EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITIES AND FRAILTY IN SPAIN: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF OBESITY?

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. RODRÍGUEZ LÓPEZ ◽  
P. MONTERO ◽  
M. CARMENATE
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Educational Gradient

Background: Evaluate how obesity is associated with the development of frailty among older adults isimportant. However, few studies have examined the relation between obesity and frailty within differenteducational backgrounds. Objectives:This study aims to investigate the association between educational leveland frailty and to evaluate whether obesity explains any possible associations among Spanish adults. Design,participants and settings:This is a cross-sectional study including 2,319 50-years-old and older community-dwelling Spanish adults, who participated in the first wave (2004/05) of the Survey of Health, Ageing andRetirement in Europe (SHARE). Measurements:Educational differences in frailty phenotypes –defined by theSHARE’s operationalized criterion– and their association with obesity –estimated through self-reports of weightand height– were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results:Women experienced frailtyin a larger proportion than men (22.3% vs. 13.3%). After adjusting for all confounders, we found a markededucational gradient in frailty, where individuals with non-formal education showed increased odds of a frailtyphenotype than individuals with higher education. Moreover, obesity was significantly related to frailty and theeffect of obesity is similar at all levels of education after testing for interaction effects. Although there is amediation effect of obesity, the educational gradient in frailty is robust to controls for obesity. Conclusions:Ourfindings suggest a somehow independent effect of both educational background and obesity on frailty amongSpanish individuals. This adds to the evidence of the frailty-obesity association among different educationalbackgrounds, and has implications for future interventions leading to reduce health disparities in elders.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIGH LEVELS OF PARATHYROID HORMONE AND FRAILTY: THE NEPEAN OSTEOPOROSIS AND FRAILTY (NOF) STUDY

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
L. Murthy ◽  
P. Dreyer ◽  
P. Suriyaarachchi ◽  
F. Gomez ◽  
C.L. Curcio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Pth

Background: Frailty is associated with poor outcomes hence identification of risks factors is pivotal. Since the independent role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in frailty remains unexplored, we aimed to determine this in a population of older individuals with a history of falling. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Falls and Fracture Clinic, Nepean Hospital (Penrith, Australia). Participants: 692 subjects (mean age=79, 65% women) assessed between 2009-2015. Measurements: Assessment included clinical examination, mood, nutrition, grip strength, gait velocity, bone densitometry and posturography. Chemistry included serum PTH, calcium, vitamin D (25(OH)D3), creatinine and albumin. Normocalcemic subjects were divided into 4 groups: (1) Normal: 25(OH)D3 >50nmol/L and PTH between 1.6-6.8pmol/L; (2) PTH responsive: low 25(OH)D3 (<50nmol/L) and high PTH (>6.8pmol/L); (3) PTH unresponsive: low 25(OH)D3 and normal PTH; (4) Hyper PTH (>6.8pmol/L) with normal 25(OH)D3. Frailty was defined using Fried’s criteria. Difference between the groups was assessed using one-way ANOVA and X2 analysis. Multinomial logistic regression evaluated the association between the groups and the number of Fried’s criteria adjusted for age, BMI, renal function, 25(OH)D3 levels, and albumin. Results: 22.6% subjects had high PTH levels (>6.8pmol/L). All subjects in the high PTH groups had significantly lower grip strength, gait velocity, limits of stability, and higher BMI. The PTH responsive group had a higher risk of pre-frailty (β=3.8, 95% CI = 3.42 – 5.22, p< 0.01) and frailty (β=8.26, 95% CI = 2.8-16.1, p<0.01). The risk of frailty was also higher in the Hyper PTH group (β=2.3, 95% CI = 1.74-4.32, p<0.01). Conclusion: We have reported an independent association of high PTH levels with high number of falls and with the clinical components of physical frailty in community dwelling older persons. Our results suggest a possible role of PTH in frailty that deserves further exploration.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices among Domestic Visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Hashim A. Mahdi ◽  
Hamza M. Assaggaf ◽  
Mohammad Alfelali ◽  
Omar B. Ahmed ◽  
Radi Alsafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Graduate Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study aimed to assess hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices of visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Using a self-administered electronic questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among domestic residents, who visited the mosque between 31 July and 3 August 2020. Participants’ demographic data, hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices were collected. Four hundred participants aged 18–65 (median 36) years completed the survey, of which 215 (53.8%) were female. The visitors’ mean knowledge score about hand hygiene was 6.4 (± standard deviation (SD) 1.35) of total 12. Most participants (392, 98%) were aware of the role of hand hygiene in preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); nevertheless, 384 (96%) said hand hygiene lowers body immunity and 316 (79%) thought <60% alcohol is sufficient for hand disinfection. Males had a higher knowledge score than females (6.46 (±1.41) vs. 6.14 (±1.27), p = 0.02) and, visitors who had no formal education scored higher than those with post-graduate education (6.88 (±1.45) vs 5.73 (±1.12), p = 0.01). Washing hands with soap and water was the predominant method practiced after a meal (365, 91.7%), after toilet visit (354, 88.5%), after touching a surface (262, 65.7%), after waste disposal (332, 83.2%), and when hands were visibly dirty (357, 89.5%). Al Madinah visitors had moderate knowledge about hand hygiene, but demonstrated some knowledge gaps and negligence in practice that are crucial to curb the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Role of Demographic Characteristics and Spiritual Dimensions in Predicting Empathy: A Study in Muslim Pre-Service Teachers

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fifi Khoirul Fitriyah ◽  
Nur Hidayah ◽  
Muslihati Muslihati ◽  
Im Hambali ◽  
Mursyidul Ibad
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Spirituality Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

Although many studies have examined the relationship between spirituality and empathy, very few studies have focused on demographic and spiritual dimensions in influencing empathy for pre-service teachers. This study analyzes the effect of gender, age, and years of formal education on spirituality and empathy and analyzes the influence of the spiritual dimensions on empathy. This research is a cross-sectional study, with 319 Muslim pre-service teachers as respondents. The data collection technique used an online questionnaire adapted from the Spirituality Assessment Scale (SAS) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The results show that age affects spirituality, while empathy is influenced by age and gender. One unanticipated finding was that years of formal education had no effect on either spirituality or empathy. The most important finding of this study is the higher the level of innerness, the more likely it is to have high empathy. This study's findings are useful as an assessment material and creating counseling designs to increase empathy for pre-service teachers. This is a part of forming the ideal profile of counselors in schools later. Integrating Islamic values ​​is also an essential alternative in counseling for Muslims.

scholarly journals Factors associated with risk of malnutrition in the elderly in south-eastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Damião ◽  
Álvaro da Silva Santos ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Paulo Rossi Menezes
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition risk and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and health characteristics in the community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional study with individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Socioeconomic, behavioral, and health information was also collected from all participants. The association between each variable and the risk of malnutrition was calculated and adjusted using Poisson hierarchical regression. Results: The initial sample consisted of 3,101 elderly people, of whom 28.3% (95%CI 25.3 - 31.4%) were at risk of malnutrition. The multivariate analysis showed that the risk of malnutrition was significantly higher in women without formal education, who did not live with a partner, and identified as black-skinned. The risk of malnutrition was twice as high in individuals with no family income as compared to those who earned at least three minimum wages. Smokers were also more likely to be at risk of malnutrition than individuals who had never smoked. Participants suffering from kidney, respiratory or heart disease were at higher risk of malnutrition than those with no history of such illnesses. Conclusion: These findings could be used to help in the development of health policies and in the establishment of adequate programs aimed at reducing the risk of malnutrition in this population.

scholarly journals Is there an association between ageist attitudes and frailty?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Salguero ◽  
Juliana Ferri-Guerra ◽  
Nadeem Y. Mohammed ◽  
Dhanya Baskaran ◽  
Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Frailty Status

Abstract Background Frailty is defined as a state of vulnerability to stressors that is associated with higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilization in older adults. Ageism is “a process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old.” Explicit biases involve deliberate or conscious controls, while implicit bias involve unconscious processes. Multiple studies show that self-directed ageism is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether explicit ageist attitudes are associated with frailty in Veterans. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of Veterans 50 years and older who completed the Kogan’s Attitudes towards Older People Scale (KAOP) scale to assess explicit ageist attitudes and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to evaluate implicit ageist attitudes from July 2014 through April 2015. We constructed a frailty index (FI) of 44 variables (demographics, comorbidities, number of medications, laboratory tests, and activities of daily living) that was retrospectively applied to the time of completion of the KAOP and IAT. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression models with frailty status (robust, prefrail and frail) as the outcome variable, and with KAOP and IAT scores as the independent variables. Age, race, ethnicity, median household income and comorbidities were considered as covariates. Results Patients were 89.76% male, 48.03% White, 87.93% non-Hispanic and the mean age was 60.51 (SD = 7.16) years. The proportion of robust, pre-frail and frail patients was 11.02% (n = 42), 59.58% (n = 227) and 29.40% (n = 112) respectively. The KAOP was completed by 381 and the IAT by 339 participants. In multinomial logistic regression, neither explicit ageist attitudes (KAOP scale score) nor implicit ageist attitudes (IAT) were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans after adjusting for covariates: OR = .98 (95% CI = .95–1.01), p = .221, and OR:=.97 (95% CI = .37–2.53), p = .950 respectively. Conclusions This study shows that neither explicit nor implicit ageist attitudes were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans. Further longitudinal and larger studies with more diverse samples and measured with other ageism scales should evaluate the independent contribution of ageist attitudes to frailty in older adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Potential Predictors of Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older Persons in Northern Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payom Thinuan ◽  
Penprapa Siviroj ◽  
Peerasak Lerttrakarnnon ◽  
Thaworn Lorga
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slow Walking ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Lower Education

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of frailty among Thai older persons. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 1806 older persons aged 60 years or older. Frailty was assessed by Fried’s frailty phenotypes, which consists of five criteria, namely, unintended weight loss, exhaustion, slow walking, weak handgrip and decreased physical activity. Older people who met 3 in 5, 1–2 in 5, and none of the criteria were considered frail, pre-frail and non-frail respectively. The prevalence was calculated and multinomial logistic regression was performed. Prevalence rates of frailty, pre-frailty and non-frailty were 13.9% (95% CI 9.9 to 18.8), 50.9% (95% CI 47.5 to 54.1) and 35.1% (95% CI 31.5 to 39.9), respectively. Increasing age, lower education, having no spouse, poorer health perception, increasing number of comorbidities, osteoarthritis and smaller mid-arm circumference increased the risk of frailty (p < 0.001). The prevalence of geriatric frailty syndrome in this study was much higher than that of developed countries but was lower than that of less developed countries. Factors associated with frailty reflect common characteristics of disadvantaged older persons in Thailand.

Evaluating the Relationship Between Olfactory Function and Loneliness in Community-Dwelling Individuals: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 194589242095836
Author(s):  
Vincent M. Desiato ◽  
Zachary M. Soler ◽  
Shaun A. Nguyen ◽  
Craig Salvador ◽  
Jonathan B. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Olfactory Discrimination ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Background Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been reported to impact social interactions. However, the relationship between OD and loneliness has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between OD and loneliness, controlling for patient factors. Methods Subjects without otolaryngic complaints were enrolled and olfactory function was assessed using: Sniffin’ Sticks test to measure threshold, discrimination and identification (TDI), Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders Negative Statements (QOD-NS) and 9 – item Olfactory-Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Loneliness was assessed using the De Jong Gierveld (DJG) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scales. Bivariate analysis was performed followed by regression analysis, controlling for confounders. Results In total, 221 subjects were included with a mean age of 50.5 years (range 20 to 93), 133 (60.2%) females and 161 (72.9%) white. Mean TDI score was 29.3 (7.0) and 49.5% of the cohort was dysosmic. Using DJG, 36.4% of the cohort were classified as lonely, whereas 35.0% were lonely using UCLA. Olfactory measures were significantly associated with DJG, including TDI (β = −0.03, p = 0.050), olfactory discrimination (β = −0.111, p = 0.005), QOD-NS (β = 0.058, p < 0.001) and olfactory-VAS (β = 0.032, p < 0.001). UCLA scores were significantly associated with QOD-NS (PR 1.061 [CI 1.018–1.107], p = 0.005) and olfactory-VAS scores (PR 1.027, [CI 1.007–1.049], p = 0.009). After controlling for confounders, the association between DJG and olfactory discrimination, as well as DJG and olfactory-VAS remained significant. Conclusions In this community-based sample of older adults, both OD and loneliness were common. Those subjects with worse olfactory function were more likely to report loneliness. Further research is necessary to establish causality, as well as explore the role of depression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of frailty and associated factors among Saudi community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader A. Alqahtani ◽  
Aqeel M. Alenazi ◽  
Mohammed M. Alshehri ◽  
Ahmed M. Osailan ◽  
Saud F. Alsubaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Prevalence of frailty has been previously established in different Western countries; however, the prevalence and the burden of in the aging populations of Saudi Arabia has not been examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of frailty, and associated factors among Saudi older population. Methods The study included a total of 486 community-dwelling elderly adults aged 60 years and over living in the Riyadh area. This study took place from August 2019 to June 2020. The prevalence of frailty was determined using the Fried’s frailty phenotype. Association between sociodemographic features and clinical factors and frailty was estimated by Odds Ratio and confidence intervals (OR, IC 95%) using a multinomial logistic regression model. Results The overall prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty were 47.3 and 21.4%, respectively. The following factors were associated with being frail: age (OR: 6.92; 95%CI 3.11–15.41); living alone (OR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.12–5.59); had more chronic conditions (OR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16–3.30); and cognitive impairment (OR: 7.07; 95%CI: 3.92–12.74). Conclusions The Compared with other populations, the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia was high. The implications of frailty in this population should be discussed in future study.

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