Uso do Pião-Roxo (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) para Controle Biológico de Gorgulhos do Feijão (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Paula Iraile Fernades Torres ◽  
Adriana Dantas Gonzaga de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
The One ◽  
Jatropha Gossypiifolia ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say

Dentre as plantas com atividade inseticida, destaca-se o Pião-roxo (Jatropha gossypiifolia L), suas folhas possuem ácidos orgânicos, alcaloides, diterpenos, esteroides, flavonoides, lignanas e taninos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o potencial inseticida do J. gossypiifolia L para controle biológico de gorgulhos do feijão (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say). Foram preparados extratos com o uso do soxhlet tendo como solvente álcool etílico P.A. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir da diluição do extrato com água destilada, resultando nas concentrações 1:0,1:1/2,1:1,1:11/2 e 1:2. As placas foram pulverizadas com borrifadores manuais contendo os extratos, em suas respectivas concentrações. Em seguida, foram repassados 5 gorgulhos para cada placa. As observações foram realizadas durante 5 dias totalizando (120 horas). A testemunha foi pulverizada com água destilada. Todas as concentrações analisadas causaram mortalidade dos gorgulhos, a concentração 1:0 mostrouse como a mais eficiente em relação às outras concentrações, nessa concentração nas primeiras 24h do início dos testes em que se obteve 100% de mortalidade dos gorgulhos. As concentrações 1:1/2, 1:1 e 1:11/2 também se mostraram eficazes atingindo 100% da mortalidade dos gorgulhos, após 48h do início dos testes e a 1:2 foi a que atingiu uma menor taxa de mortalidade dos gorgulhos (80%) em comparação com as outras concentrações, todos os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste Tukey. Tal resultado agrega maior valor econômico e ecológico a esses produtos, que podem ser encontrados na maioria das propriedades rurais e por esses extratos botânicos apresentarem vantagens sobre os agrotóxicos por serem biodegradáveis.Palavras-chave: Inseticida Botânico. Controle Alternativo. Gorgulhos. Feijão.AbstractAmong the plants with insecticidal activity, it is worth mentioning the Purple Python (Jatropha gossypiifolia L), its leaves contain organic acids, alkaloids, diterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, lignans and tannins. This work aimed to investigate the insecticidal potential of J. gossypiifolia L for biological control of bean weevils (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say). The extracts were obtained from the dilution of the extract with distilled water resulting in the concentrations (1: 0.1: 1 / 2.1: 1.1: 11/2 And 1: 2). Plates were sprayed with hand sprays containing the extracts at their respective concentrations. Five weevils were then fed to each plate. Observations were performed for 5 days totaling (120 hours). The control was sprayed with distilled water. All the analyzed concentrations caused the weevils mortality, the concentration (1: 0) showed to be the most efficient in relation to the other concentrations, in that concentration in the first 24 hours of the beginning of the tests 100% mortality of the weevils was obtained. The concentrations 1: 1/2, 1: 1 and 1: 11/2 were also effective reaching 100% of the weevils mortality after 48h of the beginning of the tests and 1: 2 was the one that reached a lower mortality rate of the weevils (80%) compared to the other concentrations, all data were subjected to the Tukey test. This result adds greater economic and ecological value to these products, which can be found in most rural properties and because these botanical extracts have advantages over agrochemicals because they are biodegradable.Keywords: Insecticides Botanical. Alternative Control. Weevils. Bean.

Comportement sexuel et stratégie reproductrice chez le Chryseida bennetti Burks (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), parasitoïde de la bruche du haricot. I. Effet de l'âge des partenaires

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud ◽  
Mireille Campan
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Comportement Sexuel ◽  
Guarding Behavior ◽  
Multiple Matings ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say

This paper relates a female age effect to the mating behavior of Chryseida bennetti Burks, an ectoparasitoid of the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)). The sexual behavior includes rapid courtship and copulation followed by a postmating courtship behavior ("guarding"). Male guarding behavior varies according to the females' age, with males guarding females of 2–3 days old longer than younger and older females. A period of sexual maturation is necessary for most of the males. Females' attractiveness begins at the pupal stage, and their receptivity on emergence. Mated females are still attractive to males. Multiple matings (up to four copulations) with the same male have been observed. The females' age seems to control copulation frequency and the duration of the postmating courtship behavior. Two- and three-day-old females had more successive multiple matings with the same male than the other females did, and males spent much more time guarding them. The age of the males (except from newly emerged males) did not seem to influence copulation frequency. On the other hand, the complexity of the sequential courtship behavior increased with the age of the partners. The function of males' postmating courtship is discussed.

Analyse Experimentale Du Role De L'Ovitube Dans Le Comportement De Ponte De La Bruche Du Haricot (Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say- Coleoptera, Bruchidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 258-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pouzat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say ◽  
Egg Laying Behaviour ◽  
Made In ◽  
Important Stimulus

AbstractA resume is made of the major sequences of egg-laying behaviour, both in nature and on stored seeds, of the bean weevil. An experimental analysis of the role of the ovipositor in the act of egg-laying is then undertaken by simple techniques. It is observed that an important stimulus, with respect to this, is mechanical in nature: resulting from contact between the setae of the ovipositor on the one hand, and the seed and the "ground" on the other. Simply suspending the seed instead of leaving it lie on the cage bottom, suffices to reduce egg-laying and production significantly. Examination of egg-laying, when the substratum furnished is a trellis with suitable sized mesh, shows that an important aspect of the mechanical stimulus is in its concentrical character, i.e., the fact that it is applied to a greater number of setae all around the ovipositor. The result enables us to understand better the behaviour in nature, where there is a boring of the bean pod followed by egg-laying inside that pod through through the hole made. In the course of the paper some connected problems are evoked: - The relationship between egg-laying and production; - The more or less necessary character of the succession of the different sequences in egg-laying behaviour. Existence of intermediary cases, between individuals which can lay eggs only in the pod and those laying in the apparent absence of any stimulus, particularly stimuli connected with the bean; - Links between the phytophage and its host, remarks on the apparently unfavourable peculiarity of laying a great number of eggs in the same place, the possible consequences with respect to population dynamics.

scholarly journals Influence of additional polymerization in the microhardness of direct composite resins

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Henrique L. Lombardo ◽  
Cristiane F. Carvalho ◽  
Graziela Galhano ◽  
Rodrigo Othávio A. Souza ◽  
Lafayete N. Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Tukey Test

Objective: To evaluate different methods of additional polymerization in the Vickers’ microhardness of three composite resins. Material and Methods: With assistance of a metallic matrix (3 x 4mm), 30 specimens (sps) of each direct resin composite (drc) were prepared, entitled: Filtek Z250(3M ESPE, Saint Paul/MN-USA)(Gr1), W3D(Wilcos, Petrópolis/ RJ-Brazil)(Gr2), and EstheticX (Dentsply/York/PA-USA)(Gr3). All sps were photopolimerized, by the incremental technique, during 40 seconds (Gr1 - n=10: control). After that, 20 samples of each group were divided and half of the samples (n=10) were submitted to the additional polymerization during 15 minutes to 127ºC in autoclave (Gr2) and the other half in stove (Gr3). After all sps were stored in distilled water (37ºC/24 hours). The microhardness was accomplished in digital machine (Future-Tech, FM 700 Model), with 50kg of load. The data obtained (Kg/mm2) were analyzed utilizing the ANOVA Test (2 factors) and Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: The values of mean ± standar  deviations obtained were: Gr1a(84,2±5,1), Gr1b (71,6±6,7), Gr1c (89,6±7,4), Gr2a (101,1±6,0), Gr2b (96,4±9,0), Gr2c (112,6±7,3), Gr3a (74,0±6,5), Gr3b (66,0±12,7) e Gr3c (81,7±6,5). The polymerization in stove produced a higher microhardness than the other kinds of polymerization (p<0.05) and the microhardness of the resins statistically differed among them (p<0.05). Conclusion: The additional polymerization of the Filtek Z250 in the stove produced microhardness statistically higher than the others.

scholarly journals On fibre: additional observations

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 384-386
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Structure ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chemical Reagent ◽  
The One

On examining coagulating blood, the author finds that it contains discs of two different kinds; the one comparatively pale; the other, very red. It is in the latter discs that a filament is formed; and it is these discs which enter into the formation of the clot; the former, or the pale discs, being merely entangled in the clot, or else remaining in the serum. He thinks that the filament escaped the notice of former observers, from their having directed their attention almost exclusively to the undeveloped discs which remained in the serum, and thus conceived that the blood-discs are of subordinate importance, and are not concerned in the evolution of fibrin. To render the filament distinctly visible, Dr. Barry adds a chemical reagent capable of removing a portion of the red colouring matter, without altogether dissolving the filament. He employs for this purpose chiefly a solution of one part of nitrate of silver in 120 parts of distilled water; and sometimes also the chromic acid. He admits that the use of these reagents would, on account of their destructive tendency when concentrated, be objectionable as proofs of the absence of any visible structure; but as the point to be proved is that a certain specific structure does exist, he contends that the same appearance would not equally result from the chemical actions of reagents so different as are those of chrome and the salts of mercury and of silver. After the appearance of the filament, thus brought to light, has become familiar to the eye, it may be discerned in the blood-discs, when coagulation has commenced, without any addition whatever. Those blood-discs of the newt, which contain filaments, often assume the form of flask-like vesicles, the membranes of which exhibit folds, converging towards the neck, where, on careful examination, a minute body may be seen protruding. This body is the extremity of the filament in question, its protrusion being occasionally such as admit of its remarkable structure being recognised.

scholarly journals On the development and extinction of regular doubly refracting structures in the crystalline lenses of animals after death

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 477-478
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Neutral Line ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Separate Paper ◽  
Animal Economy ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Positive Structure ◽  
The One

Since the year 1816, when the author communicated to the Royal Society an account of the doubly refracting structures which exist in the crystalline lenses of fishes and other animals, he has examined a great variety of recent lenses with the view of ascertaining the origin of these structures, the order of their succession in different lenses, and the purpose which they answer in the animal economy. He had discovered in the lenses of many fishes the alternation of portions, exerting, the one a positive, and the other a negative refractive action; but in his subsequent investigations he met with the greatest discrepancy as to the regularity of their arrangement. He found that in quadrupeds the central structure is positive while in fishes, where there are three structures, it is always negative; but their positive structure in the former case sometimes exists alone, with faint traces of a negative structure, and sometimes it is followed by another positive structure separated from the first by a black neutral circle, in which the double refraction disappears; at other times various other combinations of these structures are presented, Occasionally, in the dark neutral line which separated two positive structures, he perceived a trace of an intervening structure, which seemed to be either about to disappear or about to be developed. This conjecture was satisfactorily verified by a series of observations which he made on the lenses of the sheep, the ox, and the horse, at different ages, and also on the same lens, during the spontaneous changes it undergoes when kept in distilled water. The negative structure was in these experiments gradually developed at the space intervening between the portions of the lens which had possessed the positive structure 5 and thus the same parts assumed in succession doubly refractive actions of opposite kinds. The author intimates his intention of pointing out, in a separate paper, the conclusions deducible from these facts respecting the cause and cure of cataract.

scholarly journals Hidrox® Counteracts Cyclophosphamide-Induced Male Infertility through NRF2 Pathways in a Mouse Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Roberta Fusco ◽  
Angela Trovato Salinaro ◽  
Rosalba Siracusa ◽  
Ramona D’Amico ◽  
Daniela Impellizzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Background: Every year, men use cyclophosphamide to treat various cancers and autoimmune diseases. On the one hand, this chemotherapy often has the beneficial effect of regressing the tumor, but on the other hand, it leads to infertility due to excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis in the testes caused by its metabolite, acrolein. Methods: The objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial power of a new compound called Hidrox®, containing 40–50% hydroxytyrosol, in counteracting the damage related to fertility induced by cyclophosphamide. The study was conducted using a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w, in distilled water at 10 mL/kg b.w. The treatment was administered via the oral administration of Hidrox® at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Results: Our study confirms that the use of cyclophosphamide causes a series of sperm and histological alterations strongly connected with oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate for the first time that Hidrox® protects testes from CYP-induced alterations by the modulation of physiological antioxidant defenses.

scholarly journals Comparison of In Vitro Efficacy of Six Disinfectants on the Hatching of Larval Eggs of Toxocara canis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo ROMERO ◽  
Rafael HEREDIA ◽  
Manuel BOLIO ◽  
Laura MIRANDA ◽  
Laura REYES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
Paratenic Hosts

Background: The environmental contamination with Toxocara canis eggs increases the risk of dissemination and transmission of the parasite in dogs and paratenic hosts such as humans. We aimed to evaluate different disinfectants to compare their effect on T. canis eggs. Methods: For its realization, 850 embryonated eggs were obtained, which were suspended in a solution of 5% formaldehyde and distilled water in Eppendorf tubes. In the tubes containing the 850 embryonated eggs, researchers was added 0.5 mL of each solution (enzymatic solution, sodium hypochlorite, iodopovidone, quaternary of ammonium, benzalkonium chloride, and super oxidation solution). After mixing, an aliquot was taken, observed under the microscope, and the number of broken eggs counted at different times to find the most effective ovicidal moment. Results: The enzymatic disinfectant present a significant difference (P = 0.05) with 276.06 broken eggs followed by ammonium with 105.20 broken eggs. After 10 min, the ammonium solution was the one that showed a significant difference of 50.50 hatched eggs, followed by the enzymatic 26.80 and hypochlorite 25.00 treatments. After 20 min, the enzymatic solution treatment showed a significant difference with the other solutions showing an increase of 98.80 broken eggs. In the 30 and 40-min times, only the enzymatic treatment showed a significant difference of 334.10 and 381.70 of broken eggs respectively. Conclusion: The enzymatic solution has the greatest ovicidal effect against the eggs of T. canis to present a greater number of broken eggs in a given time between 20 and 40 minutes.

Modeling the Combined Effect of pH and Temperature on the Heat Resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus Spores Heated in a Multicomponent Food Extract

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. TEJEDOR ◽  
M. RODRIGO ◽  
A. MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Food Extract ◽  
The One

The combined effect of pH and temperature on the heat resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores heated in an extract of complex food was studied. The results showed that, in general, reducing the pH reduced the heat resistance of the spores. Similarly, the value for the D parameter in the nonacidified extract was between 30 and 70% lower than the one obtained with double-distilled water. This result once again shows the importance of the substrate in inactivation studies of microorganisms. The experimental data were used to carry out a comparison of two predictive mathematical models of inactivation, one based on a multiparametric regression obtained in this study and the other obtained from the bibliography and based on a linear-Bigelow equation. Both models predict reasonably well, although the multiparametric model presented a slightly better accuracy factor (1.11) than the one obtained with the linear-Bigelow equation (1.13).

scholarly journals Faunistisch bemerkenswerte und für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern neue Arten der Kurzflügelkäfer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) – Teil 7

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Andreas Kleeberg
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Species Inventory ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Current Species

Es werden Nachweise von 80 Arten der Kurzflügelkäfer in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern zwischen 1992 und 2020 dokumentiert sowie die Verbreitung und Häufigkeit verschiedener Arten diskutiert. Fünf Arten sind neu für die Fauna des Bundeslandes: Atheta aquatilis (Thomson, 1867), A. clientula (Erichson, 1839), A. sodermani Bernhauer, 1931, Paederus caligatus (Erichson, 1840) und Xantholinus elegans (Olivier, 1795). Für ausgewählte seltene Arten wird die Gemeinschaft der Begleitarten aus Gesiebeproben sehr verschiedener Habitate bzw. Strukturen charakterisiert. Der Vergleich des Arteninventars belegt den ökologischen Wert der feuchten bis trockenen Lebensräume und zeigt, welcher Aufwand zu leisten ist, um sowohl das aktuelle Arteninventar des Gebietes als auch Veränderungen in seiner Fauna registrieren zu können. Die Komplexität dieser Aufgabe liegt einerseits in der Arealerweiterung von Arten; andererseits im gleichzeitigen Verschwinden von Arten, der hauptsächlich durch den Verlust verschiedenster Lebensraumtypen verursacht wird. New and remarkable records of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Mecklenburg- Vorpommern, Northeast Germany. Part 7. Abstract: In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, 80 species of rove beetles were recorded between 1992 and 2020. Distribution and abundance of various species are discussed. Five species are new to the fauna of the federal state: Atheta aquatilis (Thomson, 1867), A. clientula (Erichson, 1839), A. sodermani Bernhauer, 1931, Paederus caligatus (Erichson, 1840) and Xantholinus elegans (Olivier, 1795). For selected rare species, the community of accompanying species is characterized from sieve samples of most varied habitats or structures. A comparison of the species inventory proves the ecological value of wet to dry habitats, and shows the effort that needs to be made to register both the current species inventory of the area and its changes in time. The complexity of this task lies, on the one hand, in an expansion of the range of species and, on the other hand, in a simultaneous disappearance of species, mainly caused by the loss of various habitat types.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Ecological Value of Ideological and Political Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsong Mao ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ideological And Political Education ◽  
Political Education ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Ecological Ethics ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The One

The ecological value of ideological and political education is gradually revealed against the background of increasingly serious ecological environmental problems. On the one hand, we must deeply understand its connotation. On the other hand, we explore the theoretical basis given by Marxist ecological ethics. At the same time, in different dimensions, we must explore and appreciate the social benefits created by the proposition of the ecological value of ideological and political education.

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