdallah ◽  
Shimaa Abdelsattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Beta Thalassemia Major

Background: A good survival rate among patients with beta thalassemia major (beta-TM) has led to the appearance of an unrecognized renal disease. Therefore, we aimed to assess the role of serum cystatin-C as a promising marker for the detection of renal glomerular dysfunction and N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) as potential markers for the detection of renal tubular injury in beta-TM children. Methods: This case-control study was implemented on 100 beta-TM children receiving regular blood transfusions and undergoing iron chelation therapy and 100 healthy children as a control group. Detailed histories of complete physical and clinical examinations were recorded. All subjected children underwent blood and urinary investigations. Results: There was a significant increase in serum cystatin-C (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in eGFR in patients with beta-TM compared with controls (p = 0.01). There was a significant increase in urinary NAG, KIM-1, UNAG/Cr, and UKIM-1/Cr (p < 0.001) among thalassemic children, with a significant positive correlation between serum cystatin-C, NAG and KIM-1 as regards serum ferritin, creatinine, and urea among thalassemic patients. A negative correlation between serum cystatin-C and urinary markers with eGFR was noted. Conclusion: Serum cystatin-C is a good marker for detection of glomerular dysfunction. NAG and KIM-1 may have a predictive role in the detection of kidney injury in beta-TM children.

To Study the Deteriorating Effects of Lithium Carbonate on Thyroid Gland - A Study in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3292-3293
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Rana M. Asad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The human thyroid gland is located in the front of neck. It consists of two lobes. The two lobes are joined with each other by isthmus. The mood stabilizer Lithium Caronate has deleterious effects on the thyroid gland. Aim: To observe and report the data of the harmful effect of Lithium on the weight changes of thyroid gland. Methods: Sixteen rats were selected for this experimental study. The rodents were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of eight animals which were given laboratory diet, Group B contained eight albinos who were given Tablet Lithium Carbonate in powder form at a dose of 60 mg/day for four weeks. After completion of the study time animals were sacrificed and thyroid gland weight were recorded and compared in both groups. Results: The results in both groups were recorded and compared .It was reported that Group B animals had a highly significantly decreased thyroid weight after four weeks Lithium ingestion than Group A control group. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that Lithium Carbonate damages thyroid glandular tissue and causes its weight to decline. Key words: Thyroid gland, Isthmus, deteriorating

scholarly journals Activity of Proteolytic Enzymes and Level of Cystatin C in the Peripartum Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Anna Cyganek ◽  
Aleksandra Wyczalkowska-Tomasik ◽  
Patrycja Jarmuzek ◽  
Barbara Grzechocinska ◽  
Zoulikha Jabiry-Zieniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Peripartum Period

Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of cathepsin B, collagenases, trypsin, and plasmin and concentration of cystatin C in serum of healthy pregnant women in peripartum period.Study Design. The study group included 45 women in uncomplicated pregnancies. Blood samples were collected in four time points. Enzyme activity was measured by spectrofluorometric method. The level of cystatin C was measured using immunonephelometric method.Results. Mean activity of cathepsin B and the level of serum cystatin C were significantly higher in the study group. Collagenase activity was significantly lower in the study group than the control group. No differences in collagenase, plasmin, and trypsin activity on each day of the peripartum period were found.Conclusion. High activity of cathepsin B and increased level of cystatin C are typical for women in late pregnancy. Those levels significantly decrease after delivery which can be associated with potential role of those markers in placental separation. The insignificant changes of cystatin C level in the peripartum period seem to exclude the possibility of using cystatin C as a marker for renal insufficiency in the peripartum period but additional research is necessary to investigate the matter further.

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