scholarly journals Preterm and low birth weight as risk factors for infant delayed development

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggraini Alam ◽  
Abdurachman Sukadi ◽  
Nelly Amalia Risan ◽  
Meita Dhamayanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Biological Risk ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Delayed Development

Background In developed countries, birth weight of less than1,500 g contributes in infant delayed development. It might bedifferent in developing countries.Objective This study aimed to determine whether preterm infantswith birth weight of 1,500 to 2,499 g are risk factors for delayeddevelopment at 7-10 months of age.Methods We analyzed singleton infants at 7-10 months ofcorrected age, born with birth weight of 1,500 to 2,499 grams,preterm-appropriate for gestational age (or LBW group), and at7-10 months of chronological age, born with birth weight >2,500g-term-appropriate for gestational (non-LBW group) in a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Data were taken from medicalrecords in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, from September2003 to May 2004. We excluded infants with major congenitalanomalies, hyaline membrane disease, assisted ventilation, orexchange transfusion. Multiple regression logistic analysis wasperformed for data analysis.Results The percentage of delayed development in LBW groupwas higher than in non-LBW group (17.1% vs. 1.6%). Logisticregression analysis revealed that low birth weight was a risk factorfor delayed development (RR=5.13, 95%Cl 1.55;16.96, P=0.007).Other biological risk factors for delayed development arehyperbilirubinemia (RR=3.32, 95%Cl 1.29;8.54, P=0.013) andsepsis (RR=2.74, 95%Cl 1.15;6.52, P=0.023).Conclusions Preterm-appropriate for gestational age with birthweight of 1,500 to 2,499 g are risk factors for infant delayeddevelopment after being adjusted to other biological risk factors.

scholarly journals The risk for delayed development in low birth weight, appropriate for gestational age preterm infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanza Uga Peryoga ◽  
Abdurachman Sukadi ◽  
Sambas Wiradisuria
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Delayed Development

Background Preterm infants, particularly those who have hadsevere asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, and sepsis, tend to be at riskfor neurodevelopmental impairment.Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the risk for de-layed development in low birth weight (LBW), appropriate for gesta-tional age (AGA) preterm infants compared to that in term, non-LBWinfants, and to investigate the roles of severe asphyxia, sepsis, andhyperbilirubinemia as potential risk factors for delayed development.Methods This was a hospital-based retrospective cohort studyinvolving preterm, LBW and term, non-LBW infants conducted inHasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. The Bayley InfantNeurodevelopmental Screener (BINS) test was performed to as-sess the risk of delayed development at 3 months of corrected agefor the preterm infants and at 3 months of chronological age for theterm infants. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and mul-tivariate analysis using logistic regression were performed.Results One hundred and twelve infants fulfilled eligibility criteria,consisting of 52 preterm, LBW and 60 term, non-LBW infants. Basedon the BINS test, of the preterm, LBW infants, 32 (61%) were atlow risk, 11 (21%) at moderate risk, and 9 (17%) at high risk fordelayed development. Of the control infants, 49 (82%) were at lowrisk, 10 (17%) at moderate risk, and 1 (1.7%) at high risk for de-layed development. Logistic regression analysis showed signifi-cant association between accompanying diseases such as sepsis(OR=25.60; P=0.001) and hyperbilirubinemia (OR=16.07; P=0.001)with delayed development. Despite more than twofold odds fordelayed development in infants with severe asphyxia (OR=2.51)and LBW-prematurity (OR=2.47), the association was statisticallyinsignificant (P=0.20 and P=0.15, respectively).Conclusions In preterm infants appropriate for gestational age,prematurity and low birth weight alone may or may not predisposeto delayed development at 3 months of age. However, the risk fordelayed development in such infants is increased when sepsis orhyperbilirubinemia is present

Serum Thymic Hormone Activity and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Healthy Neonates, Preterm Infants, and Small-for-Gestational Age Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
R. K. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Lymphocyte Stimulation ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Thymic Hormone ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Groups of healthy, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants were studied at birth, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months of age. Serum thymic hormone (TH) activity was assayed, the number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was counted, and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were evaluated. TH activity was decreased in 1-month-old SGA infants. T cells were reduced in all low birth weight infants; the number reverted to normal by 3 months of age in preterm AGA infants, whereas it remained low for at least 12 months in the SGA group. Lymphocyte stimulation response was decreased in low birth weight infants; the extent of depression paralleled reduction in T lymphocyte number. These observations indicate that cell-mediated immunity is impaired in low birth weight newborns and reduced TH activity may be one of the pathogenetic factors involved. Persistent depression of immunocompetence may underlie the increased susceptibility of SGA infants to infection-related morbidity and mortality.

Neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with esophageal atresia: risk factors in the first year of life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevilacqua Francesca ◽  
Ragni Benedetta ◽  
Conforti Andrea ◽  
Braguglia Annabella ◽  
Gentile Simonetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Summary Data on neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born with esophageal atresia (EA) are still scarce and controversial. The aims of our study were to evaluate motor and cognitive development during the first year of life, in patients operated on of EA and to investigate potential risk factors for motor and cognitive development both at 6 and 12 months. This is an observational prospective longitudinal study in a selected cohort of type C and D EA infants enrolled in our follow-up program from 2009 to 2017. In order to exclude possible confounding factors, the following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤ 1500 g; (ii) genetic syndrome or chromosomal anomaly known to be associated with neurodevelopmental delay; (iii) neurologic disease; (iv) esophageal gap ≥three vertebral bodies. Patients were evaluated at 6 and 12 months of life (corrected age for infants with a gestational age of 32–37 weeks) with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development—3rd Edition. In our selected cohort of EA infants, 82 were evaluated at 6 months and 59 were reevaluated at 12 months. Both Motor and Cognitive average scores were within the norm at both time points. However, we report increased number of infants with motor delay with time: 14% at 6 months and 24% at 12 months. Multiple regression analysis for Motor scores at 6 [F(4,74) = 4.363, P = 0.003] and 12 months [F(6,50) = 2.634, P = 0.027] identified (i) low birth weight, (ii) longer hospital stay and (iii) weight < fifth percentile at 1 year as risk factors. Interestingly, average Cognitive scores also increased with time from 85.2% at 6 months and 96.6% at 12 months. Multiple regression models explaining variance of Cognitive scores at 6 [F(4, 73) = 2.458, P = 0.053] and 12 months [F(6, 49) = 1.232, P = 0.306] were nonsignificant. Our selected cohort of EA patients shows, on the average, Motor and Cognitive scores within the norm both at 6 and 12 months. Nevertheless, the percentage of infants with Motor scores below the average increases regardless gestational age. None of clinical and sociodemographic variables taken into consideration was able to predict cognitive development both at 6 and 12 months whereas risk factors for Motor development change during the first year of life. Healthcare providers should pay particular attention to patients with low birth weight, longer hospital stays and weight under fifth percentile at 1 year. Future studies should include long-term outcomes to reveal possible catch up in motor development and/or possible findings in Cognitive scores.

MODELLING THE RISK FACTORS FOR BIRTH WEIGHT IN TWIN GESTATIONS: A QUANTILE REGRESSION APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John Michael ◽  
Belavendra Antonisamy ◽  
S. Mahasampath Gowri ◽  
Ramasami Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Birth Weight Distribution ◽  
Different Parts

SummaryBirth weight is used as a proxy for the general health condition of newborns. Low birth weight leads to adverse events and its effects on child growth are both short- and long-term. Low birth weight babies are more common in twin gestations. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of maternal and socio-demographic risk factors at various quantiles of the birth weight distribution for twin gestations using quantile regression, a robust semi-parametric technique. Birth records of multiple pregnancies from between 1991 and 2005 were identified retrospectively from the birth registry of the Christian Medical College and hospitals in Vellore, India. A total of 1304 twin pregnancies were included in the analysis. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the mothers were analysed. The mean gestational age of the twins was 36 weeks with 51% having preterm labour. As expected, the examined risk factors showed different effects at different parts of the birth weight distribution. Gestational age, chroniocity, gravida and child’s sex had significant effects in all quantiles. Interestingly, mother’s age had no significant effect at any part of the birth weight distribution, but both maternal and paternal education had huge impacts in the lower quantiles (10thand 25th), which were underestimated by the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates. The study shows that quantile regression is a useful method for risk factor analysis and the exploration of the differential effects of covariates on an outcome, and exposes how OLS estimates underestimate and overestimate the effects of risk factors at different parts of the birth weight distribution.

scholarly journals Intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants: associated risk factors and outcome in the neonatal period

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Catache Mancini ◽  
Naila Elias Barbosa ◽  
Débora Banwart ◽  
Sandra Silveira ◽  
José Luiz Guerpelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a severe complication in very low birth weight (VLBW) newborns (NB). With the purpose of studying the incidence of IVH, the associated risk factors, and the outcomes for these neonates, we studied all the VLBW infants born in our neonatal unit. Birth weight, gestational age, presence of perinatal asphyxia, mechanical ventilation, length of hospitalization, apnea crisis, hydrocephalus, and periventricular leukomalacia were analyzed. The diagnosis of IVH was based on ultrasound scan studies (Papile's classification) performed until the tenth day of life and repeated weekly in the presence of abnormalities. Sixty-seven/101 neonates were studied. The mortality rate was 30.6% (31/101) and the incidence of IVH was 29.8% (20/67) : 70% grade I, 20% grade III and 10% grade IV. The incidence of IVH in NB <1,000 g was 53.8% (p = 0.035) and for gestational age <30 weeks was 47.3% (p = 0.04), both considered risk factors for IVH. The length of hospitalization (p = 0.00015) and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.038) were longer in IHV NB. The IVH NB had a relative risk of 2.3 of developing apnea (p = 0.02), 3.7 of hydrocephalus (p = 0.0007), and 7.7 of periventricular leukomalacia (p < 0.00001). The authors emphasize the importance of knowing the risk factors related to IVH so as to introduce prevention schemes to reduce IVH and to improve outcomes of affected newborns.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Analysis of Inborn Birth Defects in A Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Congenital Malformation ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Still Birth ◽  
New Born ◽  
Icd 10

Objective: To assess the prevalence of congenital defects and to investigate the maternal and perinatal aspects in relation to the detailed ICD-10 coding of each individual case using The New Born Data base NBBD data collection system under Global surveillance in collaboration with Center for Disease Control CDC, Atlanta and All India Institute of Medical Science AIMS, New Delhi and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University BSMMU as the Focal point of investigation. Methods: All births and terminations of pregnancy beyond 24 weeks with structural and sonographically detectable birth defects from October,2014 to October, 2018 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bangladesh Medical College and Hospital were carefully scrutinized and detailed information regarding the maternal and associated clinical risk factors were compiled using the NBBD (New Born Birth Defects) surveillance system. Among that period all births (Live birth and still birth) were counted to have a prevalence data of birth defects using the total number of births as the denominator and the number of birth defects as the numerator. Results: The prevalence of detectable birth defects among the 2002 total births (which includes 110 still births) was found to be 4.34% (87/2002 x 100). According to birth defect category using the ICD-10 coding system, 11 broad categories were found. Musculoskeletal deformities Q65-Q79 were the highest (25/87), followed by congenital malformation of the nervous system Q00-Q07(15/87) and congenital malformation of eye, ear, face and neck Q10-Q18(14/87). The birth defects were categorized as isolated, syndrome and sequence; among the 87 cases, 44 were isolated defects, 40 were syndromic / multiple birth defects and 3 were result of Potter sequence. Regarding maternal variables, maternal age<18 years was 23.4%, 18-25 years was 48.93% ,26-33 years was 23.4% and ≥ 34 years was 6.4%; father’s age < 35 yearswas 74.5% and ≥ 35 years 25.5%%, parental consanguinity was present in 4.3% of case. Analyzing the variables relating to labour conditions, majority of pregnancies were singletons 95.7% leaving only 4.3% of pregnancies being Twin pregnancies. Reviewing babies according to gestational age, 69 (73.4%%) of babies were less than 34 weeks and 26.6% remaining were equal to/more than 34 weeks of gestation reflecting a higher frequency of prematurity or pre-term delivery either induced or spontaneous onset. Regarding the mode of delivery, vaginal birth was conducted in approximately 74% of cases and C-Section was performed in remaining cases, the indication of C-section was guided by obstetric causes such as previous C-section and maternal desire for an elective abdominal delivery. Results of the foetal variables by sex distribution showed a significant male predominance (51/87) 51 male, 26 female and 10 ambiguous. Reviewing babies according to gestational age, 64 (73.4%%) of babies were less than 34 weeks and 26.6% remaining were more than 34 weeks of gestation reflecting a higher frequency of prematurity. The studied foetal variable as categorized by weight, as ≤1500gm (extreme low birth weight ELBW) was 23.4%, 1501-2499gm (Low birth weight LBW) was 50% and ≥2500g (Average birth weight) was 26.6 %. The studied foetal variable as categorized by percentage of babies that were born live birth was 87%, 17 % were stillbirth: a significant portion of those terminated late were found macerated. Data was also compiled regarding the following risk factors: Previous history of birth defects/ previous still birth/ previous spontaneous abortions/ terminations for birth defects which did not reveal significant differences. Conclusion: The study notified only the most visible defects in most cases. However, the study is part of an ongoing surveillance program which has incited much alertness among the participants regarding documentation. The prevalence records and the type of defects may help in the expansion of these programs for the development of future preventive strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight babies-a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Gurunathan Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World

Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million LBW babies are born every year throughout the world. The present study was to explore the effects of various maternal risk factors associated with low birth-weight of institutionally delivered newborns. Across the world, neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for LBW babies compared to normal birth weight (NBW) babies (>2.5 kg).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from December 2019 to October 2020. Altogether 350 babies were taken who were delivered at ACS hospital.Results: The number of times of ANC attendance was also significantly associated with LBW, odds ratio (OR)=1.296, and p=0.001. The number of meals was not associated with LBW OR=0.946, and p=0.831. The gestational age assessed as completed weeks of pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW OR=3.302; p=0.00001.Conclusions: This study suggests that there are several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies. Socio-demographic factors (maternal age and gestational age) and antenatal care are more important.

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