scholarly journals Allometry and morphophysiology of papaya seedlings in a substrate with polymer under irrigation with saline water

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3339
Author(s):  
EXPEDITO CAVALCANTE NASCIMENTO NETO ◽  
Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽  
Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira Bezerra ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Blade Area

The availability and quality of the irrigation water are among the limitations for the development of agriculture in the semiarid. Aiming at gathering information on these limitations, this work aimed to evaluate the association between a water-absorbing polymer and water salinity in irrigation frequencies, as well as container volumes on the allometric and morphophysiological indices of seedlings of the papaya (Carica papaya) cultivar ‘Sunrise Solo’. The treatments were obtained from the combination between the water-absorbing polymer (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0, and; 1.2 g dm-3), the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.3; 1.1; 2.7; 4.3, and; 5.0 dS m-1), and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate), plus two additional treatments (0.75 and 1.30 dm3) to study the effects of the container volume, distributed in a randomized block design. At 55 days after sowing, the following characteristics were evaluated: ratio between stem height and diameter; ratio between shoot and root dry matter; root density; leaf blade area; ratio between total leaf area and root dry mass; specific leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf mass ratio; and Dickson quality index. The allometric and morphophysiological indices were damaged by the increase of water electrical conductivity and favored by the application of the polymer and a higher irrigation frequency. In the production of papaya seedlings, a daily irrigation frequency must be prioritized, using containers of 0.75 or 1.30 dm-3, water with electrical conductivity up to 2.6 and 1.9 dS m-1 when irrigated daily or in alternate days, respectively, and 0.6 g dm-3 of polymer.

scholarly journals Efeito da adubação nitrogenada na formação de mudas de goiabeira irrigadas com águas salinizadas

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Silva ◽  
R. G. Nobre ◽  
L. P. Souza ◽  
F. W. A. Pinheiro ◽  
A. B. A. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

<p>Além de favorecer o desenvolvimento e a produção das culturas, a adubação tem sido considerada uma técnica capaz de reduzir o efeito da salinidade nas plantas. Neste sentido, desenvolveu-se o trabalho<strong> </strong>para avaliar a influência de doses de nitrogênio na formação de mudas de goiabeira cv. Paluma irrigadas com águas de diferentes salinidades. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimetar da UFCG, Pombal, PB com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, sendo os tratamentos correspondentes aos níveis de condutividade elétrica da água (CEa) de 0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7 e 3,5 dS m<sup>-1</sup> associados a 70, 100, 130 e 160% da dose recomendada de nitrogênio (N) para mudas de goiabeira cv. Paluma, com quatro repetições, e cinco plantas por unidade experimental. Aos 180 dias após a emergência, a adubação nitrogenada na dose de 773 mg de N dm<sup>-3</sup> reduz o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre o diâmetro do caule das mudas. As plantas adubadas com as doses variando de 541 a 618,4 mg de N dm<sup>-3</sup> atingem maior crescimento em altura de planta, número de folhas e área foliar. A área foliar e a massa seca total de mudas de goiabeira atingem maiores valores no nível de CEa de 1,3 dS m<sup>-1</sup>.</p><p align="center"><strong>Effect of nitrogen fertilization in the formation of guava seedlings irrigated with salted water</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>In addition to favoring the development and production of crops, the fertilizer has been considered a technique capable to reduce the effect of salinity on plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the ‘Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar’ of UFCG, Pombal, PB in a randomized block design a 5 x 4 factorial, with the treatments corresponding to the electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw) 0.3; 1.1; 1.9; 2.7 and 3.5 dS m<sup>-1</sup> associated with doses of 70, 100, 130 and 160% of recommended nitrogen (N) for guava seedlings Paluma,  with four replications, using five plants per experimental unit. At 180 days after emergence, the nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 773 mg N dm<sup>-3</sup> reduces the effect of irrigation water salinity on the stem diameter of seedlings. The plants fertilized with doses ranging from 541 at 618.4 mg of the N dm<sup>-3</sup> reach higher growth in plant height, leaf number and leaf area. The leaf area and total dry mass of guava seedlings reach higher values at the ECw level of 1.3 dS m<sup>-1</sup>.</p>

scholarly journals Production of Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R.W. Jobson (Fabaceae) seedlings irrigated with saline water

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Adriana dos S. Ferreira ◽  
Caio C. P. Leal ◽  
Bruno da S. Guirra ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Marco Porceddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B

ABSTRACT Saline irrigation water at high levels causes disturbance in the growth of more sensitive plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of Pityrocarpa moniliformis seedlings under different electrical conductivity in irrigation water through physiological and biochemical analyses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five water electrical conductivities (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) and four repetitions of 20 plants each, arranged in a randomized block design. Application of the treatments with irrigation water containing NaCl began at 30 days after sowing. To determine the behaviour of the species, the following variables were analysed: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, Dickson quality index, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, as well as the biochemical variables, such as the concentrations of total soluble sugars, free proline and chlorophylls a and b. The increase in irrigation water salinity hampered the growth of P. moniliformis seedlings, with electrical conductivity of 0.5 dS m-1 being the limit for maximum production. The results also indicated that the deleterious effects of salt stress on P. moniliformis seedlings variables increase in concentrations of proline, total soluble sugars and betaine glycine.

scholarly journals Morphophysiology of guava under saline water irrigation and nitrogen fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idelfonso L. Bezerra ◽  
Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Leandro de P. Souza ◽  
Francisco W. A. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of grafted guava cv. ‘Paluma’ subjected to different concentrations of salts in irrigation water and nitrogen (N) fertilization. The plants were transplanted to 150 L lysimeters and under field conditions at the Science and Agri-food Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the municipality of Pombal - PB. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, and the treatments corresponded to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3; 1.1; 1.9; 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four N doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the N dose recommended for the crop). The doses equivalent to 100% corresponded to 541.1 mg of N dm-3 of soil. Irrigation water salinity above 0.3 dS m-1 negatively affects the number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, dry phytomass of leaves, branches and shoots . A significant interaction between irrigation water salinity and N fertilization was observed only for the number of leaves and leaf area at 120 days after transplanting. N dose above 70% of the recommendation (378.7 mg N dm-3 soil) did not mitigate the deleterious effects caused by salt stress on plant growth.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit seedlings under salt stress and hydrogen peroxide1

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Leandro de Pádua Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Gas Exchanges

ABSTRACT The semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast has adequate edaphoclimatic conditions for the passion fruit production, but the water used for irrigation commonly has high concentrations of salts that are harmful to the plant growth and development. A previous supply of hydrogen peroxide induces the acclimation of plants under saline stress conditions, reducing deleterious effects on their growth and physiology. This study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit as a function of irrigation with saline water and exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, using a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, being four levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity (0.7 dS m-1, 1.4 dS m-1, 2.1 dS m-1 and 2.8 dS m-1) and four hydrogen peroxide concentrations (0 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM and 75 µM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. The hydrogen peroxide application attenuated the deleterious effects of the irrigation water salinity on transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate, internal carbon concentration, plant height and leaf area of yellow passion fruit, at 60 days after sowing, with the concentration of 25 µM being the most efficient. Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity above 0.7 dS m-1 negatively affects the gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit, being the stomatal conductance and leaf area the most sensitive variables to the salt stress.

scholarly journals Physiology in Talisia esculenta seedlings under irrigation with saline water on substrate with hydrogel

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-774
Author(s):  
Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽  
◽  
Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira Bezerra ◽  
Raiff Ramos Almeida Nascimento ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

Salinity interferes in the physiology of seedlings from germination and seedling emergence, so it is necessary to adopt measures to mitigate its effects. The objectives of this research were to evaluate irrigation frequency, saline water, polymer, and container volume in the emergence and physiology of Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil.) Radlk. The treatments were obtained from the combination of polymer doses (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0; and 1.2 g dm-3), electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.3; 1, 1; 2.7; 4.3; and 5.0 dS m-1), and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate), plus two additional treatments to assess the volume of the container. A randomized block design was used. Emergence and leaf indices of chlorophyll, fluorescence, and gas exchange were analyzed 100 days after sowing. The increase in electrical conductivity reduced and delayed seedling emergence. Decreasing irrigation frequency reduced the chlorophyll b index, stomatal conductance, transpiration, net CO2 assimilation, and carboxylation efficiency. The magnitude of the effects of electrical conductivity of water and polymer were associated with the frequency of irrigation. However, both salinity and polymer reduced practically all physiological variables. The reduction in container volume also affected the physiology of the seedlings, with more effects when irrigated on alternate days. The T. esculenta seedlings are considered sensitive to salinity, should be irrigated daily with water with less electrical conductivity than 1.0 dS m-1, as well as higher capacity containers used (0.75 vs 1.30 dm3).

scholarly journals Irrigação com águas salinas e aplicação de prolina foliar em cultivo de pimentão ‘All Big’

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
João Batista dos Santos ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design

It is proposed in this study the evaluation of the growth and yield of ‘All Big’ sweet pepper under foliar application of proline and irrigation with saline water. The research was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lisimeters under greenhouse conditions, using an Eutrophic Entisol with sandy-loam texture in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. A randomized block design was used testing two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.6 and 3.0 dS m-1) associated to four proline levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 mmol L-1). Irrigation with water with ECw= 3.0 dS m-1 negatively affected the ‘All Big’pepper growth and the stem dry mass, being the most sensitive variable; the highest values for fresh mass, number and average weight of pepper fruits were obtained when water with ECw=0.6 dS m-1 was used, with proline doses of 12.17 and 0 mmol L-1, respectively; increasing proline doses did not mitigate the deleterious effects caused by irrigation water salinity of 3.0 dS m-1 on growth and yield of ‘All Big ‘ sweet pepper.

scholarly journals Frequency of irrigation with saline water in sugar-apple seedlings produced on substrate with polymer

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 825-830
Author(s):  
Aldeir R. Silva ◽  
Francisco T. C. Bezerra ◽  
Lourival F. Cavalcante ◽  
Walter E. Pereira ◽  
Leandro M. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of sugar-apple seedlings under irrigation management with saline water in a substrate with soil amendment. Treatments were obtained from the arrangement between polymer doses (0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0 and 1.2 g dm-3) and levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity (0.3, 1.1, 2.7, 4.3 and 5.0 dS m-1), associated with irrigation frequencies (daily and every alternate day), and two additional treatments to evaluate container volume (1.30 and 0.75 dm3), using a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. At 120 days after sowing, the variables substrate salinity, stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves and Dickson quality index were determined. Data were submitted to analyses of variance, regression and contrast. Substrate salinity increased with the increase in irrigation water electrical conductivity and polymer doses. Growth and quality of the seedlings were reduced with increasing irrigation water salinity, and highest values of the variables were obtained in seedlings under daily irrigation. Container with larger volume led to higher growth. The use of hydrated polymer at the adopted levels had no effect on growth and quality of seedlings, requiring further studies. To produce sugar-apple seedlings with better quality, irrigation frequency should be daily and water electrical conductivity should be lower than 2 dS m-1.

scholarly journals Irrigação com águas salinas e adubação nitrogenada na produção de mudas mamoeiro “Formosa”

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Leandro de Pádua Souza ◽  
Sabrina Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Jonathan Estievns Soares Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

<p>A ocorrência de longos períodos de estiagem e a irregularidade anual das precipitações no Semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro torna a prática da irrigação imprescindível para garantir a produção agrícola com segurança, no entanto, as fontes hídricas disponíveis nem sempre são de boa qualidade. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da irrigação com águas de distintos níveis salinos associado a doses de nitrogênio sobre o crescimento de mudas de mamoeiro 'Formosa' em condições de semiárido nordestino. O experimento foi conduzido em sacolas plásticas sob condições de ambiente protegido no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal da Campina Grande, campus Pombal- PB. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com 4 repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água – CEa (0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7 e 3,5 dS m<sup>-1</sup>) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (70, 100, 130 e 160% de N recomendada). A condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação a partir de 0,3 dS m<sup>-1</sup> afetou negativamente altura da planta e fitomassa seca de caule. Observa-se que a dose de 70% de N e de 100% proporcionou respectivamente, maior produção de fitomassa seca de raiz e número de folhas. Não foi verificado efeito significativo para as variáveis diâmetro do caule e fitomassa seca do caule submetida a distintas CEa e adubação nitrogenada; assim como, não houve interação entre os fatores (CEa x Adubação com N) sobre o crescimento das mudas, As variáveis NF, FFF, FSF, FSR apresentaram tolerância ao aumento da condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Irrigation with saline water and nitrogen in seedlings papaya production "Formosa" </em></strong></p><pre><strong>Abstract:</strong> The occurrence of long periods of drought and the annual irregularity of precipitation in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast make irrigation practice essential to ensure safe agricultural production, however, the available water sources are not always of good quality. In this way, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with waters of different saline levels associated with nitrogen rates on the growth of 'Formosa' papaya seedlings under northeastern semiarid conditions. The experiment was carried out in plastic bags under protected environment conditions at the Center of Science and Technology Agrifood of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal - PB campus. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications, being the treatments composed of five levels of electrical conductivity of the water (EC, 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four nitrogen doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% N recommended). The electrical conductivity of irrigation water from 0.3 dS m-1 negatively affected plant height and dry stem biomass. It is observed that the dose of 70% of N and of 100% provided, respectively, greater dry matter production of root and number of leaves. No significant effect was observed for the variables stem diameter and dry stem biomass submitted to different CEa and nitrogen fertilization; As well as, there was no interaction between the factors (CEa x Fertilization with N) on the growth of the seedlings. The variables NF, FFF, FSF, FSR presented tolerance to the increase of electrical conductivity of irrigation water. </pre>

scholarly journals Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

scholarly journals The Response of Fordhook Giant / Swisschard (Beta vulgaris var Cicla) and Mustard (Brassica Juncea) Spinach Vegetables to Irrigation with Saline Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. V. Dlamini ◽  
M. T. Masarirambi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The University

Saline irrigation water is becoming an important water source as fresh water is fast becoming a scarce resource in many areas of the world, including Eswatini, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.  A study to test the response of two varieties of spinach (fordhook giant and mustard) to salinity was conducted in a field pot experiment at the Faculty of Agriculture at the Luyengo Campus of the University of Eswatini.  The treatments were laid in a randomized block design (RCBD).  The experiment consisted of four treatments, each replicated twelve times.  Treatments were salinity levels of 0.0 dS/m, 1.5 dS/m, 2.0 dS/m and 3.5 dS/m.  All the treatments were subjected to similar agronomic practices. Spinach was grown and observed for a period of five weeks.  Plant height was measured and the number of leaves counted weekly throughout the experiment. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between salinity treatments were obtained for plant height beginning in week 2 but were more pronounced in week 3, 4 and week 5.  No significant differences were obtained for the number of leaves.  There were however, clear significant differences between spinach irrigated with none saline irrigation water compared to saline irrigation water.   It was concluded that irrigating spinach with saline water of more than 2.0 dS/m drastically reduce plant growth but not the number of leaves under the conditions of the experiment.

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