scholarly journals Comparison of Antimicrobial Potency Assay of Common Antibiotic Prophylaxis Drugs Recommended in Dentistry for Preventing Infective Endocarditis - An Invitro Study from Chennai, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (31) ◽  
pp. 2384-2389
Author(s):  
Poornachitra Poornachitra ◽  
Jayanth Kumar Vadivel ◽  
Geetha R. V ◽  
Subha Manoharan
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Antimicrobial Potency

BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis [IE] prophylaxis is recommended for all dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation of the oral mucosa. The study intended to compare the antimicrobial potency of amoxicillin, cephalexin, and clindamycin against Streptococcus mutans, the common causative organism of dental infections. The objective was to assess the potency of recommended choice of antibiotics and its efficacy among each other in infective endocarditis prophylaxis during dental procedures. METHODS Saliva samples [N = 20] were collected from patients susceptible for IE and Streptococcus mutans was cultured in Infusion Agar. The principle used in this study was based on the Kirby - Bauer disc diffusion Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test [AST] Method and minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]. In this method, the three HiMedia antibiotic discs of amoxicillin, cephalexin and clindamycin were loaded and assessed for measurable “zone of inhibition” against mutans. RESULTS One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of zone of inhibition of each disc. The test was statistically significant with F value of 4.093 at P value 0.038. Post hoc analysis was conducted using Tukey’s HSD test as one-way ANOVA was statistically significant. The mean difference of 13.16 mm between amoxicillin and cephalexin was found to be statistically significant at P value 0.041 with lower and upper bound at 0.527 and 25.806 respectively. The mean difference of 2.65 mm between amoxicillin and clindamycin and - 10.50 mm between cephalexin and clindamycin was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Amoxicillin showed to be more potent among the antibiotics chosen for this study. Clindamycin showed to be a better alternative to cephalexin and could be the first choice in case of patients allergic to penicillin group of drugs. KEY WORDS Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Infective Endocarditis, Antimicrobial Potency, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC], Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test [AST], Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Method

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Ipomoea pes-caprae L. against Selected Microbial Species

2019 ◽  
pp. 616-623
Author(s):  
Christhu Uthayam M ◽  
P. Vijayarengan
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
The Mean

In the present investigation, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves of Ipomea pes-caprae were studied for the antibacterial and antifungal activities against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus pumilus, B. subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia fungal strains such as Aspergillus niger, A. fumigates and A. flavus and the results are presented. The mean zone of inhibition for bacteria ranged from 8.5 to 25.6 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentrations were from 15.62 to 500 µg/mL and 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL respectively. The standard drug, Ciprofloxacin (10 µg/disc) was used for standard bacterial strains and recorded mean zone of inhibition ranged from 23.5 to 29.5 mm. The mean zone of inhibition for Aspergillus species ranged from 9.6 to 21.5 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentrations were from 31.25 to 500 µg /mL and 62.5 to 1000 µg/mL respectively. The standard drug, Ketoconazole (5 µg/disc) was used for Aspergillus species and recorded mean zone of inhibition ranged from 23.5 mm to 26.5 mm.

ANTIFUNGAL TOPICAL GEL OF LEAF EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS L. FOR TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
A. P. Pandit ◽  
◽  
K. S. Khandagale ◽  
V. C Nakhate ◽  
N. N Dharmadhikari
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Cutaneous Candidiasis

The objective of the study was to prepare antifungal gel using leaves of Amaranthus viridis for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. The leaves were studied for pharmacognostic evaluation. The powder of leaves was tested for phytoconstituents. The plant extract was evaluated for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and antifungal activity. Gel was prepared and evaluated for pH, viscosity, homogeneity and grittiness. MIC and MFC of extract were both found to be 600 mg. The zone of inhibition of extract was obtained at 21.2±0.2mm, which confirmed antifungal activity, due to presence of phenolic compound. Gel exhibited good antifungal activity, good spreadability, extrudability and high viscosity. Thus, gel loaded with leaves extract of A. viridis is a good choice for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.

scholarly journals Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Cola milleni seed and pulp extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
A.M. Aliyu ◽  
S.J. Oluwafemi ◽  
S. Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Penicillium Notatum ◽  
Standard Techniques

All over the world, hundreds of plants have been identified based on researchers and experimental evidence as good sources of medicinal agents. The bioactive components (phytochemicals) of both the seeds and pulp of Cola milleni were extracted using ethanol as solvent. The bioactive components detected were alkaloids, tanins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, resins and terpenes while Flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthracyanides and phenol were not detected for both the seed and pulps. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract (Seed and pulp) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum was carried out using standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest zone of inhibition for pulp having a range of 9.7mm±0.58mm - 19.7mm±2.52mm while Penicllium notatum had the least with 0.00mm. S.aureus also had the highest zone of inhibition range of 14.3mm±2.08mm - 21.3mm±1.53mm for the seed extract while penicillium had the least inhibition range of 5.0mm±1.00mm - 5.7mm±0.58. E.coli showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration with ethanol extract of the pulp (160mg/ml) while penicillium notatum was not reactive. The minimum inhibitory concentration of seed against penillium notatum was the highest (160mg/ml) while staphylococcus aureus showed the lowest of 40mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity is as a result of the presence of phytochemicals detected, which suggest the use of the plant for the treatment of diseases caused by these organisms. Key words: Cola millenii, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Fungi

scholarly journals The Inhibitory Effect of Clindamycin onLactobacillus in vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Aroutcheva ◽  
Jose A. Simoes ◽  
Susan Shott ◽  
Sebastian Faro
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Effect On Growth

Objective:To evaluate thein vitroeffect of varying concentrations of clindamycin onLactobacillusspp.Methods: Concentrations of clindamycin ranging from 1.95–20 000 mg/ml were studied for their effect on the growth of six strains ofLactobacillus.Results:Clindamycin concentrations between 1.95–31.25 mg/ml had no statistically significant effect on growth of lactobacilli (p> 0.05). Concentrations 125 and 250 mg/ml had a bacteriostatic effect. The mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for studiedLactobacillusstrains was determined as 1000 mg/ml.Conclusion:High concentrations of clindamycin achieved in the vagina by intravaginal application might be inhibitory forLactobacillus.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bulb Extracts of Crinum jagus for Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
T.T. Alawode ◽  
L. Lajide ◽  
B.J. Owolabi ◽  
M.T. Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

This study investigates the bulb extracts of Crinum jagus for antimicrobial activities. The bulb samples were dried, ground and subjected to successive extraction using hexane, ethylacetate and methanol. The extracts were screened for activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebisidlae pneumonae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum and Rhizopus stolonifer at concentrations between 6.25 and 200 mg/ml. Antimicrobial assays werecarried out using agar diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined. The percentage yields obtained for the hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of the bulbs are 0.28 %, 0.44% and 24.68 % respectively. Results showed that the methanolic extract had better antibacterial and antifungal activities than the other extracts. The methanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition of 28 mm at 200 mg/ml. Also, the methanol extract showed the highest antifungal activities against C. albicans, A. niger and P. notatum with a zone of inhibition of 20 mm at 200 mg/ml. The hexane and ethylacetate extracts had no activity against the microorganisms at 6.25 mg/ml.The methanol extract had the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 2.50 mg/ml against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi. The methanol extract could be a source of potent antimicrobial compounds. Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Crinum jagus, Agar diffusion, MIC

scholarly journals SCREENING, ISOLATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING BACTERIA OBTAINED FROM SAPROPHYTIC SOIL SAMPLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Rajendran ◽  
Dhamodharan N ◽  
Dhivya C
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Test ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Studies

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of the study was conducted to screen and isolate potential antibiotic producing bacteria from saprophytic soils collected fromPotheri and Nandiambakkam.Methods: Soil was collected aseptically and subjected to serial dilution. Crowded plate technique was used for the isolation of the colony. Totallyseven isolates were isolated and were screened for their antibacterial activity. The three isolates (S2A, S2B, and S3A) having better zone of inhibitionwere selected for morphological, microscopical, and biochemical test to prove their validity. The selected isolates were partially purified. The partiallypurified samples further screened for antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the isolates, which shown good zone ofinhibition were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing studies to determine the species.Results: The isolates screened based on size of the zone formed. Best isolate selected by zone of inhibition was subjected to antibacterial activity,morphological, microscopical, and biochemical test, partial purification of three isolates and further screened for antibacterial and MIC. The isolateshowed good zone of inhibition compared to others by MIC was selected for 16S rRNA sequencing studies. Genomic DNA extracted from isolate S2Bconforms it belongs to Pseudomonas species which is named as Pseudomonas putida 2435.Conclusion: The research work revealed that the three isolates showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.The S2B isolate was confirmed to P. putida 2435 by 16S rRNA studies.Keywords: Isolation of soil microbes, Biochemical characterization, Antimicrobial activity, Minimum inhibitory concentration, 16S rRNA sequencing,Pseudomonas putida.

scholarly journals Different of Cholesterol Levels in Cigarette Smokers and Electronic Cigarette

Biomedika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Norma Farizah Fahmi ◽  
Sitti Zahratul Uyuni
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Blood Lipid Levels

Smoking causes an increase in cholesterol in the blood. It is well known that tobacco contains nicotine has a considerable influence on the increase of blood lipid levels. Normally, lipids play an important role in all aspects of biological life, but excessive cholesterol causes changes in lipid composition, induces ROS formation and lipid oxidation. This process can also cause damage to proteins and DNA, changing cellular function, which causes tissue damage. This research using  analytic survey, with analytic cross sectional design with 30 subjects. The mean cholesterol level between tobacco smokers is 210.0 mg / dl and electric smokers is 123.73 mg / dl. The average difference in cholesterol levels among smokers was tested using One way ANOVA, p value = 0.000 (p <0.05). The cholesterol level of the tobacco smoker group was significantly higher when compared to the electronic smoker group.

scholarly journals A Review on Natural Food Supplements‐ Ginger and Garlic

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1252
Author(s):  
Ananya Ramesh ◽  
Monisha M ◽  
Swathi Krishna S
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Analysis of the antimicrobial effects of the extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) against microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli were done. These extracts are known to be household medicines used to cure aliments like sore throat, cold, indigestion etc. The results and data collected from these experiments can be used to synthesize plant based medicines and food supplements.100% pure extract of ginger and garlic is prepared and diluted using distilled water to give varying concentrations ( 5%, 25%,50% and 75%) this is used to study the minimum inhibitory concentration, the minimum lethal concentration and the zone of inhibition. Once the minimum inhibitory concentration is verified, a food supplement can be formulated which can be put in empty gelatin or vegetarian capsules and can bring forward a necessary food supplement which will prove beneficial to the society in terms of nutrition.

Association of Curve of Spee with Vertical Skeletal Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Saad Abdul Rehman ◽  
◽  
Sadia Rizwan ◽  
Syed Shah Faisal ◽  
Syed Sheeraz Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Curve Of Spee ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Line Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dent Assoc ◽  
One Way Anova

OBJECTIVE: To find the mean curve spee depth and association in three different skeletal vertical patterns (Hypodivergent, Normodivergent and Hyperdivergent). METHODOLOGY: Orthodontic models of mandibular arch and Lateral cephalogram of 110 patients with the mean age of 17.16±4 years, 26.4% (N=29) males and 73.6% (N=81) females were taken from the patients who visited for the orthodontic treatment, to the Department of Orthodontics of Karachi Medical and Dental College. Skeletal divergence defined by the mandibular plane (Lower border of mandible) to sella-nasion line angle (SN-MP). It was measured on lateral cephalogram and Curve of spee depth measured on mandibular cast. RESULTS:Out of 110 patients 20.9% (N= 23) were hypodivergent, 29.1% (N=32) were normodivergent and 50% (N=55) were hyperdivergent. The curve of spee among these three groups were 3.39±0.30mm, 2.62±0.23mm and 2.02±0.45mm. One-way ANOVA has been applied and it showed highly significant differences in the value of curve of spee depth among three vertical skeletal patterns with the p-value of 0.000. Moving from Hypodivergent to Hyperdivergent cases, the curve of Spee depth reduces. CONCLUSION: It has been found that there is a significant difference in curve of spee among hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent patients. KEYWORDS: Dentistry, Curve of Spee, Vertical Skeletal Patterns, Orthodontic Diagnosis. HOW TO CITE: Rehman SA, Rizwan S, Faisal SS, Hussain SS. Association of curve of spee with vertical skeletal patterns. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):254-258.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document