scholarly journals An Assessment of Inclusive Growth Policy as a Determinant of Unemployment Reduction in Nigeria: an Application of Autoregressive Distributed (ARDL) Bound Test Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Charles Manasseh
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Growth Policy ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
Ardl Bound Test

Malaysia’s Healthcare Expenditure: ARDL Bound Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Noormahayu Binti Mohd Nasir ◽  
Zarul Azhar Nasir ◽  
Norasyikin Abdullah Fahami ◽  
Muhammad Adidinizar Zia Ahmad Kusairee ◽  
Khalijah Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
Ardl Bound Test

This study aims to analyse the relationships between income level, education expenditure, inflation, and ageing population towards health expenditure in Malaysia over the period of 1997 until 2017.  This study employs Autoregressive Distributed-Lag (ARDL) Bound test in determining the long-run empirical relationships between all independent variables and healthcare expenditures in Malaysia.  The findings show the existence of long run cointegration between healthcare expenditure inflation, income level, and the government’s education expenditure.  The results confirmed that all independent variables have positive long run relationships, except the ageing population that displays a negative relationship in influencing healthcare expenditure in Malaysia. The regression result of GDPP shows income elasticity value of 0.690, reflecting the necessity of healthcare expenditure. The outcome of the paper hopes to provide insights on the importance of healthcare expenditure for the development of this country, especially on its economic fronts.

scholarly journals HOW DID COVID-19 PANDEMIC AFFECT THE TOURISM INDEX IN BORSA ISTANBUL?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Özen ◽  
Letife Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
Cointegration Relationship ◽  
Ardl Bound Test

This study aims to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Turkey's tourism sector. In the study, for the period 12 March 2020 - 31 August 2020 the daily data of the BIST tourism stock index and Covid-19 case and death counts in Turkey were used. The cointegration relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic and the BIST tourism index was investigated with the ARDL bound test. In addition, the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the BIST tourism index was tested with the FMOLS regression method. As a result of the ARDL bound test, it was determined that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between the Covid-19 case and death numbers and the BIST tourism index. According to the FMOLS regression model results, it is seen that the deaths of Covid 19 significantly affect the tourism index. A 1% increase in the number of deaths causes the BIST tourism index to decrease by 0.08%. The coefficient of the number of Covid-19 cases is not significant, showing that the number of cases does not have a sufficient effect on the tourism index.

scholarly journals Investigating in the J-curve phenomenon in Tunisia- ARDL bound test approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5(J)) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Elham Shubaita ◽  
Muhammad Mar’i ◽  
Mehdi Seraj
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
J Curve ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ardl Bound Test

This paper investigates the relationship between trade balance, real exchange rates, and incomes in Tunisia by adopting the autoregressive distributed model (ARDL) by using data over the period of 1980 to 2018. We also used the bound test cointegration between variables at a 10% significant level. Our findings show that the Tunisia economy does not match the Marshall-Lerner condition in the long run, that provides an accurate description of the particular situation for which a country currency devaluation or depreciation its currency under both fixed or floating regime is predicted to enhance the trade balance of a country, which means there is no j-curve phenomenon in the long run, which tries to differentiate between the change of short-run and long-run effects in the change of exchange rate on the trade balance. Our findings match the Marshall-Lerner condition in the short run and can confirm the existing j-curve in the case of Tunisia.

Does Financial Inclusion Promote Human Development? Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
pp. 227868212110451
Author(s):  
Neha Arora ◽  
Naresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ardl Bound Test

The present study investigates the relationship between Financial Inclusion Index (FII) and Human Development Index (HDI) of Indian economy. The study developed FII for the Indian economy from 1991 to 2020 by using the dimensions of banking penetration, banking availability and usage of banking services. The well-known techniques of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to develop FII. The ARDL bound test confirms the existence of a long-run relationship between financial inclusion and human development. Granger non-causality confirms the existence of bidirectional causality between financial inclusion and human development. As financial inclusion acts as a key for human development, government should adopt policies to speed up the financial inclusion process in India.

scholarly journals ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE BASED ON ARDL BOUND TEST APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-721
Author(s):  
Lasbrey Anochiwa ◽  
Oguwuike Michael Enyoghasim ◽  
Kalu E. Uma ◽  
C. Paul Obidike ◽  
Iyke Uwazie Uwazie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
Ardl Bound Test

scholarly journals An analysis of the impact of non-oil exports on economic growth: Evidence from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Lawali Bello Zoramawa ◽  
Machief Paul Ezekiel ◽  
Salisu Umar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bound Test ◽  
Ardl Bound Test

The study assessed the contribution of the non-oil sector to the economic growth in Nigeria between the periods 1981 and 2019. The study employed the ARDL bound test for cointegration to analyze the direction among the variables under review. The results of the analysis revealed that there is a negative and statistically significant relationship between non-oil exports (NOE) and economic growth (RGDP) in Nigeria during the period under investigation in the long-run for Manufacturing (MANX), solid mineral(SOLX) except for Agricultural export (AGRX). There is also a bidirectional causal relationship between non-oil exports and economic growth in Nigeria during the same period. The study, therefore recommended that the Nigerian government and other stakeholders should make a country’s non-oil export commodities more attractive and competitive in the global market which will prompt the demand for Nigeria’s non-oil goods at the international market.  Keywords: Non-Oil exports, Economic Growth,

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