scholarly journals Influence of additional polymerization in the microhardness of direct composite resins

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Henrique L. Lombardo ◽  
Cristiane F. Carvalho ◽  
Graziela Galhano ◽  
Rodrigo Othávio A. Souza ◽  
Lafayete N. Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Tukey Test

Objective: To evaluate different methods of additional polymerization in the Vickers’ microhardness of three composite resins. Material and Methods: With assistance of a metallic matrix (3 x 4mm), 30 specimens (sps) of each direct resin composite (drc) were prepared, entitled: Filtek Z250(3M ESPE, Saint Paul/MN-USA)(Gr1), W3D(Wilcos, Petrópolis/ RJ-Brazil)(Gr2), and EstheticX (Dentsply/York/PA-USA)(Gr3). All sps were photopolimerized, by the incremental technique, during 40 seconds (Gr1 - n=10: control). After that, 20 samples of each group were divided and half of the samples (n=10) were submitted to the additional polymerization during 15 minutes to 127ºC in autoclave (Gr2) and the other half in stove (Gr3). After all sps were stored in distilled water (37ºC/24 hours). The microhardness was accomplished in digital machine (Future-Tech, FM 700 Model), with 50kg of load. The data obtained (Kg/mm2) were analyzed utilizing the ANOVA Test (2 factors) and Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: The values of mean ± standar  deviations obtained were: Gr1a(84,2±5,1), Gr1b (71,6±6,7), Gr1c (89,6±7,4), Gr2a (101,1±6,0), Gr2b (96,4±9,0), Gr2c (112,6±7,3), Gr3a (74,0±6,5), Gr3b (66,0±12,7) e Gr3c (81,7±6,5). The polymerization in stove produced a higher microhardness than the other kinds of polymerization (p<0.05) and the microhardness of the resins statistically differed among them (p<0.05). Conclusion: The additional polymerization of the Filtek Z250 in the stove produced microhardness statistically higher than the others.

Effect of Tooth-Whitening Procedures on Stained Composite Resins

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Reinhardt ◽  
MM Balbierz ◽  
CM Schultz ◽  
B Simetich ◽  
MW Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Final Composite

SUMMARY In this laboratory study, a composite resin was stained to a visibly discernible level using both coffee and red wine over 14 days (change was considered clinically noticeable and significant when ΔEab*≥2.7). Color change was measured at one, three, seven, and 14 days of staining. Although the nature of color change was different for the two staining solutions, the overall degree of staining (ΔEab*) rendered by either coffee or wine at each time interval was not significantly different (p≥0.05). Four whitening protocols were applied to stained composites. Treatment included applications of distilled water (control), Crest Pro-Health [HD] toothpaste, Crest Whitestrips, Opalescence PF bleach (15%), and application of a fine pumice polishing (Preppies). HD toothpaste and Whitestrips were applied daily for 21 days, Opalescence was applied daily for 10 days, and polishing was applied once. Each of the whitening products, applied in a manner simulating at-home or in-office treatment, was effective in producing color improvements (lightening) over controls (p&lt;0.05), but none of the four treatments produced lightening that was significantly different from the other treatments (p≥0.05). A comparison of final composite color with that measured at baseline showed that Opalescence returned composite color to an acceptable level following exposure to both staining solutions (ΔEab*&lt;2.7), Whitestrips returned color close to baseline for wine-stained composites, and HD paste and polishing permitted residual stain to remain (ΔEab*≥2.7).

Uso do Pião-Roxo (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) para Controle Biológico de Gorgulhos do Feijão (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Paula Iraile Fernades Torres ◽  
Adriana Dantas Gonzaga de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
The One ◽  
Jatropha Gossypiifolia ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say

Dentre as plantas com atividade inseticida, destaca-se o Pião-roxo (Jatropha gossypiifolia L), suas folhas possuem ácidos orgânicos, alcaloides, diterpenos, esteroides, flavonoides, lignanas e taninos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o potencial inseticida do J. gossypiifolia L para controle biológico de gorgulhos do feijão (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say). Foram preparados extratos com o uso do soxhlet tendo como solvente álcool etílico P.A. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir da diluição do extrato com água destilada, resultando nas concentrações 1:0,1:1/2,1:1,1:11/2 e 1:2. As placas foram pulverizadas com borrifadores manuais contendo os extratos, em suas respectivas concentrações. Em seguida, foram repassados 5 gorgulhos para cada placa. As observações foram realizadas durante 5 dias totalizando (120 horas). A testemunha foi pulverizada com água destilada. Todas as concentrações analisadas causaram mortalidade dos gorgulhos, a concentração 1:0 mostrouse como a mais eficiente em relação às outras concentrações, nessa concentração nas primeiras 24h do início dos testes em que se obteve 100% de mortalidade dos gorgulhos. As concentrações 1:1/2, 1:1 e 1:11/2 também se mostraram eficazes atingindo 100% da mortalidade dos gorgulhos, após 48h do início dos testes e a 1:2 foi a que atingiu uma menor taxa de mortalidade dos gorgulhos (80%) em comparação com as outras concentrações, todos os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste Tukey. Tal resultado agrega maior valor econômico e ecológico a esses produtos, que podem ser encontrados na maioria das propriedades rurais e por esses extratos botânicos apresentarem vantagens sobre os agrotóxicos por serem biodegradáveis.Palavras-chave: Inseticida Botânico. Controle Alternativo. Gorgulhos. Feijão.AbstractAmong the plants with insecticidal activity, it is worth mentioning the Purple Python (Jatropha gossypiifolia L), its leaves contain organic acids, alkaloids, diterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, lignans and tannins. This work aimed to investigate the insecticidal potential of J. gossypiifolia L for biological control of bean weevils (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say). The extracts were obtained from the dilution of the extract with distilled water resulting in the concentrations (1: 0.1: 1 / 2.1: 1.1: 11/2 And 1: 2). Plates were sprayed with hand sprays containing the extracts at their respective concentrations. Five weevils were then fed to each plate. Observations were performed for 5 days totaling (120 hours). The control was sprayed with distilled water. All the analyzed concentrations caused the weevils mortality, the concentration (1: 0) showed to be the most efficient in relation to the other concentrations, in that concentration in the first 24 hours of the beginning of the tests 100% mortality of the weevils was obtained. The concentrations 1: 1/2, 1: 1 and 1: 11/2 were also effective reaching 100% of the weevils mortality after 48h of the beginning of the tests and 1: 2 was the one that reached a lower mortality rate of the weevils (80%) compared to the other concentrations, all data were subjected to the Tukey test. This result adds greater economic and ecological value to these products, which can be found in most rural properties and because these botanical extracts have advantages over agrochemicals because they are biodegradable.Keywords: Insecticides Botanical. Alternative Control. Weevils. Bean.

scholarly journals Influence of light curing source on microhardness of composite resins of different shades

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Fraga Briso ◽  
Tânia Maria Fedel ◽  
Sibéria de Morais Pereira ◽  
Sílvio José Mauro ◽  
Renato Herman Sundfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Hardness Values

INTRODUCTION: The evolution of light curing units can be noticed by the different systems recently introduced. The technology of LED units promises longer lifetime, without heating and with production of specific light for activation of camphorquinone. However, further studies are still required to check the real curing effectiveness of these units. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the microhardness of 4 shades (B-0.5, B-1, B-2 and B-3) of composite resin Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) after light curing with 4 light sources, being one halogen (Ultralux - Dabi Atlante) and three LED (Ultraled - Dabi Atlante, Ultrablue - DMC and Elipar Freelight - 3M ESPE). METHODS: 192 specimens were distributed into 16 groups, and materials were inserted in a single increment in cylindrical templates measuring 4mm x 4mm and light cured as recommended by the manufacturer. Then, they were submitted to microhardness test on the top and bottom aspects of the cylinders. RESULTS: The hardness values achieved were submitted to analysis of variance and to Tukey test at 5% confidence level. It was observed that microhardness of specimens varied according to the shade of the material and light sources employed. The LED appliance emitting greater light intensity provided the highest hardness values with shade B-0.5, allowing the best curing. On the other hand, appliances with low light intensity were the least effective. It was also observed that the bottom of specimens was more sensitive to changes in shade. CONCLUSION: Light intensity of LED light curing units is fundamental for their good functioning, especially when applied in resins with darker shades.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of different application techniques on microhardness in bulk-fill composite resins

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Muhammet Fidan ◽  
Hakan Yasin Gönder
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different application techniques on microhardness in one universal resin material and three different bulk-fill composite resin materials. Materials and Methods: In this study, one universal composite resin (Universal Restorative 200 [U], 3M-ESPE, USA) and three different bulk-fill composite resins (Filtek-One Bulk-Fill Restorative [F]; 3M-ESPE, USA: Tetric Evo-Ceram Bulk-Fill [E]; and Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein; Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill [N], Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein) materials were used. A total of 60 disk-shaped samples, including 20 samples from each bulk-fill composite resin group, were prepared. The polymerization of the bulk-fill composite resins in one group was completed using a 2 mm (40 sec) + 2 mm (40 sec) incremental technique, and in the other group, it was completed using a 4 mm bulk technique (40 sec). The U composite resin (control group) polymerization was completed using a 2 mm + 2 mm (40 sec) incremental technique (n = 10). The Vickers microhardness (VHN) values ​​of the samples were calculated. The data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). Results: Higher VHN values ​​were found in the U composite resin compared to those in the bulk-fill composite resins (p < 0.05). In the bulk technique, a lower VHN value ​​was observed in the N bulk-fill composite resin than in the control group (p < 0.05), while there was no difference between the N and E composite resin groups (p > 0.05). A lower N bulk-fill composite resin was observed in the groups in which the incremental technique was applied than in the control group (p < 0.05). When the techniques applied to the bulk-fill composite resins were evaluated within themselves, higher VHN values ​​were observed in the E composite resin in the group in which the incremental technique was applied but not in the group in which the bulk was applied. Conclusion: It was observed that the content differences of composite resins were effective at different VHN values. The U composite resin (control) group showed higher VHN values than all the bulk-fill composite groups.   How to cite this article: Fidan M, Gönder HY. Investigation of the effect of different application techniques on microhardness in bulk-fill composite resins. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):32-7. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.6   Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

scholarly journals Evaluation of surface roughness and hardness of different glass ionomer cements

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 079-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Bala ◽  
Deniz Hacer Arisu ◽  
Ihsan Yikilgan ◽  
Seda Arslan ◽  
Abdulkadir Gullu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Hardness Values

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate surface roughness and hardness of a nanofiller GIC, a resin-modified GIC, three conventional GICs, and a silver-reinforced GICMethods: For each material, 11 specimens were prepared and then stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. The surface roughness of 5 specimens was measured using a surface profilometer before polishing and after polishing with coarse, medium, fine, superfine aluminum oxide abrasive Sof-Lex discs respectively. The hardness of the upper surfaces of the remaining 6 specimens was measured with a Vickers microhardness measuring instrument.Results: All tested GICs showed lower surface roughness values after the polishing procedure. Surface finish of nanofiller GIC was smoother than the other tested GICs after polishing. This was followed by resin-modified GIC, Fuji II LC; then silver-reinforced GIC, Argion Molar, conventional GICs, Aqua Ionofil Plus, Fuji IX, and Ionofil Molar, respectively. The result of the hardness test indicated that the microhardness value of silver-reinforced GIC was greater than that of the other GICs. When the hardness values of all tested GICs were compared, the differences between materials (except Aqua Ionofil Plus with Ionofil Molar and Ketac N100 with Fuji II LC (P>.05)) were found statistically significant (P<.05).Conclusions: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the differences in the composition of GICs may affect their surface roughness and hardness. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:79-86)

scholarly journals Evaluation of the surface hardness of composite resins before and after polishing at different times

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Alexandra Chinelatti ◽  
Daniela Thomazatti Chimello ◽  
Renata Pereira Ramos ◽  
Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Before And After

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface hardness of six composite resins: Revolution, Natural Flow, Fill Magic Flow, Flow-it! (flowables), Silux Plus (microfilled) and Z100 (minifilled) before and after polishing at different times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this purpose, 240 specimens (5mm diameter, 1.4mm high) were prepared. Vickers hardness was determined before and after polishing at different times: immediately, 24h, 7 and 21 days after preparation of the samples. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS: There was no difference in the hardness of flowable resins, which had lower hardness than the minifilled resin. The minifilled resin showed the highest surface hardness as compared to the other materials (p<0.01). All materials exhibited higher hardness after polishing, being more evident after 7 days. CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that, regardless of the composite resin, surface hardness was considerably increased when polishing was delayed and performed 1 week after preparation of the samples.

scholarly journals Evaluation of surface roughness and color change of a light-cured and a heat-cured acrylic resin employed for fabrication of prosthetic bases after exposure to different types of disinfectants

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Adriana Maria Jorge Dal'acqua Silva ◽  
Joice González Guerrero ◽  
Luciana De Rezende Pinto ◽  
Ricardo Martins Carvalho ◽  
Vinicius Carvalho Porto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Different Types

This study evaluated the changes in surface roughness and color of materials employed in the fabrication of prosthetic bases after immersion in disinfectants. Sixty specimens were fabricated using a round matrix; half of the specimens were fabricated with a heat-cured composite resin, and the other half with a light-cured composite resin. After polishing, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37ºC from 48 to 52 hours, and then submitted to initial tests of surface roughness and color. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups and immersed in the following chemicals: G1 (1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes), G2 (5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes) and G3 (2% acidic glutaraldehyde for 10 minutes). The surface roughness and color tests were once again performed and the specimens were then stored in deionized water at 37ºC for 6 days. On the seventh day, the immersion was repeated; this procedure was performed at every 7 days during 1 month and the tests were repeated after the fourth week. The results were submitted to three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to the Tukey test. Within the same groups of specimens, statistically significant differences were only observed for the light-cured resin, which presented slight changes after exposure to 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde for the interval ΔE2, which indicates differences in reading values between immersion after 30-day storage and the first immersion in the disinfectants.

scholarly journals The Influence of Popular Beverages on Mechanical Properties of Composite Resins

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Leszek Szalewski ◽  
Dorota Wójcik ◽  
Marcin Bogucki ◽  
Jacek Szkutnik ◽  
Ingrid Różyło-Kalinowska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Dental Composite Resins ◽  
The Mean

Currently, composite resins are used in many restorative procedures. Previous studies showed that drinking beverages may affect the mechanical properties such as microhardness or flexural strength of dental composite resins. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of common beverages on the mechanical properties of composite resins. Samples of the materials were prepared according to the ISO 4049:2010 standard and producer’s recommendations. The samples were next conditioned in tested fluids: distilled water, sparkling water, Coca-Cola, Red Bull and orange juice for 7 days. Vickers microhardness and flexural strength testing was performed after 7 days. Performed statistic tests confirmed the significance of microhardness changes of the tested materials in terms of both different conditioning of the samples and different composite materials. The mean flexural strength of composites was highest in distilled water and it was reduced after one week in different beverages. We conclude that all tested beverages influenced on Vickers microhardness of tested composite resins. Flexural strength only in one material was statistically significantly influenced by tested beverages. The results of this study should be taken into consideration by a dentist preparing recommendations for the patients after dental treatment with usage of composite material or after cementing composite based fixed dentures.

scholarly journals Effects of Delayed Finishing/Polishing on Surface Roughness, Hardness and Gloss of Tooth-Coloured Restorative Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 050-056 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ruya Yazici ◽  
Duygu Tuncer ◽  
Sibel Antonson ◽  
Alev Onen ◽  
Evren Kilinc
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Hybrid Resin ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of delayed finishing/polishing on the surface roughness, hardness and gloss of tooth-coloured restorative materials.Methods: Four different tooth-coloured restoratives: a flowable resin composite- Tetric Flow, a hybrid resin composite- Venus, a nanohybrid resin composite- Grandio, and a polyacid modified resin composite- Dyract Extra were used. 30 specimens were made for each material and randomly assigned into three groups. The first group was finished/polished immediately and the second group was finished/polished after 24 hours. The remaining 10 specimens served as control. The surface roughness of each sample was recorded using a laser profilometer. Gloss measurements were performed using a small-area glossmeter. Vickers microhardness measurements were performed from three locations on each specimen surface under 100g load and 10s dwell time. Data for surface roughness and hardness were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test and data for gloss were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P<.05).Results: The smoothest surfaces were obtained under Mylar strip for all materials. While there were no significant differences in surface roughness of immediate and delayed finished/polished Dyract Extra samples, immediately finished/polished Venus and Grandio samples showed significantly higher roughness than the delayed polished samples (P<.05). In Tetric Flow samples, immediately finishing/polishing provided smoother surface than delayed finishing/polishing (P<.05). The highest gloss values were recorded under Mylar strip for all materials. While delayed finishing/polishing resulted in a significantly higher gloss compared to immediate finishing/polishing in Venus samples (P<.05), no differences were observed between delayed or immediate finishing/polishing for the other materials (P>.05). The lowest hardness values were found under Mylar strip. Delayed finishing/polishing significantly increased the hardness of all materials.Conclusions: The effect of delayed finishing/polishing on surface roughness, gloss and hardness appears to be material dependent. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:50-56)

scholarly journals Pre-Heating Effect on the Microhardness and Depth of Cure of Bulk-Fill Composite Resins

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-283
Author(s):  
Alperen Değirmenci ◽  
Dilber Bilgili Can
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Depth Of Cure ◽  
Heating Device

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preheating three bulk-fill and one conventional composite resin on the Vickers microhardness and depth of cure of these composites. METHODS: In this study, three bulk-fill composites-SDR Plus (SDR), Estelite BULK FILL Flow (EST), Admira® Fusion x-tra (AFX), and one conventional composite resin G-ænial POSTERIOR (GP) were used as the control group. The samples were obtained at room temperature (24°C) and at 55°C in T2 mode after being placed in a heating device for 10 minutes. The samples were divided into eight groups (n=10) according to the type of material and heating process that was utilized (preheated and nonheated). All samples were tested with a Vickers microhardness (VHN) tester on the bottom and top surfaces. The first measurements were obtained at baseline; the second set of measurements was performed after the samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. The depth of cure was calculated using a bottom/top hardness ratio of measurements. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing the SPSS V23 and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Lastly, the Duncan test was used for multiple comparisons (p<0.05). RESULTS: While the VHN increased after the preheating procedure in bulk-fill composites, it decreased in GP. There was no difference between the baseline and the 24-hour VHN values in SDR and GP. After 24 hours, while the VHN of EST increased, the VHN of AFX decreased. There was no difference between the hardness ratios of the AFX and EST samples (p<0.001) and hardness ratios were greater than GP and SDR. CONCLUSION: When comparing the baseline and the 24-hour values, the VHN depended on the type of materials. Sufficient curing depth was obtained in all groups with a thickness of 2mm.

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