Association between low-grade chronic inflammation with adipocytokines and body fat mass in superobese male children

Background Obesity causes adipocytokines dysregulation and enhances the pro-inflammatory response. Low-grade chronic inflammation is related to cardiometabolic diseases. Objective To evaluate the status of low-grade chronic inflammation in pre-pubertal, obese boys and its potential correlation to adipocytokines and body fat mass. Methods This cross-sectional study included pre-pubertal, male, superobese children as the subjects. We determined obesity status using the CDC 2000 BMI-for-age chart. Body fat percentage was measured using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). Fasting blood specimens were collected to evaluate hsCRP, leptin, adiponectin, and TNF-α levels. Results Eighty subjects were recruited into this study, with a mean age of 6.9 years. Ten subjects (12.5%) had low-grade chronic inflammation (hsCRP level ≥ 1 mg/L). The levels of hsCRP was not correlated with leptin, adiponectin, and TNF-α levels. A weak, but significant correlation was observed between hsCRP level and body fat mass (r= +0.383; P<0.0001). The hsCRP level increased with increasing body fat mass, until it reached its peak at body fat mass of 28 kg. Beyond that point, hsCRP level was stable. Conclusion Low-grade chronic inflammation begins at a young age in obese children. The hsCRP level has a weak correlation with body fat mass, but no correlation with adipocytokine levels. Prevention and treatment of childhood obesity should be prioritized to prevent further cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Download Full-text

An investigation into the effect of body mass index on the agreement between whole-body fat mass determined by MRI and air-displacement plethysmography

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr.20190300 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 92 (1103) ◽

pp. 20190300

Author(s):

Andrew D. Weedall ◽

Adrian J. Wilson ◽

Sarah C. Wayte

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Whole Body ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Test Objects

Objective: To validate MRI fat measurement protocols using purpose built test objects and by comparison with air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) whole-body fat measurements in non-obese subjects. Methods: Test objects of known fat concentration were used to quantify the accuracy of the MRI measurements. 10 participants with a body mass index in the range 18–30 underwent whole-body MRI using two different Dixon-based sequences (LAVA Flex and IDEAL IQ) to obtain an estimate of their whole-body fat mass. The MRI determined fat mass was compared to the fat mass determined by ADP. Results: MRI test object measurements showed a high correlation to expected fat percentage (r > 0.98). The participant MRI and ADP results were highly correlated (r = 0.99) but on average (mean ± standard deviation) MRI determined a higher fat mass than ADP (3.8 ± 3.1 kg for LAVA Flex and 1.9 ± 3.2 kg for IDEAL IQ). There was no trend in the difference between MRI and ADP with total fat mass. Conclusion: The good agreement between MRI and ADP shows that Dixon-based MRI can be used effectively as a tool in physiological research for non-obese adults. Advances in knowledge: This work found that for ten non-obese subjects body mass index had no effect on the MRI determination of whole-body fat mass.

Download Full-text

Comparisons of Waist Circumference Measurements at Five Different Anatomical Sites in Chinese Children

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/7678613 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chaoran Yang ◽

Lin Wang

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Iliac Crest ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This study compared the waist circumference (WC) measurements of Chinese children at different sites to determine the relationship between WC measurements and body fat. WC was measured at five sites in 255 subjects aged 9–19 years: immediately below the lowest rib (WC1), at the narrowest waist (WC2), the midpoint between the lowest rib and the iliac crest (WC3), 1 cm above the umbilicus (WC4), and immediately above the iliac crest (WC5). Body fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (% BF), body fat mass in the trunk (FM in the trunk), and fat percentage in the trunk (% BF in the trunk) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The WCs were then compared through ANOVA with repeated measurement. The relationship of WC of each site with FM, % BF, FM in the trunk, and % BF in the trunk was examined through partial correlation. The WCs exhibited the following pattern: WC2 < WC1 < WC3 < WC4 < WC5 (p<0.001) in males and WC2 < WC1 < WC4, WC3 < WC5 (p<0.001) in females. The measured WCs were strongly correlated with FM, % BF, FM in the trunk, and % BF in the trunk. The WC measurements at five commonly used sites among Chinese children are different from one another. Results indicate that standardizing the anatomic point for the WC measurements is necessary.

Download Full-text

Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520003086 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Irene A. Garcia-Yu ◽

Luis Garcia-Ortiz ◽

Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos ◽

Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽

Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Habitual Diet

Abstract During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (–0·63 kg (95 % CI –1·15, –0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen’s d = –0·450) and body fat percentage (–0·79 % (95 % CI –1·31, –0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen’s d = –0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (–0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI –0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen’s d = –0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.

Download Full-text

Tryptophan Metabolism Is Associated with BMI and Adipose Tissue Mass and Linked to Metabolic Disease in Pediatric Obesity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020286 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 286

Author(s):

Julia Lischka ◽

Andrea Schanzer ◽

Margot Baumgartner ◽

Charlotte de Gier ◽

Susanne Greber-Platzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disease ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Pediatric Obesity ◽

Severe Obesity ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Tryptophan Metabolism ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

The Impact

The obesity epidemic has contributed to an escalating prevalence of metabolic diseases in children. Overnutrition leads to increased tryptophan uptake and availability. An association between the induction of the tryptophan catabolic pathway via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and obesity-related inflammation has been observed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pediatric obesity on tryptophan metabolism and the potential relationship with metabolic disease. In this prospective cohort study, plasma kynurenine, tryptophan, and serotonin levels were measured by ELISA, and IDO activity was estimated by calculating the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in a clinically characterized population with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) aged 9 to 19 (n = 125). IDO activity and its product kynurenine correlated with BMI z-score and body fat mass, whereas concentrations of serotonin, the alternative tryptophan metabolite, negatively correlated with these measures of adiposity. Kynurenine and tryptophan, but not serotonin levels, were associated with disturbed glucose metabolism. Tryptophan concentrations negatively correlated with adiponectin and were significantly higher in prediabetes and metabolically unhealthy obesity. In conclusion, BMI and body fat mass were associated with increased tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway and decreased serotonin production in children and adolescents with severe obesity. The resulting elevated kynurenine levels may contribute to metabolic disease in obesity.

Download Full-text

776 BODY MASS INDEX, BODY FAT PERCENTAGE AND THE AFFECT OF BODY FAT MASS ON SWL SUCCESS

European Urology Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1569-9056(07)60771-4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 216

Author(s):

A.F. Akay ◽

A. Gedik ◽

A. Tutus ◽

H. Sahin ◽

K. Bircan

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage

Download Full-text

Body mass index, body fat percentage, and the effect of body fat mass on SWL success

International Urology and Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s11255-006-9133-2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 727-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ali Ferruh Akay ◽

Abdullah Gedik ◽

Ali Tutus ◽

Hayrettin Şahin ◽

Mehmet Kamuran Bircan

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage

Download Full-text

Daily Calcium Intervention for a Weight-Loss Program Resulted in More Significant Decreases in Body Weight, BMI, Body Fat Mass, and Body Fat Percentage

Obesity Research - Open Journal ◽

10.17140/oroj-2-112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 73-80

Author(s):

Yen-Ling Chen ◽

◽

Yi-Chun Chen ◽

Jung-Su Chang ◽

Jo Chun Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage

Download Full-text

A Six-Week Group-Based Advanced Quantity Meal Prep Program Improves Cooking Attitudes, Behaviors, and Body Composition

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1332-1332

Author(s):

Shannon Mendez ◽

Hsin Yi Tseng ◽

Jamie Kubota ◽

Adrianne Widaman ◽

John Gieng

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Collaborative Group ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Cooked Food

Abstract Objectives Consumption of food away from home is associated with higher caloric intake and poorer diet quality compared to home-cooked food. The group-based advance quantity meal prep (AQMP) program was developed to increase the frequency of consumption of home-cooked meals. This pilot study aimed to determine the effects of the AQMP program on the frequency of consumption of home-cooked meals, cooking attitudes, cooking self-efficacy, and anthropometrics. Methods Participants were recruited from a fitness center and met at a commercial kitchen once a week for 6 weeks to complete the AQMP program. At each session, participants prepared meals in bulk and packaged individual portions. Participants were sent home with 10 meals and 5 snacks each week. These meals are defined as home-cooked. A questionnaire, height, weight, hip circumference, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body fat percentage, and body mass index (BMI) were taken at three time points: pre-program (T1), immediately post-program (T2), and 3 months post-program (T3). The questionnaire assessed: physical activity, cooking attitudes, cooking self-efficacy, and cooking behavior and consumption. Results Statistically significant increases were seen in total cooking attitudes between T1 and T3 (P = 0.01), cooking self-efficacy between T1 and T2 (P = 0.002), and reported percentage of home-cooked dinner consumption between T1 (52 ± 29%) and T2 (86 ± 14%, P = 0.04). Significant decreases in weight between T1 (85.1 ± 27.8 kg) and T3 (83.3 ± 27.4 kg, P = 0.03), body fat mass between T1 (32.0 ± 21.6 kg) and T2 (30.3 ± 21.4 kg; P = 0.01), and T1 (32.0 ± 21.6 kg) and T3 (28.6 ± 22.4 kg, P = 0.01), and BMI between T1 (31.7 ± 9.4 kg/m2) and T2 (31.0 ± 9.0 kg/m2, P = 0.03) were also observed. Conclusions This pilot study indicates that a 6-week AQMP program increased consumption of home-cooked meals and may have contributed to improvement in body composition suggesting the potential of AQMP as a tool for weight management. Additionally, incorporating a collaborative group dynamic with AQMP likely aided in increasing participant cooking attitudes and cooking self-efficacy. The positive results in this pilot study suggests that larger, controlled studies on the efficacy of group-based AQMP is warranted. Funding Sources None.

Download Full-text