Foliar application of biofertilizer in semi-hydroponic lettuce fertigated with saline nutrient solution

Water scarcity in the world is a problem diagnosed especially in countries with large semi-arid regions such as Brazil. Research has been conducted with a view to making use of saline waters as an input for cultivation, particularly in hydroponics, with especial focus on lettuce, the most prominent leafy vegetable in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of lettuce in a semi-hydroponic system fertigated with saline water and under foliar fertilization with biofertilizer. The present study was carried out in a greenhouse located in the experimental area of the Department of Environmental and Technological Sciences (DCAT) of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, in the municipality of Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with treatments arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates, two salinity levels of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution (0.5 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four biofertilizer concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60%) applied by foliar spraying. The evaluated characteristics were: shoot diameter, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh mass, dry mass, leaf succulence, leaf area and specific leaf area. The use of saline water to prepare the nutrient solution reduces fresh mass and dry mass production in the lettuce crop. The biofertilizer can be applied through the leaves at concentration of up to 20%, promoting greater plant growth.

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Morphometric responses and tolerance of pomegranate seedlings irrigated with saline water

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n5p341-346 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 341-346

Author(s):

João P. N. de Almeida ◽

Vander Mendonça ◽

Anderson A. Alves ◽

Raulino Cardoso Neto ◽

Luilson P. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Arid Region ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

G Ratio ◽

Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Information on the production of seedlings and initial growth of pomegranate irrigated with saline water is scarce in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of irrigation water salinity levels on the growth and tolerance of pomegranate seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, located at the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. A randomized block design with five treatments [electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw) of 0.6, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0 dS m-1] and five replicates, with three plants per plot, was used. At 120 days after sowing, the following characteristics were evaluated: shoot, root and total lengths (cm); stem diameter (mm), dry mass of stem, leaves, root system and total (g); ratio between root and shoot dry mass; Dickson quality index and salinity tolerance. Growth and dry biomass accumulation in pomegranate seedlings were compromised with increased salinity in irrigation water, but with a lower intensity when subjected up to EC of 6.0 dS m-1. Regarding the criterion of evaluation of tolerance to salinity, pomegranate seedlings were moderately tolerant to salinity.

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Allometry and morphophysiology of papaya seedlings in a substrate with polymer under irrigation with saline water

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. e3339

Author(s):

EXPEDITO CAVALCANTE NASCIMENTO NETO ◽

Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽

Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira Bezerra ◽

Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽

Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Blade Area

The availability and quality of the irrigation water are among the limitations for the development of agriculture in the semiarid. Aiming at gathering information on these limitations, this work aimed to evaluate the association between a water-absorbing polymer and water salinity in irrigation frequencies, as well as container volumes on the allometric and morphophysiological indices of seedlings of the papaya (Carica papaya) cultivar ‘Sunrise Solo’. The treatments were obtained from the combination between the water-absorbing polymer (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0, and; 1.2 g dm-3), the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.3; 1.1; 2.7; 4.3, and; 5.0 dS m-1), and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate), plus two additional treatments (0.75 and 1.30 dm3) to study the effects of the container volume, distributed in a randomized block design. At 55 days after sowing, the following characteristics were evaluated: ratio between stem height and diameter; ratio between shoot and root dry matter; root density; leaf blade area; ratio between total leaf area and root dry mass; specific leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf mass ratio; and Dickson quality index. The allometric and morphophysiological indices were damaged by the increase of water electrical conductivity and favored by the application of the polymer and a higher irrigation frequency. In the production of papaya seedlings, a daily irrigation frequency must be prioritized, using containers of 0.75 or 1.30 dm-3, water with electrical conductivity up to 2.6 and 1.9 dS m-1 when irrigated daily or in alternate days, respectively, and 0.6 g dm-3 of polymer.

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CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DA PRIMEIRA REBROTA DE CULTIVARES DE SORGO SOB DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo ◽

10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v16n3p449-459 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

JOÃO PAULO NUNES COSTA ◽

JOSÉ FRANCISMAR MEDEIROS ◽

RAFAELA MENDES DE ANDRADE NUNES ◽

EDMILSON GOMES CAVALCANTE JÚNIOR ◽

JOSÉ FLAVIANO BARBOSA LIRA

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Arid Region ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

RESUMO - Avaliou-se comportamento da rebrota de cultivares do sorgo sacarino e forrageiro no semiárido potiguar sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O ensaio foi realizado em março de 2015, nas condições de campo, em um argissolo no município de Upanema-RN, região Nordeste do Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados completos, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 4 x (5 x 2), com quatro repetições, sendo quatro lâminas de irrigação (50, 75, 100 e 125% da ETc), e cinco cultivares (duas cultivares sacarinas, BRS 506 e BRS 511, e três forrageiras IPA 467-4-2, IPA SF-15 e BRS Ponta Negra) combinadas com duas densidade de plantio nas subparcelas. As variáveis avaliadas foram as produtividades de massa fresca e seca. Verificou-se que a lâmina de irrigação repondo 100% da ETc proporcionou maior rendimento de biomassa e que as cultivares sacarinas apresentaram baixa capacidade de rebrota, sendo as variedades IPA SF 15, IPA 467-4-2 e a BRS Ponta Negra as mais produtivas.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, semiárido, estresse hídrico. GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF THE FIRST REGROWTH OF SORGO CULTIVARS UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION BLADES ABSTRACT - Behavior of re-growth of saccharin sorghum and forage sorghum cultivars in the semi-arid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, under different irrigation blades was evaluated. The experiment was carried out in March 2015 under field conditions in an argisol in the municipality of Upanema-RN, northeast region of Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized complete block design with four replications (4 x 5 x 2), four irrigation blades (50, 75, 100 and 125% of ETc estimated from climatic data of Mossoró-RN) and five cultivars (two saccharin cultivars, BRS 506 and BRS 511, and three forage cultivars, IPA 467-4-2, IPA SF-15 and BRS Ponta Negra) combined with two planting densities in the subplots. Fresh and dry mass productivities were evaluated. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (F test) and the means were compared by the Tukey test at the 5% probability level, using the SAEG 8.1 software. It was verified that the irrigation blade replacing 100% of the ETc provided a higher yield of biomass and that the saccharin cultivars presented a low sprout capacity, with the varieties IPA SF 15, IPA 467-4-2 and BRS Ponta Negra being the most productive. Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, semiarid, water stress.

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Effect of Saline Stress and Calcium Nitrate on Lettuce Grown on Coconut Fiber

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n11p259 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 259

Author(s):

Francisco de A. de Oliveira ◽

Isabelly C. da S. Marques ◽

Ana Jacqueline de Oliveira Targino ◽

Carla J. X. Cordeiro ◽

Mychelle K. T. de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Block Design ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Leaf Succulence ◽

Nutrient Solutions

This study aimed to evaluate the use of saline solutions enriched with calcium nitrate in the production of lettuce grown in coconut fiber. The experiment was carried out from July to August 2017 in a greenhouse, at the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, in 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with three replicates. Treatments resulted from the combination of two lettuce cultivars [Elba (Curly) and Irene (Crisphead)] and five nutrient solutions (S1- standard nutrient solution; S2-S1 + NaCl (28.48 mmol L-1); S3-S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (6.89 mmol L-1); S4-S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (9.15 mmol L-1); S5-S2 + Ca(NO3)2 (11.43 mmol L-1)]. Plants were harvest 30 days after transplantation and the following variables were analyzed: head diameter, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, specific leaf area and leaf succulence. The cv. Irene (Crisphead) is more tolerant to nutrient solution salinity compared with the cv. Elba (Curly). Nutrient solutions enriched with 50 and 100% of Ca(NO3)2 promoted better performance of the cultivars Elba and Irene, respectively, fertigated with saline nutrient solution.

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Irrigação com águas salinas e aplicação de prolina foliar em cultivo de pimentão ‘All Big’

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v7i4.1671 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 513 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Geovani Soares de Lima ◽

João Batista dos Santos ◽

Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Average Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design

It is proposed in this study the evaluation of the growth and yield of ‘All Big’ sweet pepper under foliar application of proline and irrigation with saline water. The research was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lisimeters under greenhouse conditions, using an Eutrophic Entisol with sandy-loam texture in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. A randomized block design was used testing two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.6 and 3.0 dS m-1) associated to four proline levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 mmol L-1). Irrigation with water with ECw= 3.0 dS m-1 negatively affected the ‘All Big’pepper growth and the stem dry mass, being the most sensitive variable; the highest values for fresh mass, number and average weight of pepper fruits were obtained when water with ECw=0.6 dS m-1 was used, with proline doses of 12.17 and 0 mmol L-1, respectively; increasing proline doses did not mitigate the deleterious effects caused by irrigation water salinity of 3.0 dS m-1 on growth and yield of ‘All Big ‘ sweet pepper.

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IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE TRÊS CULTIVARES DE ALGODÃO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2008v13n4p467-475 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 467-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andre Moreira de Oliveira ◽

Andler Milton de Paiva Oliveira ◽

Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽

José Francismar Medeiros

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Saline Water ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Plant Yield ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Exposition Time

irrigação com água salina no crescimento inicial de três cultivares de algodão André Moreira de Oliveira; Andlêr Milton de Paiva Oliveira; Nildo da Silva Dias; José Francismar MedeirosDepartamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, [email protected] 1 RESUMO A salinidade dos solos reduz a absorção de água pelas plantas, interferindo no metabolismo e, consequentemente, no crescimento e produção das mesmas. Com o objetivo de investigar o comportamento de três cultivares de algodão, (“VERDE”, “MARROM” e “8H”) irrigados com águas de diferentes níveis de salinidade (0,5; 2,5; 4,5; 6,5 e 8,5 dS m-1), conduziu-se um experimento em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, localizado no município de Mossoró – RN. As variáveis analisadas foram: consumo hídrico, altura de planta, fitomassas fresca e seca e área foliar. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições e quinze tratamentos. As variáveis analisadas foram afetadas significativamente pelos níveis de salinidade testados, afetando o desenvolvimento das três cultivares, sendo diretamente proporcionais ao aumento da concentração salina da água de irrigação e ao tempo de exposição da planta ao tratamento. UNITERMOS: condutividade elétrica, salinidade, Gossypium sp. OLIVEIRA, A. M. de; OLIVEIRA, A. M. de P.; DIAS, N. da S.; MEDEIROS, J. F. Effect of irrigation with saline water on the development of three cotton cultivars 2 ABSTRACT The salinity of soil reduces the absorption of water by plants, interfering in the metabolism and, consequently, in plant yield. The objective of this work was to study the behavior of three cotton cultivars, ("VERDE", "MARROM" and "8H") irrigated with water of different salinities (0.5; 2.5; 4.5; 6.5 and 8.5 dS m-1). The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment at theFederalRuralUniversity of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró,Rio Grande doNorte State,Brazil. The analyzed variables were: water consumption, height of plant, fresh and dry mass, and leaf area. A completely randomized design with three replicates and fifteen treatments was used. The analyzed variables had a significant effect on the levels of salinities tested, affecting the development of the three cultivars. The effects were directly proportional to the increase of salt concentration in the irrigation water and to the exposition time to the treatment. KEY WORDS: electric conductivity, salinity, Gossypium sp.

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ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS E CRESCIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS DE CAJUEIRO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E CONCENTRAÇÕES DE PROLINA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2021v1n1p169-183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 169-183

Author(s):

Leandro de Pádua Souza ◽

Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Reynaldo Teodoro De Fátima ◽

Geovani Soares de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arid Region ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Anacardium Occidentale ◽

Physiological Indices ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Quality Water ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

E Mail ◽

Semi Arid

ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS E CRESCIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS DE CAJUEIRO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E CONCENTRAÇÕES DE PROLINA LEANDRO DE PÁDUA SOUZA1; REGINALDO GOMES NOBRE2; HANS RAJ GHEYI1; REYNALDO TEODORO DE FATIMA1; GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA1 E GENILSON LIMA DINIZ3 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Aprígio Veloso, 882, Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail:. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia (DCT), Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido. Centro Multidisciplinar de Caraúbas, BR 233, km 01, Sítio Esperança II, Zona rural, Caraúbas - RN, CEP 59780-000. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Jairo Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Pereiros, 58840-000, Pombal, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail. [email protected] 1 RESUMO Na região semiárida a baixa disponibilidade de água de boa qualidade tem se tornado um sério problema para expansão da agricultura, sendo necessário o uso de água com teores elevados de sais. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os índices fisiológicos e crescimento de clones de cajueiro submetidos à diferentes salinidades da água e aplicação exógena de prolina. O trabalho foi conduzido em condições de casa de vegetação em delineamento de blocos casualizados, distribuídos em fatorial 5 x 4 x 2, correspondente a cinco níveis de condutividades elétricas da água - CEa (0,3; 1,0; 1,7; 2,4 e 3,1 dS m-1), quatro concentrações de prolina - CP (0; 4; 8 e 12 mM) e dois clones de cajueiro (CCP 76 e Faga 11) com três repetições e duas plantas por parcela. A irrigação com água salina limita os índices fisiológicos dos porta-enxertos de cajueiro, no entanto, a CEa de até 2,3 dS m-1 promoveu reduções aceitáveis de menos de 10% nestas variáveis. O clone CCP 76 se destacou apresentando maior alocação de fitomassa seca de folha. A aplicação de prolina na concentração de 7,4 mM promoveu maior alocação de fitomassa seca de caule dos porta-enxertos de cajueiro irrigados com águas salinas. Palavras-chave: Anacardium occidentale L., escassez hídrica, atenuante SOUZA, L. de P; NOBRE, R. G; GHEYI, H. R; FATIMA, R. T. de; LIMA, G. S. de; DINIZ, G. L. PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES AND GROWTH OF CASHEW CLONES UNDER SALT STRESS AND PROLINE APPLICATION 2 ABSTRACT In the semi-arid region, the low availability of good quality water has become a serious problem for the expansion of agriculture, requiring the use of water with high levels of salts. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological indices and growth of cashew clones subjected to different salinity of water and exogenous application of proline. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a randomized block design, distributed in a factorial 5 x 4 x 2, corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of the water - ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1), four proline concentrations - PC (0; 4; 8 and 12 mM) and two cashew clones (CCP 76 and Faga 11) with three replicates and two plants per plot. Irrigation with saline water limits the physiological indices of cashew rootstocks; however, ECw up to 2.3 dS m-1 promoted acceptable reductions of less than 10% in these variables. Clone CCP 76 stood out with greater allocation of phytomass. The application of proline at a concentration of 7.4 mM promoted a greater allocation of stem dry phytomass of the cashew rootstocks irrigated with saline water. Keywords: Anacardium occidentale L., water scarcity, mitigating

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Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000800007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1666-1675 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽

Francisco Antonio Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

System Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Root System Development ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Matter Production ◽

Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

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Production of Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R.W. Jobson (Fabaceae) seedlings irrigated with saline water

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n3p182-188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 182-188

Author(s):

Adriana dos S. Ferreira ◽

Caio C. P. Leal ◽

Bruno da S. Guirra ◽

Salvador B. Torres ◽

Marco Porceddu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Saline Irrigation ◽

Total Soluble Sugars ◽

Chlorophylls A And B

ABSTRACT Saline irrigation water at high levels causes disturbance in the growth of more sensitive plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of Pityrocarpa moniliformis seedlings under different electrical conductivity in irrigation water through physiological and biochemical analyses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five water electrical conductivities (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) and four repetitions of 20 plants each, arranged in a randomized block design. Application of the treatments with irrigation water containing NaCl began at 30 days after sowing. To determine the behaviour of the species, the following variables were analysed: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, Dickson quality index, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, as well as the biochemical variables, such as the concentrations of total soluble sugars, free proline and chlorophylls a and b. The increase in irrigation water salinity hampered the growth of P. moniliformis seedlings, with electrical conductivity of 0.5 dS m-1 being the limit for maximum production. The results also indicated that the deleterious effects of salt stress on P. moniliformis seedlings variables increase in concentrations of proline, total soluble sugars and betaine glycine.

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Effect of Foliar Application of Growth Regulators on Vegetative and Physiological Growth Parameters in Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague)

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i2930962 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 100-109

Author(s):

Y. Rajasekhara Reddy ◽

G. Ramanandam ◽

P. Subbaramamma ◽

A. V. D. Dorajeerao

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Area Index ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Trachyspermum Ammi ◽

Number Of Leaves

A field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2018-2019, at college farm, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laidout in a Randomised Block Design with eleven treatments (viz., T1- NAA @ 50 ppm, T2-NAA @ 100 ppm, T3-GA3 @ 50 ppm, T4-GA3 @ 100 ppm, T5-Thiourea @ 250 ppm, T6-Thiourea @ 500 ppm, T7-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.1 ppm, T8-28-Homobrassinolide @ 0.2 ppm, T9-Triacontinol @ 2.5 ppm, T10-Triacontinol @ 5 ppm, T11-(Control) Water spray) and three replications. The treatments were imposed at 30 and 45 DAT in the form of foliar spray. Foliar application of GA3@ 100 ppm (T4) had recorded the maximum plant height (108.20 cm), leaf area (9.53 cm2) and leaf area index (0.74). Foliar application of thiourea @ 250 ppm (T5) had recorded the maximum values with respect to number of primary branches (15.03 plant-1), number of secondary branches (83.40 plant-1), plant spread (1793 cm2 plant-1), fresh weight (376.29 g plant-1), dry weight (103.54 g plant-1) and number of leaves plant-1((298.8). The same treatment (T5) had recorded the highest values with respect to crop growth rate (1.44 gm-2d-1), chlorophyll-a (1.40 mg g-1), chlorophyll-b (0.076 mg g-1) and total chlorophyll contents (1.48 mg g-1) in the leaves.

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