scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Dental Office - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 1931-1939
Author(s):  
Amarshree Amarnath Shetty ◽  
Delisha Yesudas Fernandes ◽  
Amitha Mahesh Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Picture Exchange Communication System ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Behaviour Management ◽  
Masticatory Ability

Over the last few years there has been a growing interest to cater to the requirements of children with special health care needs, especially those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by limited communication skills and an obsessive need for structured patterns. Individuals with a genetic predilection to autism can be provoked by the various prenatal, natal, or post-natal environmental factors. Drugs such as thalidomide, valproic acid and consumption of antidepressants during pregnancy as well as high maternal age and viral infections are known to be prenatal triggers for autism. Autism affects 1 in every 110 children with a significant preponderance of boys to girls with a ratio of 4:1. According to Caries Risk Assessment tool (CAT) adapted by the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, children with ASD are at a high risk for dental caries due to their preference for carious food, pouching of food due to poor masticatory ability combined with inadequate maintenance of oral hygiene and help required for tooth brushing. These children do not behave positively to sudden changes in their environment thus a dental operatory might be intimidating to them. A thorough understanding of the individual’s needs of these patients along with combining various behaviour management techniques will help make their dental treatment a pleasant one. This articles reviews literature on the aetiology and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder with a special emphasis on the health status and issues encountered while treating these children. This study is also an update on the various strategies such as using Applied Behaviour management approaches, Picture Exchange Communication System, Video Pedagogy, Social stories as well as pharmacological ways to communicate and also manage a child with ASD in the dental clinic. KEY WORDS Autism, Oral Health Status, Behaviour Management, Dental Management

Parent Experiences and Perceptions of Safety When Transporting Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Plummer ◽  
Missy Bryan ◽  
Katherine Dullaghan ◽  
Abigail Harris ◽  
Michaela Isenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Child Passenger Safety ◽  
Behavioral Safety ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Passenger Safety

Importance: Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of unintentional deaths of children ages 1 and older, particularly children with health care needs. Objective: To explore family caregivers’ experiences and current practices while transporting children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Design: A concurrent nested mixed-methods approach was used to gain insight into caregiver experiences. Setting: Participants completed an online Qualtrics survey. Participants: A convenience sample of 54 caregivers of children with ASD from 17 U.S. states. Results: Themes that emerged include sensory behaviors of children, education related to child passenger safety, and participation in the community. Statistically significant findings suggest a correlation between caregivers (n = 39) being less likely to participate in activities away from home if the child had attempted to elope (p = .013), displayed aggressive behaviors (p = .005), or demonstrated self-injurious behaviors (p = .001). Conclusions and Relevance: The findings suggest a correlation between caregivers limiting the distance traveled during vehicular transportation and behavioral safety concerns. If caregivers must limit travel, they may refrain from accessing the community and engaging in leisure pursuits. What This Article Adds: The findings suggest that therapists who treat children with ASD should be familiar with child passenger safety restraints, particularly for elopement.

A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of portrayal of autism spectrum disorders in YouTube videos: A short report

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica L Bellon-Harn ◽  
Vinaya Manchaiah ◽  
Lekeitha R Morris
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Youtube Videos

Professionals have expressed concerns about the quality of autism-related information available from Internet-based sources. The purpose of this study was to examine the source, content, usability, and actionability of autism spectrum disorder–related information contained in 100 different videos directed to families of children with autism spectrum disorder uploaded to YouTube. Upload sources were identified, and video content was coded. Understandability and actionability of the videos were examined using Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials. The collective number of views of the videos was almost 100 million. The length of videos was 691.17 min (i.e. 11.5 h) with the shortest video being 30 s and the longest video being 37.36 min. The YouTube videos related to autism spectrum disorder covered a range of issues, although much of the content was focused on signs and symptoms. No difference in content reporting was noted based on sources for most categories, although differences were noted in some categories (e.g. professionals mentioned diagnosis and resources more frequently). Poor understandability and actionability scores (i.e. below 70%) were reported for all videos regardless of video source. However, the videos generated by the professionals were superior in terms of understandability. Study implications and recommendations for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Speech therapy intervention in a teenager with autism spectrum disorder: a case report

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-814
Author(s):  
Taisa Ribeiro de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Andreza Alves Nascimento ◽  
Ariane Damasceno Pellicani ◽  
Geciane Maria Xavier Torres ◽  
Kelly da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Evaluation ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Picture Exchange Communication System ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Autism Treatment

ABSTRACT Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects socio-communicative and behavioral abilities. In the language aspect, there is a greater impairment at the pragmatic level and in non-verbal aspects. The objective of this study was to characterize the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder in an adolescent, pre-and post-speech-language therapy, and describe the process of speech-language intervention using Picture Exchange Communication System allied to the principles of behavioral analysis applied to language. The Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist with the parents was applied. Then, a therapeutic program of 14 sessions of 50 minutes was developed, one per week, and then the questionnaire was reapplied. In the course of the therapeutic process, it was possible to observe an increase in the number of figure exchanges independently, an increase in the number of vocalizations with communicative intention or functional speech, longer time of visual contact and social smile, reduction of inappropriate behaviors with a significant improvement in the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist score.

General practice encounters for young patients with autism spectrum disorder in Australia

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty-Rose Foley ◽  
Allan J Pollack ◽  
Helena C Britt ◽  
Nicholas G Lennox ◽  
Julian N Trollor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Reason For Encounter ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
Reasons For Encounter

This study compared the patient demographics and reasons for encounter in general practice for patients <25 years with and without an autism spectrum disorder identified as a reason for encounter and/or problem managed. The Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health programme collected information about clinical activities in Australian general practice. Each year, the programme recruited a random sample of 1000 general practitioners, each of whom collected data for 100 consecutive consultations (encounters). Encounters with patients <25 years, where at least one autism spectrum disorder was recorded as a reason for encounter and/or a problem managed (n = 579), were compared with all other encounters (n = 281,473) from April 2000 to March 2014 inclusive. Data were age–sex standardised. Patients at autism spectrum disorder encounters (compared to non-autism spectrum disorder encounters) were more likely to be younger and male. There was a dramatic rise in the number of general practitioner consultations at autism spectrum disorder encounters from 2000 to 2013. More reasons for encounter were recorded at autism spectrum disorder encounters than at non-autism spectrum disorder encounters (156.4 (95% confidence interval: 144.0–168.8) and 140.5 (95% confidence interval: 140.0–141.0), respectively). At autism spectrum disorder (vs non-autism spectrum disorder) encounters, there were more psychological, general and unspecified, and social reasons for encounter and fewer preventive and acute health reasons for encounter. People with an autism spectrum disorder have complex health care needs that require a skilled general practice workforce.

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