scholarly journals Agronomic characterization of citrandarin fruits and seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3416
Author(s):  
Evandro Henrique Schinor ◽  
Marcelo Arakaki ◽  
Mariângela Cristofani-Yaly
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In citrus cultivation, rootstocks are of fundamental importance and affect several characteristics of the variety used as canopy. Despite the great diversity within Citrus and related genera, the production of rootstocks in Brazil is restricted to a small number of varieties, making the citrus culture vulnerable to the appearance of phytosanitary problems. The aim of this study was to agronomically characterize fruits and seeds of seven citrandarins [Citrus sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka x Poncirus trifoliata cv. Rubidoux (L.) Raf.], obtained by controlled crossing. The orchard was installed in randomized blocks, with three replicates, in the municipality of Cordeirópolis, SP, where 20 fruits were collected in each replicate, obtained from free pollination of seven citrandarins, Swingle citrumelo and Rangpur lime. The following variables were evaluated: fruit mass, height, diameter, total number of seeds and percentage of viable seeds per fruit; number of embryos per seed, mass of one thousand seeds, number of seeds in 1.0 kg, final emergence rate, number of seedlings per seed, polyembryony rate, emergence speed index and seedling height at 60 days after sowing. For fruit size, the highest values were obtained for Swingle citrumelo. For number of embryos per seed, seedlings obtained through seed and polyembryony, citrandarin TSxPT 245 showed the highest values. Although citrandarin fruits had smaller size than fruits from commercial Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo rootstocks, characteristics related to seeds such as viability, polyembryony and emergence rate, were similar or superior, and can be considered potential new rootstocks for the production of citrus plants.

scholarly journals Performance of ‘Cadenera’ orange trees grafted on five rootstocks

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Ricardo Domingues ◽  
Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves ◽  
Inês Fumiko Ubukata Yada ◽  
Rui Pereira Leite Junior ◽  
Zuleide Hissano Tazima
Keyword(s):  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Canopy Size ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Abstract Citriculture is an important alternative for the agribusiness development in the state of Paraná, Brazil. However, the use of a few cultivars of scion and rootstock restricts the harvest period and increases the vulnerability to pests and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative growth, production and fruit quality of ‘Cadenera’ orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck ) grafted on five rootstocks, during nine harvests, under a subtropical environmental condition. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications, two plants per plot, and five rootstocks: ‘Rangpur’ lime (C. limonia Osb.), ‘Cleopatra’ (C. reshni hort. ex Tanaka ) and ‘Sunki’ mandarins (C. sunki hort. ex Tanaka (L.) Raf.), ‘Swingle’ citrumelo [C. paradisi Macfad. x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], and ‘C-13’ citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Pera x P.s trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. Biometric variables, and fruit yield and quality were analyzed. The smallest canopy size was induced by ‘Rangpur’ lime and ‘C 13’ citrange rootstocks. ‘Swingle’ citrumelo and ‘C 13’ citrange provided the highest yields for the ‘Cadenera’ sweet orange trees and were superior to ‘Rangpur’ lime. Trees grafted on ‘C 13’ citrange presented the highest yield and productive efficiency.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of mama-cadela and araçá fruits collected in the cerrado of Goiás

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
J. L. C. Souza ◽  
L. B. Silva ◽  
R. X. Costa ◽  
M. C. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Fruit Mass

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of different matrices of mama-cadela and araçá. Physical evaluations were: longitudinal fruit diameter (DLF), fruit cross diameter (DTF), fruit mass (MF), longitudinal seed diameter (DLS), seed transverse diameter (DTS) and seed mass (MS) . Chemical analyzes consisted of analyzing pH, titratable acidity, humidity and ashes. The results of the physical and chemical analyzes were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Scoott-Knott test (p <0.05). The mean values of DLF; DTF; MF; DLS; DTS; MS; pH; titratable acidity; moisture and ash of the bitch-breast fruits were: 2.18 cm; 1.95 cm; 4.34 g; 1.73 cm; 1.40 cm; 1.57 g; 4.97; 0.49%; 66.31% and 32.50%. The fruits of araçá presented average values of longitudinal, transverse diameter, fruit mass, pH and titratable acidity: 2.58 cm; 2.03 cm; 6.39 g; 3.44; and 0.94%. The results showed variability among the mama-cadela breeds regarding chemical and physical evaluations; and no differences were observed between the araçá matrices in the physical variables..

scholarly journals Physiological quality of citrandarins, Poncirus trifoliata and Sunki mandarin seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
Patrícia Marluci Da Conceição ◽  
Fernando Alves De Azevedo ◽  
Gerhard Vitor Ecker ◽  
Marilia Morelli ◽  
Mariangela Cristofani-Yaly
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Citrus Seeds ◽  
Fruit Mass

Rangpur lime is the rootstock most used in Brazil, mainly due to its resistance to drought; however, it is susceptible to several diseases, requiring the search for other rootstocks tolerant to factors limiting citrus cultivation. In addition, the Brazilian legislation stipulates that citrus seeds can only be commercialized with at least 50% germination rate. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of seven citrus rootstocks. The following citrus fruits were harvested: Poncirus trifoliata, Sunki mandarin and their hybrids –citrandarins (70, 106, 254, 299 and 310). Fruit mass, diameter and height were measured. Seeds were extracted from fruits, counting the number of normal seeds (not aborted). Seeds were dried up to 20% water content and stored for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The physiological quality of seeds was evaluated before storage (time 0) up to 12 months of storage. The quality of Poncirus trifoliata, Sunki mandarin and citrandarins 70, 106, 254, 299 and 310 seeds was reduced during storage. However, their germination rate remained above 50%, evidencing that seeds of all rootstocks could be marketed until 12 months of storage. The new rootstocks tested have seeds with physiological quality compatible with their parents, in compliance with current legislation.

scholarly journals Performance of 'Oneco' mandarin on six rootstocks in South Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Pereira Gonzatto ◽  
Alisson Pacheco Kovaleski ◽  
Eduardo Cesar Brugnara ◽  
Roberto Luis Weiler ◽  
Ivar Antônio Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Troyer Citrange

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of six rootstocks on yield, fruit quality, and growth of 'Oneco' mandarin during the first seven harvesting seasons, in Butiá, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The rootstocks evaluated were: 'Swingle' citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata), 'Caipira' orange (C. sinensis), 'Troyer' citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), 'Rangpur' lime (C. limonia), 'Volkamer' lemon (C. volkameriana), and 'Flying Dragon' trifoliata orange (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa). Plants budded onto 'Flying Dragon' had the lowest vegetative development, which indicates the dwarfing characteristics of this rootstock, and had the highest mean production efficiency, despite low yield. Plants grafted on 'Volkamer' lemon and 'Rangpur' lime had the highest alternate bearing. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, the most adequate rootstocks for mandarin 'Oneco' are 'Swingle' citrumelo and 'Troyer' citrange, regarding fruit yield and quality.

Effect of Seed Number on Preharvest Drop and Fruit Mass of Three Apple Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 513d-513
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Ward ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Ross E. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Filled Seeds ◽  
June Drop

The factors controlling preharvest drop are poorly understood. The number of viable seeds in apple fruit has been associated with fruits retained following June drop. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of seed number on time of preharvest drop. In two experiments treatments were imposed to induce variability in seed numbers. Trees of `Redchief Delicious' were covered with 92% shade fabric for 0, 1, 2, or 3 days when fruits averaged 13 mm in diameter. In a second experiment `Redchief Delicious', `Smoothee', and `Commander York' flowers had 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or all 5 stigmas excised at early “popcorn” stage and the remaining stigmas were hand-pollinated. The third experiment investigated drop of the same three cultivars as affected by the natural variability in seed number. Fruits were gathered from under the trees daily from 26 Aug. until all the fruits had fallen from the trees. Fruits were weighed and the number of filled, large aborted and small aborted seeds were counted. Neither total number of seeds, number of filled seeds, total number of aborted seeds, number of large aborted seeds nor number of small aborted seeds explained any appreciable amount of the variation in date of drop (R2 < 0.13). Fruit mass was positively related to seed number for `Delicious', but not for `Smoothee' or `York'.

scholarly journals pH exudate test as a method to estimate viability and vigor of Citrus limonia Osbeck seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Deived Uilian de Carvalho ◽  
Denis Santiago da Costa ◽  
Maria Aparecida da Cruz ◽  
Jéssica de Lucena Marinho ◽  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Quick Test ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Numeric Scale

Abstract: The pH exudate is a quick test used to check the seed membranes integrity; however, its performance is limited due to the singularity of each specie requiring adjustments about its methodology. In this sense, the aim of this study was to perform a quick and accurate physiological potential estimation of Citrus limonia Osb. (‘Rangpur Lime’) seeds through pH exudate test. First, there was carried out the characterization of five seedlots of ‘Rangpur Lime’ by determination of the thousand seed mass, water content, germination and emergence. Then, a complete randomized experimental design was installed in a factorial scheme: 5 × 3 × 2 (five seedlots, three indicator solutions, and two immersion periods), to evaluate the pH exudate. The seeds were individually distributed in polypropylene trays, and after the immersion periods, there were taken pictures and analyzed by a numeric scale. Despite the similarity, the emergence test showed to be more efficient for ‘Rangpur Lime’ seeds comparing to the germination test, because it promoted higher percentage of seedlings. Regarding the pH exudate test, there were not observed differences between the seedlots for both analysis, visual and image, not being efficient to discriminate lots of ‘Rangpur Lime’.

scholarly journals Tomato progenies selection in Rondônia, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Maria José Marques ◽  
Juliana de Fátima Vizú ◽  
Danilo F da Silva Filho ◽  
César Augusto Ticona-Benavente
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
The State ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pericarp Thickness ◽  
Fruit Mass

ABSTRACT This study aimed to select endogamic progenies of tomato cv. Yoshimatsu and to conduct a progeny test in the state of Rondônia. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replicates and eight plants per plot, spacing 1x0.5 m, with one stem. A significant variation was observed among the fifteen progenies for productivity (2.0-5.5 kg plant-1), seed mass with placenta (18-31.5 g fruit-1), number of fruits per plant (18.8-38.7) and soluble solids (3.4-4.2°Brix). No significant variation was noticed for fruit size, pericarp thickness, number of locules, pH, number of flowers and fruit set, though. P6 progeny showed to be the most productive one (110 t ha-1): average fruit mass was 142.5 g, salad type tomato, 7.5 locules, 3.5°Brix, pH 4.2, 60.9 flowers per plant and 64.2% fruit set. Thus, these data show genetic variability of cultivar Yoshimatsu, being possible to obtain lines and/or cultivars with medium to large fruits adapted to the state of Rondônia.

scholarly journals Effect of GA3 and Pollination on Fruit Set and Development in Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Cano-Medrano ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Fruit Mass

To determine if multiple applications of GA3 would increase size of parthenocarpic fruit, and to assess the interaction between GA3 applications and pollination, `Beckyblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) flowers were treated with single or multiple applications of GA3 alone or in combination with full or partial pollination. Single or multiple applications of GA3 resulted in similar or increased fruit set compared with pollination, and increased fruit set compared with no pollination. GA3 applications decreased fruit mass and increased the fruit development period in comparison with pollination alone. Multiple, late applications of GA3 were ineffective in overcoming these effects. Partial (nonsaturating) pollination resulted in an average fruit set of 60%, while set following GA3 treatment in combination with full or partial pollination averaged 85%. Fruit mass was greater in the full pollination ±GA3 treatments than in all other treatments. The number of large seeds and seed mass per fruit were greatest in the full pollination treatment, and were significantly decreased by all treatments in which GA3 and/or partial pollination were used; however, there were no concomitant effects of GA3 in delaying the fruit development period. Our results indicate that under optimal pollination conditions, no detrimental effects of GA3 applications on fruit set, fruit size, or fruit development period in blueberry are to be expected, even though GA3 reduces seed number and seed mass. Furthermore, GA3 applications appear to be beneficial in increasing fruit set under suboptimal pollination conditions, although smaller fruit are to be expected under such conditions. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3).

scholarly journals Tree Growth and Production of Rainfed Valencia Sweet Orange Grafted onto Trifoliate Orange Hybrid Rootstocks under Aw Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2533
Author(s):  
Eduardo Augusto Girardi ◽  
Antonio Juliano Ayres ◽  
Luiz Fernando Girotto ◽  
Leandro Peña
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Brazil is the largest producer of sweet orange and its juice in the world. Extensive cultivated area is located under an Aw climate in the North–Northwest of the state of São Paulo and the Triângulo of Minas Gerais state, being subjected to severe drought events. Although 56% of the orchards are irrigated in these regions, there is a need for drought tolerant rootstocks as an alternative to traditional genotypes such as Rangpur lime and Volkamer lemon, which are susceptible to the endemic citrus sudden death disease (CSD). In this sense, the tree size and production of Valencia sweet orange grafted onto 23 rootstock genotypes were evaluated over a ten-year period in rainfed cultivation at 7.0 m × 3.0 m spacing. Most evaluated types resulted from the cross of Poncirus trifoliata with Citrus, but two interspecific hybrids of Citrus (Sunki mandarin × Rangpur lime hybrids), the Barnes trifoliate orange and a tetraploid selection of Swingle citrumelo were also tested. Tropical Sunki mandarin was used as the reference control. Those hybrids coming from the cross of Sunki × Flying Dragon induced large tree sizes to Valencia sweet orange as well as the other citrandarins, Tropical Sunki mandarin and the Sunki mandarin × Rangpur lime hybrids, whereas only the tetraploid Swingle citrumelo behaved as a dwarfing rootstock, decreasing the canopy volume by 77% compared to that induced by the most vigorous citrandarin 535. The citrandarins 543 and 602 and the citrange C38 induced the highest mean fruit production, 67.2 kg·tree−1, but they also caused pronounced alternate bearing and only the hybrid 543 led to a high production efficiency consistently. Graft incompatibility symptoms were not observed over the evaluation period, and the canopy shape of Valencia sweet orange was also influenced by the rootstocks tested. Two citrandarins and one citrange were selected as the most promising alternative rootstocks for Valencia sweet orange grown under an Aw climate, even though productivity would likely benefit from supplementary irrigation.

scholarly journals Protection of Citrus Rootstocks Against Phytophthora spp. with a Hypovirulent Isolate of Phytophthora nicotianae

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Colburn ◽  
J. H. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fibrous Roots ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Phytophthora root rot of citrus in Florida is caused by Phytophthora nicotianae and P. palmivora. A naturally occurring isolate of P. nicotianae (Pn117) was characterized as hypovirulent on citrus roots. Pn117 infected and colonized fibrous roots, but caused significantly less disease than the virulent isolates P. nicotianae Pn198 and P. palmivora Pp99. Coincident inoculation of rootstock seedlings of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata) or Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata) with the hypovirulent Pn117 and the virulent isolates Pn198 and Pp99 did not reduce the severity of disease caused by the virulent Phytophthora spp. When either rootstock was inoculated with the hypovirulent Pn117 for 3 days prior to inoculation with virulent isolates, preinoculated seedlings had significantly less disease and greater root weight compared with seedlings inoculated with the virulent isolates alone. Recovery of the different colony types of Phytophthora spp. from roots of sweet orange (C. sinensis) or Swingle citrumelo was evaluated on semiselective medium after sequential inoculations with the hypovirulent Pn117 and virulent Pp99. Pn117 was isolated from roots at the same level as the Pp99 at 3 days post inoculation. Preinoculation of Pn117 for 3 days followed by inoculation with Pp99 resulted in greater recovery of the hypovirulent isolate and lower recovery of the virulent compared with coincident inoculation.

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