scholarly journals Evaluation of surface roughness and hardness of different glass ionomer cements

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 079-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Bala ◽  
Deniz Hacer Arisu ◽  
Ihsan Yikilgan ◽  
Seda Arslan ◽  
Abdulkadir Gullu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Hardness Values

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate surface roughness and hardness of a nanofiller GIC, a resin-modified GIC, three conventional GICs, and a silver-reinforced GICMethods: For each material, 11 specimens were prepared and then stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. The surface roughness of 5 specimens was measured using a surface profilometer before polishing and after polishing with coarse, medium, fine, superfine aluminum oxide abrasive Sof-Lex discs respectively. The hardness of the upper surfaces of the remaining 6 specimens was measured with a Vickers microhardness measuring instrument.Results: All tested GICs showed lower surface roughness values after the polishing procedure. Surface finish of nanofiller GIC was smoother than the other tested GICs after polishing. This was followed by resin-modified GIC, Fuji II LC; then silver-reinforced GIC, Argion Molar, conventional GICs, Aqua Ionofil Plus, Fuji IX, and Ionofil Molar, respectively. The result of the hardness test indicated that the microhardness value of silver-reinforced GIC was greater than that of the other GICs. When the hardness values of all tested GICs were compared, the differences between materials (except Aqua Ionofil Plus with Ionofil Molar and Ketac N100 with Fuji II LC (P>.05)) were found statistically significant (P<.05).Conclusions: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the differences in the composition of GICs may affect their surface roughness and hardness. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:79-86)

scholarly journals Effect of Hydroxyapatite on Surface Roughness of Zirconomer, and Conventional and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Sharafeddin ◽  
Somaye Bahrani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Dental Restorative ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Ionomer Cement

Objectives: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are among the most popular dental restorative materials, but their use is limited due to their clinical disadvantages. Many efforts have been made to improve the properties of these materials by adding various fillers. Incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) into the GICs is considered to improve the physical properties of restorations, and may prevent treatment failure. This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness (Ra) of a conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC), a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) and a Zirconomer with and without micro-hydroxyapatite (µHA). Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 6 groups (n=10) including CGIC, CGIC + µHA, RMGI, RMGI + µHA, Zirconomer, and Zirconomer + µHA. A total of 60 disc-shaped samples (6 mm × 2 mm) were prepared in plastic molds and were stored in distilled water for 24 h. After polishing of the specimens, their Ra was measured by a profilometer in micrometers (µm). The data were analyzed using two and one-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test, and independent t-test. Results: Incorporation of µHA resulted in statistically significant differences in Ra between the study groups (P<0.05). Following the incorporation of µHA, the Ra significantly decreased in CGIC (P=0.013) and Zirconomer (P=0.003). However, addition of µHA to RMGI resulted in a significant increase in its Ra (P<0.001). Conclusion: Addition of µHA decreased the Ra of Zirconomer and CGIC, and increased the surface roughness of RMGI samples.

The Effects of Food-Simulating Liquids on Surface Roughness, Surface Hardness, and Solubility of Bulk-Fill Composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 232020682098845
Author(s):  
Özge Gizem Cabadag˘ ◽  
Nihan Gönülol
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Constant Mass ◽  
Roughness Surface ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Roughness Measurements ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim: To investigate the surface roughness, surface hardness, and solubility of bulk-fill composites after exposure to food-simulating liquids (FSLs). Materials and Methods: A total of 200 disc-shaped samples (8 mm diameter × 4 mm depth) were prepared using four bulk-fill composites (SonicFillTM, Tetric® EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Beautifil-Bulk Restorative, FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative) and a microhybrid composite (FiltekTM Z250) ( n = 40). Following the measurement of initial weights of the samples ( m1), the surface roughness measurements were gauged using a contact-profilometer. The samples were stored in four different FSLs for 7 days, and then the second surface roughness values were recorded. The samples were stored in a desiccator to reach the constant mass and the values were recorded as m2, then the solubility levels were calculated. The Vickers microhardness values of the samples were determined. A total of 20 specimens were evaluated in terms of surface morphology with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were statistically analyzed with the two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests ( P < .05). Results: Beautifil-Bulk Restorative was affected at most in terms of surface roughness after storage in FSLs and citric acid caused the highest values in this group ( P < .005). Beautifil-Bulk Restorative and Filtek Z250 showed the highest surface hardness values, while the Tetric EvoCeram group had the lowest. The highest solubility values were found in Beautifil-Bulk Restorative, and citric acid and ethanol yielded the highest solubility values for all of the composites. Conclusion: Beautifil-Bulk Restorative is the most affected group in all parameters evaluated and also affected overly by citric acid among the FSLs in consequence of its prereacted glass ionomer fillers.

scholarly journals Effect of heat on the hardness of glass carbomer cement used in atraumatic restorative treatment

RSBO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Natascha Douat Hannegraf ◽  
Maria Eduarda Schultze Mendes Ribeiro ◽  
Célia Maria Condeixa de França Lopes ◽  
Flares Baratto-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Penetration Time

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the microhardness of two glass ionomer cements: EQUIA Forte (GC Corporation) and GCP Glass Fill (GCPDental). Material and methods: Twenty specimens of the two glass ionomer cements were prepared following the manufacturer’s instructions, and 10 specimens of each material received heat treatment with a light curing unit (Carbo LED lamp, GCP-Dental). After seven days of storage in distilled water at room temperature (23°C), the 40 specimens were submitted for Vickers microhardness test (microhardness HMV 2T). Five indentations were performed on each specimen with a load of 100g, with a 10 second penetration time. Results: For both materials, the average microhardness value were higher in the groups that did not undergo heat treatment, the group presenting with the highest microhardness value was EQUIA Forte (GC Corporation) without heat treatment (125.3), and the lowest value was found for GCP Glass Fill (GCP-Dental) with heat treatment (72.9). Conclusion: The heat treatment had no influence on the microhardness of the glass ionomer cements tested.

scholarly journals Abrasiveness of conventional and specific denture-cleansing dentifrices

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Balero Sorgini ◽  
Claudia Helena da Silva-Lovato ◽  
Raphael Freitas de Souza ◽  
Letícia Resende Davi ◽  
Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significance Level

This study analyzed the weight loss and surface roughness caused in Plexiglass specimens by conventional dentifrices (Sorriso, Colgate and Close Up) and specific dentifrices used for cleaning of dentures (Corega and Dentu Creme). Plexiglass specimens were divided into 6 groups (n=6) including: a control (distilled water - DW) and experimental groups. Brushing was performed in a toothbrushing machine with a soft brush and a dentifrice suspension and DW according to different brushing times (50, 100, 200 and 250 min -18,000, 36,000, 72,000 and 90,000 cycles, respectively, calculated to correspond to 1, 2, 4 and 5 years of regular brushing). The results of weight loss and surface roughness were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 5% significance level. In all tested times, the effect of DW was insignificant. Dentifrices differed significantly from DW in the initial period. Corega dentifrice caused greater mass loss in all studied times, followed by Close Up. Dentifrices resulted in a surface roughness similar to the DW at 50 min. In the other times, Sorriso, Colgate and Corega caused more surface roughness than DW. In conclusion, specific dentifrices caused larger mass loss and lower surface roughness as conventional dentifrice.

scholarly journals Does the temperature of beverages affect the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin?

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Tuncer ◽  
Emel Karaman ◽  
Esra Firat
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Properties Of Composites

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of beverages′ temperature on the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin. Materials and Methods: Fifty specimens of the Filtek Z250 composite (3M ESPE, Dental Products, St.Paul, MN, USA) were prepared and initial roughness, microhardness, and color were measured. Then the specimens were randomly divided into five groups of 10 specimens each: Coffee at 70°C, coffee at 37°C, cola at 10°C, cola at 37°C, and artificial saliva (control). After the samples were subjected to 15 min × 3 cycles per day of exposure to the solutions for 30 days, the final measurements were recorded. Results: After immersion in beverages, the artificial saliva group showed hardness values higher than those of the other groups (P < 0.001) and the microhardness values were significantly different from the initial values in all groups except for the control group. Both cola groups showed roughness values higher than the baseline values (P < 0.05), while the other groups showed values similar to the baseline measurements. When ΔE measurements were examined, the 70°C coffee group showed the highest color change among all the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High-temperature solutions caused alterations in certain properties of composites, such as increased color change, although they did not affect the hardness or roughness of the composite resin material tested.

Effect of Ni and Zn Elements on the Microstructure and Antibacterial Properties of Cu Coatings

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled S. Al-Athel ◽  
Najat Marraiki ◽  
Abul Fazal M. Arif ◽  
Syed Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Javad Mostaghimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

In this work, 316L stainless steel samples were coated with copper (Cu) and German silver (Cu 17%Ni 10%Zn) to investigate the relation between their mechanical and antibacterial behaviors. The mechanical and material characteristics of the samples were studied by looking into the microstructure of the surface and the cross-section of the coatings, the surface roughness, and the adhesion strength between the coating layer and the substrate. The antibacterial behavior is then studied against gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Two experiments were conducted to examine the antibacterial behavior. In the first experiment, the coated samples were covered with distilled water, whereas in the second experiment, the samples were tested without being covered with distilled water. The results show that German silver (Cu 17%Ni 10%Zn) had a higher antibacterial rate than copper (Cu) by around 10% for both gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus. The reason is because a smoother surface is expected to limit the bacterial adhesion in most cases, and the German silver samples have a lower surface roughness (Ra) due to the higher thermal expansion value of zinc (Zn) compared with copper (Cu). A more in-depth look into the effect of various thickness of the coating with alloying elements (in this case nickel and zinc) on the antibacterial rate would be of great interest.

Surface Hardness Properties of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements and Polyacid-Modified Composite Resins

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ziya Bayindir ◽  
Mehmet Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Ionomer Cement

Abstract In this study the top and bottom surface hardness of two polyacid-modified composite resins (PMCRs), one resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and one composite resin were evaluated. The affect of water storage on their hardness was also investigated. The study was conducted using four different groups, each having five specimens obtained from fiberglass die molds with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. Measurements were made on the top and bottom surface of each specimen and recorded after 24 hours and again at 60 days. All tested materials showed different hardness values, and the values of top surfaces of the specimens were found to be higher than the bottom surface in all test groups. There was no statistical difference in the Vickers hardness (HV) values when the test specimens were kept in water storage. In conclusion Hytac displayed microhardness values higher than Vitremer and Dyract. We found the order of HV values to be Surfil > Hytac > Dyract > Vitremer, respectively. Vitremer presented the lowest microhardness level and Surfil the highest. Citation Bayindir YZ, Yildiz M. Surface Hardness Properties of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements and Polyacid-Modified Composite Resins. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:042-049.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effect of Addition of Different Concentrations of Nanohydroxyapatite to Resin Modified and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements on L929 Murine Fibroblasts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Golkar ◽  
Ladan Ranjbar Omrani ◽  
Shide Zohourinia ◽  
Elham Ahmadi ◽  
Faeze Asadian
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Murine Fibroblasts

Objectives: In this study we assessed the cytotoxic effect of nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) incorporated into resin modified and conventional glass ionomer cements (RMGICs and CGICs) on L929 murine fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 5wt%, 7wt% and 10wt% concentrations of NHA were added to Fuji II LC RMGIC and Fuji IX CGIC powders. Eighteen samples (5×3mm) were fabricated from each type of glass ionomer, in six experimental groups (n=3): CG0, CG1, CG2, CG5, CG7, CG10, RMG0, RMG1, RMG2, RMG5, RMG7, and RMG10. Samples were incubated for 72h. The overlaying solution was removed and added to L929 fibroblasts. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed at 24, 48 and 72h. The wavelength was read by a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity of the two types of glass ionomers, with and without NHA, except for CG0 and RMG0 groups after 72h. RMG0 group was significantly more cytotoxic than the CG0 group (P<0.05). In CG groups during the first 24h, the cytotoxicity of CG5 and CG7 groups was significantly higher than that of CG1; while, there was no significant difference between the RMG groups. Cytotoxicity significantly decreased in all groups after 24h (P<0.05). Conclusion: Incorporation of NHA into Fuji II LC RMGIC and Fuji IX CGIC did not affect their biocompatibility and therefore its addition to these materials can provide favorable biological properties, especially considering its beneficial effects on the other properties of GICs.

scholarly journals Effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride application on microhardness of glass ionomer cement

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azrul Izzudin ◽  
Elin Karlina ◽  
Ratna Indriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gels are commonly used as preventive caries materials in paediatric dentistry while glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used as a restorative material. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride application towards the microhardness of GIC. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory study where ten specimens were prepared from high viscosity GIC, which was Fuji IX. Specimens were stored in 50 ml distilled water at first 24 hours at 37°C, and then specimens were divided into fluoride group which was immersed in 25 ml of 1.23 % APF gel and control group which was stored 25 ml distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C. The Micromet II Microhardness Tester, Buehler, IL, USA that was standardised for Vickers hardness test was used to test the specimens at 100-gram load. Data were analysed using the t-test comparison test. Results: The level of microhardness of the fluoride group (14.34) was much lower compared to the control group (43.21) with a highly significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: The application of 1.23% APF gel on high viscosity GIC reduces the microhardness level compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Influence of additional polymerization in the microhardness of direct composite resins

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Henrique L. Lombardo ◽  
Cristiane F. Carvalho ◽  
Graziela Galhano ◽  
Rodrigo Othávio A. Souza ◽  
Lafayete N. Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Tukey Test

Objective: To evaluate different methods of additional polymerization in the Vickers’ microhardness of three composite resins. Material and Methods: With assistance of a metallic matrix (3 x 4mm), 30 specimens (sps) of each direct resin composite (drc) were prepared, entitled: Filtek Z250(3M ESPE, Saint Paul/MN-USA)(Gr1), W3D(Wilcos, Petrópolis/ RJ-Brazil)(Gr2), and EstheticX (Dentsply/York/PA-USA)(Gr3). All sps were photopolimerized, by the incremental technique, during 40 seconds (Gr1 - n=10: control). After that, 20 samples of each group were divided and half of the samples (n=10) were submitted to the additional polymerization during 15 minutes to 127ºC in autoclave (Gr2) and the other half in stove (Gr3). After all sps were stored in distilled water (37ºC/24 hours). The microhardness was accomplished in digital machine (Future-Tech, FM 700 Model), with 50kg of load. The data obtained (Kg/mm2) were analyzed utilizing the ANOVA Test (2 factors) and Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: The values of mean ± standar  deviations obtained were: Gr1a(84,2±5,1), Gr1b (71,6±6,7), Gr1c (89,6±7,4), Gr2a (101,1±6,0), Gr2b (96,4±9,0), Gr2c (112,6±7,3), Gr3a (74,0±6,5), Gr3b (66,0±12,7) e Gr3c (81,7±6,5). The polymerization in stove produced a higher microhardness than the other kinds of polymerization (p<0.05) and the microhardness of the resins statistically differed among them (p<0.05). Conclusion: The additional polymerization of the Filtek Z250 in the stove produced microhardness statistically higher than the others.

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