scholarly journals The Hellenic Parliament’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Fotios Fitsilis ◽  
Athanasia Pliakogianni
Keyword(s):  
Global Response ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Political Evolution ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
Informal Rules

Because of their particular nature, representative institutions around the globe are usually well equipped, both legally and capacity-wise, to adequately respond to political crises; this is what political evolution has taught them. Responses to political crises have been developed and take the form of formal or informal rules of procedure that lie at the disposal of the Speaker or other parliamentary functionaries. On the contrary, battling a health crisis does not immediately belong to the issues a parliament under normal circumstances deals with. Hence, the scattered responses by the world’s parliaments, as pointed out by recent studies, come as no surprise. This article showcases the Hellenic Parliament, which constitutes a classic example of a legislature combating the pandemic situation through a gradual and multidimensional response. Its relevant actions are displayed and analysed vis à vis the average global response. As the pandemic seems far from being over, the article attempts a series of future projections on how to deal with it in the long run.

COVID-19's Impact on Tanzania's Economy and Key Sector Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Nyanjige Mbembela Mayala
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Competing Priorities

Many governments in developing countries cannot respond to COVID-19 as solely a health crisis given the economic and political crises that also emerge. Tanzania's unconventional approach to COVID-19 may be slow in response and may lack direction, but its uniqueness illustrates the need for governments to form context-specific smart containment strategies and recovery plans. The government can increase public health funding to local health centers to implement mass testing, enforce social distancing and sanitation measures, and invest in agriculture and other key sectors to produce for the domestic economy. These initiatives enable the government to maintain multiple competing priorities: managing the transmission rate while ensuring food security and protecting jobs.

Bhutan: The Role of the Constitutional Monarch in a Public Health Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Sonam Tshering ◽  
Nima Dorji
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Drug Smuggling ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government

This chapter reflects on Bhutan’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The people’s trust and confidence in the leadership of His Majesty the King, their government, strong Buddhist values to help each other, and the conscience of unity and solidarity proved their foremost strength in containing this pandemic as a nation. The king’s personal involvement helped guide, motivate, and encourage compliance with and support for the government’s response. However, Bhutan faced several challenges during the pandemic. Though most of the people are united, there are outliers who took advantage of the situation; there are reported cases of drug smuggling and one case of a person who escaped from quarantine. The government responded by increasing border patrols. In the long run, other solutions could be considered: installing a smart wall—using drones, sensors, and artificial intelligence patrols—would give Bhutan more control over its borders in the context of another epidemic while also enabling the government to better control smuggling.

scholarly journals The Italian response to the economic and health crises: a budgetary comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denita Cepiku ◽  
Benedetta Marchese ◽  
Marco Mastrodascio
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Italian Context

PurposeThis article aims at shedding light on differences in terms of crisis management approaches adopted by the Italian government in order to tackle the two most impactful crises that heavily hit the entire globe in the last 15 years: the financial and economic crisis occurred in 2007/2008 and the health crisis occurred in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the article makes conceptual previsions on the potential impact of the health crisis even though, at this time, it is hard to predict the exact extent of its negative consequences.Design/methodology/approachThe authors implement a comparative approach, in terms of budgetary response, to identify the differences and the consequences of the different responses provided by the Italian government to deal with the two worldwide crises.FindingsWhile the economic and financial crisis occurred in the past decade required the Italian government to adopt predominantly austerity measures, the pandemic occurred due to the spreading of COVID-19 pushed the Italian government to adopt investment and fiscal policy based on tax breaks in order to allow the re-launch of the socio-economic fabric of the nation.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper stems from the scant research focused on the budgetary response of governments to tackle global crises. In addition, the paper endeavours to demonstrate the consequences of the myopic vision of the political leaders who, as it occurred in the Italian context, mainly aimed at maximizing the results in the short run at the expense of the potential consequences in the long run.

scholarly journals Sustainable, Smart and Safe Mobility at the Core of Sustainable Tourism in Six European Islands

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Claudio Mantero
Keyword(s):  
Large City ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Long Run

AbstractTransport and tourism are rising economic sectors based on their mutual growth on reliable technological tools, affordable energy sources in relatively peaceful decades. This growing trend, faced along years of sudden slowdown caused mainly by the financial and health crisis; one of the most severe and recent episodes was the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic outbreak is representing a global turning point for both international markets of tourism and transport which can be addressed with innovative solutions looking to retake the growing trends. In such a changing framework CIVITAS DESTINATIONS European project addressed the main challenges of tourism and resident mobility at local (rural, urban area, large city) and regional levels, focusing on six European islands (Malta, Cyprus, Elba, Crete, Gran Canaria, Madeira) aiming to implement and evaluate 83 different sustainable mobility measures. The project proves to have a cumulative relevant impact on environmental indicators such as CO2 emission avoided, fossil fuel saved and energy saved. Additionally, the project findings focus on the quality of life and economic development to grant long-run environmental and financial sustainability of tourism and transport at the local and regional levels. The main aspects observed were related to public participation and governance models in touristic mobility integrated with the residents’ needs, touristic mobility the island, role of technologies to focus on final user needs, growing trends of elder and disabled people, new integrated and innovative business in tourism and mobility markets, health at the core of future trends.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Impact of COVID-19 in Oil Exporting Countries: An Analytical Review of the Macroeconomic Indicators in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Miftahu Idris ◽  
Oruonye E. D.
Keyword(s):  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The Public Sphere

One of the most burning issues that have dominated the public sphere in Nigeria and other oil exporting countries is the covid-19 pandemic and its attendant challenges. This pandemic is a shock on real economic fundamentals and frictionless of the market. It introduces a barrier between the market forces with strong complementary feedbacks in the real economy. The absence of precise vaccine or medication for the virus has necessitated the adoption of several precautionary measures with the aim of containing its wide spread. Critical among which are the travel restrictions, lockdown measures as well as social and physical distancing. These measures have detrimental effect on the demand and price of oil in the international market. In view of that, this study evaluates the social and economic impact of covid-19 in Nigeria taking into cognisance the effect on certain critical macroeconomic indicators. The study adopted an analytical approach to supplement the much ongoing documentations on the subject matter. Result shows that virtually all essential macroeconomic indicators are grossly affected with tax, remittances and employment exhibiting severe consequences. Also, uncertainty, panics and lockdown measures are key to motivating higher decrease in world demand. The supply disruptions and huge death toll generates a heightened uncertainty and panic for household and business. This uncertainty and panic leads to drop in consumption and investment thereby causing a decrease in corporate cash flows and triggered firm’s bankruptcy. Also, lay-off and exiting firms produce higher unemployment while labour income decreased significantly. Since it entails a large amount of government expenditure especially in the health sector which is required to contain the spread of the virus, there is needs for government to diversify its revenue sources and thus drop over dependency on the oil remittance. Furthermore, there is a need to support the financial system to avoid the health crisis becoming a financial crisis in the long-run.

COVID-19 INFODEMIC IN INDIA: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
Rakesh Anbazhagan ◽  
Srinivas Govindarajulu ◽  
Sudha Seshayyan
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Day By Day

At this pandemic situation where the global response to ght the COVID-19 pandemic through the cooperation of the general public, the negative shade of internet connectivity has been revealed, with the overload of misinformation which is being spread about the virus and management of outbreak are increasing day by day, may pose a greater risk to public health. These widespread of misinformation, rumours and fake news is termed as Infodemic by the WHO (World Health Organization), these massive content of misinformation makes it difcult for people to obtain the information from the trustworthy sources. With hope hanging on the vaccine, the scepticism and false information being rapidly developing towards it, would cause another health crisis. Getting correct and accurate information via reliable sources, especially the information which is provided by the ofcial institutions and organs of governments could help in decreasing the apprehension among the public. With this insight the paper aims to review about the infodemic, its implication and hindrances to combat Covid-19 in India.

The Responsibility Paradox

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-168
Author(s):  
Amy Yamei Wang ◽  
Cheryl Qianru Zhang ◽  
Eko Liao
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Business World ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

As countries start to emerge from the pandemic with the development of vaccines, the impact of COVID-19 and the changes it has initiated in the business world will continue to be felt across industries. In this chapter, real-life stories from three different industries—chain restaurants, interior design, and cafés—and the lessons they have learned will be discussed and analyzed. The role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in SMEs is highlighted as a strategy in which organizations can promote the long-term sustainability of their business. Then, three companies in various industries will be introduced with details about how COVID-19 has changed their outlook and goals in competing with other firms and the ways in which they confronted the pandemic. Finally, the authors share implications and offer helpful recommendations as to how SMEs can leverage resources smartly to engage in smart CSR initiatives in better dealing with a global health crisis and play a larger role in taking care of stakeholders in the long run.

Some Economic Aspects of Ethical-Behavioural Codes

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland N. McKean
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Democratic Government ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Informal Rules

Some informal rules merely save decision-making costs in social exchanges, but we try to use others as social contracts to produce public goods. (In fact, effective ethical-behavioural constraints may be essential to retention and the useful functioning of markets and democratic government.) Ethical-behavioural tenets are themselves public goods, however, adherence to them being vulnerable to cheap- or free-rider difficulties. In the long run, therefore, desirable informal laws will be underprovided. Nonetheless, according to both theory and observation, individuals sometimes overturn their free-riderism, compulsively sacrifice their selfish interests, and maintain useful customs and rules. Conditions that determine the costs and ‘indoctrinated’ or psychic rewards to individuals for their adherence are discussed. These conditions will shape the degree of underproduction of advantageous behavioural codes.

scholarly journals WHO guidance on ethics in outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic: a critical appraisal

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106959
Author(s):  
Abha Saxena ◽  
Paul André Bouvier ◽  
Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki ◽  
Johannes Köhler ◽  
Lisa J Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Starting Point

In 2016, following pandemic influenza threats and the 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease outbreaks, the WHO developed a guidance document for managing ethical issues in infectious disease outbreaks. In this article, we analyse some ethical issues that have had a predominant role in decision making in response to the current COVID-19 pandemic but were absent or not addressed in the same ways in the 2016 guidance document. A pandemic results in a health crisis and social and political crises both nationally and globally. The ethical implications of these global effects should be properly identified so that appropriate actions can be taken globally and not just in national isolation. Our analysis, which is a starting point to test the broader relevance of the 2016 WHO document that remains the only available guidance document applicable globally, concludes that the WHO guidance should be updated to provide reasoned and thoughtful comprehensive ethics advice for the sound management of the current and future pandemics.

Crisis and the Trajectory of Science: Evidence from the 2014 Ebola Outbreak

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Caroline Viola Fry
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Publication Output ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
West African ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Endemic Country ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Science Evidence

Abstract When crises such as disease outbreaks occur in low-income countries, the global response can inuence the output of researchers in the most affected locations. This paper investigates the impact of the 2014 West African Ebola epidemic on publication outcomes of endemic country scientists. Driven by collaborations with high-income country scientists in Ebola publications, endemic country scientists with relevant experience increase their publication output. However, the productivity of scientists without relevant experience falls, driving a reduction in non-Ebola publications. Any benefits arising from increased visibility during the epidemic doesn't appear to spillover to non-Ebola or Africa-led research in the long run.

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