scholarly journals Classification of the desert steppes ecosystems of Western Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
V. N. Permitina
Keyword(s):  
Water Regime ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Desert Steppes ◽  
River Valleys

The results of the steppe zone ecosystems investigation in Western Kazakhstan are presented. Theclassification of the main types of terrestrial ecosystems of the desert steppes subzone, divided by the forms of macrorelief(elevated plains, river valleys, sand massifs) and grouped into categories according to the type of water regime (automorphic,semihydromorphic, hydromorphic), is presented. Within the automorphic category, one zonal class of ecosystems hasbeen distinguished: cereal-wormwood desert steppes on light chestnut soils. The semi-hydromorphic category includesecosystems of wormwood-halophytic-cereal steppe meadows on meadow-chestnut soils. The hydromorphic categoryof river valleys is characterized by ecosystems of floodplain forest-meadow and tree-shrub tugai on floodplain meadowsoils.

Population density and total biomass of microbial communities in chestnut soils and solonetzes of the dry steppe zone in the Lower Volga region

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kashirskaya ◽  
T. E. Khomutova ◽  
E. V. Chernysheva ◽  
M. V. El’tsov ◽  
V. A. Demkin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Dry Steppe

scholarly journals Soil–landform–plant-community relationships of a periglacial landscape on Potter Peninsula, maritime Antarctica

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Poelking ◽  
C. E. R. Schaefer ◽  
E. I. Fernandes Filho ◽  
A. M. de Andrade ◽  
A. A. Spielmann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Maritime Antarctica ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Ornithogenic Soils ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors ◽  
Potter Peninsula

Abstract. Integrated studies on the interplay between soils, periglacial geomorphology and plant communities are crucial for the understanding of climate change effects on terrestrial ecosystems of maritime Antarctica, one of the most sensitive areas to global warming. Knowledge on physical environmental factors that influence plant communities can greatly benefit studies on the monitoring of climate change in maritime Antarctica, where new ice-free areas are being constantly exposed, allowing plant growth and organic carbon inputs. The relationship between topography, plant communities and soils was investigated on Potter Peninsula, King George Island, maritime Antarctica. We mapped the occurrence and distribution of plant communities and identified soil–landform–vegetation relationships. The vegetation map was obtained by classification of a QuickBird image, coupled with detailed landform and characterization of 18 soil profiles. The sub-formations were identified and classified, and we also determined the total elemental composition of lichens, mosses and grasses. Plant communities on Potter Peninsula occupy 23% of the ice-free area, at different landscape positions, showing decreasing diversity and biomass from the coastal zone to inland areas where sub-desert conditions prevail. There is a clear dependency between landform and vegetated soils. Soils that have greater moisture or are poorly drained, and with acid to neutral pH, are favourable for moss sub-formations. Saline, organic-matter-rich ornithogenic soils of former penguin rookeries have greater biomass and diversity, with mixed associations of mosses and grasses, while stable felsenmeers and flat rocky cryoplanation surfaces are the preferred sites for Usnea and Himantormia lugubris lichens at the highest surface. Lichens sub-formations cover the largest vegetated area, showing varying associations with mosses.

WATER REGIME OF ALLUVIAL MEADOW SOIL IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE OF WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Ilyin ◽  
Aleksandr Mangataev ◽  
Maria Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Water Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Western Transbaikalia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

Based on the monitoring of changes in climate indicators of the dry-steppe zone of Western Transbaikalia over the past 40 years, it has been revealed that the amount of effective rainfall, starting from the second six-year cycle, is steadily decreasing with a simultaneous increase in the amount of ineffective rainfall. As a result, there is a lack of moisture in the root layer of the soil and a soil drought is formed.

SHORT-RANGE SOIL VARIABILITY AND CLASSIFICATION OF PODZOLIC PEDONS ALONG A TRANSECT IN THE LAURENTIAN HIGHLANDS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. WANG ◽  
J. A. McKEAGUE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soil Variability ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
The One

Pedons were described, sampled and classified at 5-m intervals along a 130-m transect in an area typical of the southern Laurentian Highlands in order to assess short-range soil variability. Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol was the dominant subgroup (25 of 27 sites). Differences in depth to bedrock and in soil water regime resulted in four soil families; bedrock was exposed at one site. At 21 of the 27 sites, however, the pedons were classified in one family: Orthic Ferro-Humic Podzol, coarse loamy, cold, humid. Differences in thicknesses and sequences of horizons resulted in a total of at least nine soil series. At scales of 1:20 000 or somewhat smaller, the soils of map units in the area would be most appropriately indicated as slope phases (10–40% slopes) of families. The dominant family would be the one indicated above with inclusions of shallow to extremely shallow phases and bedrock outcrops. Key words: Soil variability, Podzolic soils, classification of pedons

Objective classification of changes in water regime types of the Russian Plain rivers utilizing machine learning approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ivanov ◽  
Timophey Samsonov ◽  
Natalia Frolova ◽  
Maria Kireeva ◽  
Elena Povalishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Cosine Similarity ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
Objective Classification ◽  
Seasonal Runoff ◽  
Monthly Runoff

<p>Hydrological regime classification of Russian Plain rivers was always done by hand and by using subjective analysis of various characteristics of a seasonal runoff. Last update to this classification was made in the early 1990s. </p><p>In this work we make an attempt at using different machine learning methods for objective classification. Both clustering (DBSCAN, K-Means) and classification (XGBoost) methods were used to establish 1) if an established runoff types can be inferred from the data using supervised approach 2) similar clusters can be inferred from data (unsupervised approach). Monthly runoff data for 237 rivers of Russian Plain since 1945 and until 2016 were used as a dataset. </p><p>In a first attempt dataset was divided into periods of 1945-1977 and 1978-2016 in attempt to detect changes in river water regimes due to climate change. Monthly data were transformed into following features: annual and seasonal runoff, runoff levels for different seasons, minimum and maximum values of monthly runoff, ratios of the minimum and maximum runoff compared to yearly average and others. Supervised classification using XGBoost method resulted in 90% accuracy in water regime type identification for 1945-1977 period. Shifts in water regime types for southern rivers of Russian Plain rivers in a Don region were identified by this classifier.</p><p>DBSCAN algorithm for clustering was able to identify 6 major clusters corresponding to existing water regime types: Kola peninsula, North-East part of Russian Plain and polar Urals, Central Russia, Southern Russia, arid South-East, foothills and separately higher altitudes of the Caucasus. Nonetheless a better approach was sought due to intersections of a clusters because of the continuous nature of data. Cosine similarity metric was used as an alternative way to separate river runoff types, this time for each year. Yearly cutoff also allows us to make a timeline of water regime changes over the course of 70 years. By using it as an objective ground truth we plan to remake classification and clusterization made earlier and establish an automated way to classify changes in water regime over time.</p><p><strong>As a result, the following conclusions can be made</strong></p><ol><li>It’s possible to train an accurate classifier based on established water regime type and apply it to detect changes in water regime types over the course of time</li> <li>By applying the classifier to different periods of time we can detect a shift to “southern” type of water regime in the central area of Russian Plain</li> <li>Despite the highly continuous nature of data it seems possible to use cosine similarity metric to separate water regime types into zones corresponding to established ones</li> </ol><p><span><em>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No.19-77-10032) in methods </em><em>and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No.18-05-60021</em>) </span><em><span>for analyses in Arctic region </span></em></p>

scholarly journals Carbon budgets in the steppe ecosystems of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 485 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-735
Author(s):  
I. N. Kurganova ◽  
V. O. Lopes de Gerenyu ◽  
A. T. Zhiengaliyev ◽  
V. N. Kudeyarov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Abandoned Lands

Abandoned lands formed in the place of former arable lands occupy considerable areas in the steppe zone and are a basic reserve for the restoration of the steppe biome in Russia. Taking into account the secondary steppe ecosystems developed in the place of the abandoned lands, the total carbon dioxide sink in the steppe zone of Russia can reach 92-121 Mt С per year. This is comparable to the СО2 sink in the managed forests of the Russian Federation (96 Mt/yr) and accounts for 10-20% of the total sink of СО2 in the terrestrial ecosystems of Russia. To increase the sink potential on the territory of the Russian Federation, the natural and restored steppe ecosystems should be preserved.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CHESTNUT SOILS IN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE GRAZING TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 192-202
Author(s):  
Beybit NASIYEV ◽  
Askhat BEKKALIYEV ◽  
Nurbolat ZHANATALAPOV ◽  
Vladimir SHIBAIKIN ◽  
Rakhimzhan YELESHEV
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
The Third ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus

Managing pasture resources of Western Kazakhstan is complicated due to the deterioration of the physicochemical parameters of soils, manifesting degradation, and alkalinization as a result of intensive grazing. The research has been aimed at studying the technology of cattle grazing for preserving the physicochemical parameters of soils and increasing the efficiency of pasture use. The assessment and statistical analysis of physicochemical indicators of soils were carried out with standard methods during 2018 – 2019, which allowed identifying the most optimal grazing technology. The results of the research showed that under the influence of intensive grazing, physicochemical parameters worsened, a decrease in the humus reserves by 10.88-12.35% was detected, soil degraded to the third degree, and became alkaline as a result of the increase in exchangeable sodium to 1.65 cmol (equiv.)/kg. The technology of moderate cattle grazing favorably affects the physicochemical parameters of the soils of pasture ecosystems. The chestnut soils of the pastures, where moderate grazing technology was applied, remained resistant to degradation and salinization. With this technology, the soil humus was reliably preserved at the level of 1.15-2.50%, mobile phosphorus was within the optimal range of 0.87-1.60 mg/100 g. It has been concluded that it is important to use the technology of moderate cattle grazing to improve the management of pasture resources, which is the scientific novelty of the research.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variations of Freezing and Thawing Indices From 1960 to 2020 in Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avirmed Dashtseren ◽  
Khurelbaatar Temuujin ◽  
Sebastian Westermann ◽  
Altangerel Batbold ◽  
Yondon Amarbayasgalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Desert Steppes ◽  
Major River ◽  
River Valleys

Mongolia is one of the most sensitive regions to climate change, located in the transition of several natural and permafrost zones. Long-term trends in air freezing and thawing indices can therefore enhance our understanding of climate change. This study focuses on changes of the spatiotemporal patterns in air freezing and thawing indices over Mongolia from 1960 to 2020, using observations at 30 meteorological stations. Our results shows that the freezing index ranges from −945.5 to −4,793.6°C day, while the thawing index ranges from 1,164.4 to 4,021.3°C day over Mongolia, and their spatial patterns clearly link to the latitude and altitude. During the study period, the trend in the thawing index (14.4°C-day per year) was larger than the trend in the freezing index (up to −10.1°C-day per year), which results in the net increase of air temperature by 2.4°C across Mongolia. Overall, the increase in the thawing index was larger in the low latitudes and altitudes (e.g., the Gobi-desert, steppes, the Great lake depression and major river valleys) than in high latitudes and altitudes (mountain regions), while it was the opposite for the freezing index. The highest values for both thawing index and freezing index (i.e. the least negative values) have occurred during the last 2 decades. As the trends in the freezing and thawing indices and mean annual air temperature confirm intensive climate warming, increased permafrost degradation and shallower seasonally frozen ground are expected throughout Mongolia.

Classification of the floodplain meadows of the Seym and the Dnieper river valleys in the north-eastern part of Ukraine

Biologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Mykola Kozyr ◽  
Olexander Senchylo
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
North Eastern Part

Desert sagebrush-bunchgrass steppes of Central Kazakhstan

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Rachkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Missing Information ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
South West ◽  
West Part ◽  
Desert Steppes ◽  
Feather Grass ◽  
Southern Border

The considerable vegetation researches of the Kazakhstan steppes were realized in 1957–1959, 1964–1968. The vast materials with relevés of desert steppes’ communities were collected in according to the generally accepted methods of geobotanical investigations either with assistance of detailed field routes or at the scientific stations (Kratkoe…, 1952; Polevaya… 1964). Some data about foremost northern types of Kazakhstan steppes (Isachenko, Rachkovskaya, 1961) and desert steppes of one region only (i. e. south-west part of the Central Kazakhstan Melkosopochnik) were published earlier (Biokompleksnye …, 1969). This article is an effort to complete the missing information about desert sagebrush–bunchgrass steppe of Central Kazakhstan through its full characteristics and classification. The desert sagebrush-feather grass steppe is the foremost southern type of steppes confined to light chestnut soils; its southern border coincides to the border between steppes and deserts (it’s about 48° N for Kazakhstan). Melkosopochnik (hilly, ridgy, and rocky) with relative elevations from 20–50 to 100–150 m is a dominating type of relief in the Central Kazakhstan. The hills are composed of the different rocks: granites, acidic and basic effusive rocks, sandstones and shales.

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