scholarly journals Evaluation of the mandibular notch angle in three-dimensional virtual models as a parameter for determining age and sexual dimorphism

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Ana Amélia Barbieri ◽  
Daniela Bonfiette ◽  
Jeferson Lopes Campos Borges ◽  
Eurico C Oliveira ◽  
Afonso Celso Souza Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Notch Angle ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Mandibular Notch ◽  
3D Software

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The objective of this study was to analyze the opening of the mandibular notch angle (MNA) as a possible tool for predicting sex and estimating age so as to contribute to forensic anthropological studies. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>:  For this, 60 cone beam computed tomographs (CBCT) belonging to the UNESP ICT Radiology archive, were selected: 5 female and 5 male for each decade of life, beginning on twenties until there seventies, totalizing 30 female and 30 male. Three-dimensional models were generated for each exam and measurements were performed with three-dimensional angular measuring tools using OnDemand 3D software (Cybermed Inc., Tustin, CA, USA) on the MNA. The MNA was measured considering the posteriormost portion of the coronoid process, the lowest point of the mandibular notch, and the anteriormost point of the condylar process of the mandible. The Mann-Whitney test was performed with the intention of establishing the possible comparative relationships between the values of angular measurements and sex. <strong>Results</strong>: No statistically significant differences were found between mandibular incision measurements in both sexes, as well as when comparing the angular measurements of the mandibular incisions and the different age groups studied, when a Kruskall-Wallis test was performed. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: It was concluded that the structure being evaluated did not appear to be an instrument capable of contributing to forensic anthropology evaluations.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>:</p><p> X-ray computed tomography; Forensic anthropology; Legal dentistry; Determination of age by skeleton; Analysis for determination of sex.</p>

Study on Precision Forging Schemes of Hypoid Driving Gear

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Wang ◽  
Fu Xiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
Precision Forging ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Blank Shape ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
3D Software ◽  
Deform 3D

By analyzing the characteristics and forming technology of hypoid driving gear, it was suitable for adopting fully enclosed die forging principle to form the gear. Based on different forging methods, three kinds of blank shape and corresponding forming schemes were designed. The three dimensional models of blank and die were created by the UG software. The three forming schemes were simulated by the Deform-3D software. The simulation results of distribution of equivalent stress, distribution of equivalent strain and load-stroke curve were comparatively analyzed. Then the most reasonable scheme was chosen. At last, the rationality of numerical simulation can be further verified by the optimized scheme was proved by experiment.

Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Models from Drawings Based on Spectral Graph Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 598-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Zakharov ◽  
Arkady Zhiznyakov
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Graph Theory ◽  
Boundary Representation ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Spectral Graph ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Task of automatic reconstruction of three-dimensional objects by drawing views presented. The algorithm based on a boundary representation of three-dimensional models. The algorithm consists of the following steps: automatic separation of the drawing per the views, determination of three-dimensional coordinates of vertices, definition and marking of wire model primitives, reconstruction of model faces and model elements. The fundamental concept of the algorithm is to find the structural elements of three-dimensional model with usage of pre-specified patterns. The templates are described by means of matrices. Matching algorithm uses spectral graph theory. Reconstruction results are presented.

Determination of the Compressive Material Properties of the Supraspinatus Tendon

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Zobitz ◽  
Zong-Ping Luo ◽  
Kai-Nan An
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Supraspinatus Tendon ◽  
Hyperelastic Material ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Thickness Measurements

A methodology was developed for determining the compressive properties of the supraspinatus tendon, based on finite element principles. Simplified three-dimensional models were created based on anatomical thickness measurements of unloaded supraspinatus tendons over 15 points. The tendon material was characterized as a composite structure of longitudinally arranged collagen fibers within an extrafibrillar matrix. The matrix was formulated as a hyperelastic material described by the Ogden form of the strain energy potential. The hyperelastic material parameters were parametrically manipulated until the analytical load-displacement results were similar to the results obtained from indentation testing. In the geometrically averaged tendon, the average ratio of experimental to theoretical maximum indentation displacement was 1.00 (SD: 0.01). The average normalization of residuals was 2.1g (SD: 0.9g). Therefore, the compressive material properties of the supraspinatus tendon extrafibrillar matrix were adequately derived with a first-order hyperelastic formulation. The initial compressive elastic modulus ranged from 0.024 to 0.090 MPa over the tendon surface and increased nonlinearly with additional compression. Using these material properties, the stresses induced during acromional impingement can be analyzed.

scholarly journals Determination of technological parameters and tool for flanging holes from sheet blanks

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 14019
Author(s):  
Khaidar Kaderov ◽  
Sergey Kireev ◽  
Marina Korchagina ◽  
Aleksey Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The Given

In the article the parameters of shaping operations of internal axisymmetric cylindrical flanging are considered. The article is written to improve the quality and speed of flanging round holes development from sheet blanks and tooling construction by increasing the accuracy of hole diameter calculation for flanging in the automated mode of building three-dimensional models of workpiece and a flanged product. Given formulas increase the accuracy of hole diameter calculation for flanging, taking into account the deformed condition of the sheet blank. The accuracy of the hole diameter calculation for flanging according to the given formulas is determined by comparing the mass of the workpiece with the mass of the flanged part. CAD system algorithm for automated construction of the flanged parts sketch and determination of technological parameters is implemented. The parameterized scheme of a typical construction of a flanging stamp is presented. The constructed schemes allow making changes in their parameters and providing automatic representation of calculation results and also their correct graphic interpretation. Discussion of the article results allows drawing conclusions about correctness of the given mathematical model and its applicability for the automated construction of three-dimensional models of the flanged details that will allow simplifying technological development and constructed documentation with simultaneous increase of their accuracy and reducing costs of production preparation.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ПРОГРАМ У ДИЗАЙН-ПРОЕКТУВАННІ ЮВЕЛІРНИХ ВИРОБІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
М. М. Рубанка ◽  
Н. В. Остапенко ◽  
А. І. Рубанка
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
3D Software

The purpose of the article is to analyze the applicability of modern software for design-projecting of models of jewelry on the example of creation of a 3D model of a flat medallion; such process of creation includes the following steps: development of an algorithm; check for the errors; determination of the main characteristics. When conducting the researches, a set of general scientific approaches has been used, in particular: visual-analytical and system-informational approaches, modern methods of analysis of mechanical systems, as well as the method of classifications. The programs for three-dimensional modeling are listed; the peculiarities of their use and their functional possibilities are revealed. Based on the analysis of peculiarities of design-projecting of jewelry, the applicability of modern software is identified, in particular, the applicability of Rhinoceros 3D commercial software for three-dimensional NURBS-modeling. The development of engineering methods of designing of jewelry. The comparative analysis of programs for design-projecting of jewelry is performed. The proposed algorithm for creation of 3D model of a flat medallion using the Rhinoceros 3D software for three-dimensional NURBS-modeling is described. A standard algorithm for the creation of a 3D model of a flat medallion is developed. The recommendations regarding the use of Rhinoceros 3D software for three-dimensional NURBS-modeling in jewelry are made.

Molecular Docking Supplements an In vitro Determination of the Leading CYP Isoform for Arylpiperazine Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Ulenberg ◽  
Tomasz Bączek ◽  
Joanna Zieliñska ◽  
Mariusz Belka ◽  
Marek Król ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Early Drug

Background: Molecular docking has often been used before to calculate in silico affinity of drugs towards their molecular target, but not to estimate leading CYP isoform responsible for metabolism of studied compounds. Objective: The aim of this study is to present molecular docking as a valid alternative for costly in vitro studies resulting in estimation of leading CYP isoform. Method: In vitro part was based on incubations of studied compounds with isolated CYP3A4 isoform followed by LC-MS analysis. The in silico stage consisted of docking three-dimensional models of the studied compounds with a three-dimensional model of the leading metabolizing isoform (CYP3A4), which was designated during the in vitro part of the study. XenoSite P450 metabolism prediction was also used to predict sites of metabolism and calculate probability values. Results: The calculated affinities showed a clear similarity when the in vitro results were compared with the calculated in silico affinity values. XenoSite CYP3A4 metabolism probability values also confirm significant participation of CYP3A4 in metabolism of studied compounds. Conclusion: Both molecular docking and XenoSite P450 metabolism prediction provide data that stands in agreement with in vitro studies, granting a more detailed spectrum on predicting CYP3A4 metabolism, and presenting molecular docking as a promising tool to cut costs and increase effectiveness in early drug development stages.

scholarly journals Automatic generation of objective footprint outlines

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens N. Lallensack
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Statistical Shape ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Definition Of

The objective definition of footprint margins poses a central problem in ichnology. The transition from the footprint to the surrounding sediment is often continuous, and the footprint wall complex, requiring interpolation, approximation, and a priori assumptions about trackmaker anatomy to arrive at feasible interpretations of footprint shapes. The degree of subjectivity of such interpretations is substantial, and outlines produced by separate researchers can differ greatly. As a consequence, statistical shape analysis, regardless if based on linear and angular measurements or on the shape as a whole, are neither fully repeatable nor objective. Here I present an algorithm implemented in the programming environment R that is able to generate continuous footprint outlines based on three-dimensional models—fully automatically, objectively, and repeatable. The approach, which is based on contour lines extracted from the model, traces the outline at the point where the slope of the track wall is steepest. An option for automatic landmark placement is implemented for tridactyl footprints. A case study was carried out on 13 footprints of a single trackway of a theropod trackmaker from the Lower Cretaceous of Münchehagen, Germany. Analysis of the landmark coordinates returned by the script did reproduce statistical results published in an earlier study that was based on human-made interpretative drawings, demonstrating the applicability of the present method for the objective and quantitative shape analysis of tracks. Although faint anatomical details are not always recorded and features not related to the foot anatomy may be included, the generated outlines tend to correspond with human-made interpretative drawings regarding the overall shape. While not suited as a full replacement of interpretative drawings, these generated outlines may be used as an objective basis for such interpretations.

scholarly journals Sub-tomogram averaging in RELION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanmay A.M. Bharat ◽  
Sjors H.W. Scheres
Keyword(s):  
Single Particle ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Single Particle Analysis ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Initial Classification

Electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) and sub-tomogram averaging allow structure determination of macromolecules in situ, and are gaining in popularity for initial model generation for single- particle analysis. We describe herein, a protocol for sub-tomogram averaging from cryo-ET data using the RELION software. We describe how to calculate newly developed three-dimensional models for the contrast transfer function and the missing wedge of each sub-tomogram, and how to use these models for regularized-likelihood refinement. This approach has been implemented in the existing workflow for single-particle analysis, so that users may conveniently tap into existing capabilities of the RELION software. As example applications, we present analyses of purified hepatitis B capsid particles and S. cerevisiae 80S ribosomes. In both cases, we show that following initial classification, sub-tomogram averaging in RELION allows de novo generation of initial models, and provides high-resolution maps where secondary structure elements are resolved.

scholarly journals The young person’s guide to the PDB

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Wladek Minor ◽  
Zbigniew Dauter ◽  
Mariusz Jaskolski
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Training Skill

The Protein Data Bank (PDB), created in 1971 when merely seven protein crystal structures were known, today holds over 120,000 experimentally-determined three-dimensional models of macromolecules, including gigantic structures comprised of hundreds of thousands of atoms, such as ribosomes and viruses. Most of the deposits come from X-ray crystallography experiments, with important contributions also made by NMR spectroscopy and, recently, by the fast growing Cryo-Electron Microscopy. Although the determination of a macromolecular crystal structure is now facilitated by advanced experimental tools and by sophisticated software, it is still a highly complicated research process requiring specialized training, skill, experience and a bit of luck. Understanding the plethora of structural information provided by the PDB requires that its users (consumers) have at least a rudimentary initiation. This is the purpose of this educational overview.

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