scholarly journals Aerobic Plate Count of Contaminants and Molecular Characterization of Eschereichia Coli in Raw Chicken Meat in Ismailia, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
El-Sayed A. Afify ◽  
Fahim A Shaltout ◽  
Zakaria, I. M
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

A total number of 100 samples from ten random broiler chicken carcasses (breast and thigh) were collected from an automatic poultry slaughtering plant in Ismailia city, Egypt. The mean values of Enterobacteriacae count were 5.9x104±9.7x103 cfu/g and 7.1x 104 ± 1.1x104 cfu/g for chicken breast and thigh samples respectively. The prevalence of E.coli were 12% and 9% breast and thigh samples examined, respectively. They are serologically identified as 33.35 and 22.2% O157:H7 (EHEC) , 16.6% and 11.1% O114:H21(EPEC), 16.6% and 33.3 %O127:H6 (ETEC) , 0% and 0% O126 (ETEC) and 33.3% and 0% O26 (EHEC) for breast and thigh samples, respectively. The incidence of E.coli O157:H7 was 100% in both serological and PCR methods from biochemical positive E.coli samples. Culture is specific and cheap whereas PCR is sensitive and expensive, hence, we recommend both culture and molecular methods, which improve sensitivity and specificity, to enhance detection of foodborne pathogens including E.coli.

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Microbial Contaminants in Raw Cow Milk of Tangail District in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Mahmud ◽  
Md. Firoz Ali ◽  
Md. Omar Faruque ◽  
Muhammad Wasim ◽  
Fatematuz Zuhura Evamoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the microbial quality and associated health Methodology: An intensive study was carried out from January¬ to October 2019 at the Tangail district of Bangladesh to assess bacterial contamination of raw milk. A total of 60 samples were examined by following the standard bacteriological methods and the health impact was evaluated with the help of a semi-structured-based questionnaire. Molecular characterization of isolated bacteria was carried out by PCR. Results: Results revealed the mean values of TVC and TCC in raw milk, udder, oil, and utensil samples were 7.6×106, 8.8×106, 4.6×106, and 1.3×106 cfu/ml and 3.7×105, 1.4×106, 4.4×105, and 8.9×104 cfu/ml, respectively. The yeast and mold in raw milk, udder, and oil were 1.5×103, 1.8×103, and 1.3×102cfu/ml, respectively, and the mean values of E. coli in the above-mentioned samples were 1.9×103, 1.8×104, 2.1×103, and 1.6×103cfu/ml, respectively. On the other hand, the mean values of Salmonella spp. in raw milk, udder, oil, and utensil samples were 2.4×102, 7.9×102, 1.5×102, and 1.1×102cfu/ml, respectively. Some selected isolates confirmed by molecular identification were tested for their sensitivity against some common antibiotics used in Bangladesh. Escherichia coli showed 70% resistance to Amoxicillin and 90% sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin whereas Salmonella spp. And Staphylococcus aureus showed 90% resistance to Ampicillin and both were 80% and 90% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, respectively. Conclusion, Significance, and Impact of Study: Milk producers should be appropriately trained to monitor the overall hygienic conditions surrounding the production and handling of milk until it reaches the consumer. Frequent monitoring of the milk production facility, occasional testing of raw milk, and minimal use of antibiotics will ensure the quality of milk. Consumption of quality milk and avoidance of raw milk consumption will reduce the health risk of the consumers.

scholarly journals Ampelographic and molecular diversity among grapevine (Vitis spp.) cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sabir ◽  
S. Tangolar ◽  
S. Buyukalaca ◽  
S. Kafkas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vitis Spp

This study presents the ampelographic and molecular characterization of 44 grapevine cultivars. Ampelographic data were obtained during two vegetation periods using the latest version of the descriptors. Based on the mean values transformed by the method indicated in IBPGR publications, a dendrogram was constructed. ISSR analysis was also employed to characterize the genotypes at the DNA level. Twenty primers, selected on the basis of their discriminating potential, generated a total of 157 bands, of which 140 were polymorphic. The dendrograms constructed by the two approaches were largely similar in both the clustering position and divergence of varietal groups. The least distance was observed between Yuvarlak Cekirdeksiz and Superior Seedless. The clustering position of cultivars throughout the dendrograms was basically related to the genetic distances and main uses, as well as to geographic origins.

Survey of the Bacterial Populations of Bologna Products1,2

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 692-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN T. FRUIN ◽  
JAMES F. FOSTER ◽  
JAMES L. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Bologna products most frequently are stored and consumed as refrigerated products. Thus bacteria that survive processing or those that contaminate the product subsequent to processing are not destroyed. Ten types of presliced, vacuum-packaged bologna products were purchased from a high-volume retail market and analyzed for total aerobic plate count (APC) and common foodborne pathogens. No Salmonella were isolated. Less than 1% of the 419 samples analyzed contained either Clostridium perfringens or Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 4% of the samples, but only one sample contained more than 1000/g. Just over 5% of the samples contained coliform organisms. The manufacturer appeared to play an important role in bacterial quality of the finished items. An APC < 5 × 106/g is a realistic criterion for bologna products at the time of delivery to retail markets.

A National Survey of the Microbiological Quality of Retail Raw Meats in Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID PHILLIPS ◽  
DAVID JORDAN ◽  
STEPHEN MORRIS ◽  
IAN JENSON ◽  
JOHN SUMNER
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

A national survey of the microbiology of meat (ground beef and diced lamb) at the retail level in Australia was undertaken. For ground beef samples (n = 360), the mean aerobic plate count (APC) was 5.79 log CFU/g, and Escherichia coli was detected in 17.8% of samples; the mean population for these positive samples was 1.49 log CFU/g. Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 96.9% of samples (mean for positive samples, 3.01 log CFU/g), and coagulase-positive staphylococci were detected in 28.1% of samples (mean for positive samples, 2.18 log CFU/g). For diced lamb samples (n = 360), the mean APC was 5.71 log CFU/g, and E. coli was detected in 16.7% of samples (mean for positive samples, 1.67 log CFU/g). Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 91.1% of samples (mean for positive samples, 2.85 log CFU/g), and coagulase-positive staphylococci were detected in 22.5% of samples (mean for positive samples, 2.34 log CFU/g). Salmonella was recovered from 4 (1.1%) of the 360 ground beef samples (isolates were Salmonella Typhimurium phage types), and E. coli O157 was recovered from 1 (0.3%) of 357 samples; Campylobacter and Clostridium perfringens were not recovered from any of the 91 and 94 samples tested, respectively. Salmonella was recovered from 2 (0.6%) of the 360 diced lamb samples (serovars were Salmonella Infantis and Salmonella Typhimurium), Campylobacter was recovered from 1 (1.1%) of 95 samples, and C. perfringens was recovered from 1 (1.1%) of 92 samples.

The Service Time Properties of an Unreliable Server Characterize the Exponential Distribution

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Khalil ◽  
B. Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Unreliable Server ◽  
Service Disciplines ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Server Reliability ◽  
Preemptive Repeat Different

Consider the total service time of a job on an unreliable server under preemptive-repeat-different and preemptive-resume service disciplines. With identical initial conditions, for both cases, we notice that the distributions of the total service time under these two disciplines coincide, when the original service time (without interruptions due to server failures) is exponential and independent of the server reliability. We show that this fact under varying server reliability is a characterization of the exponential distribution. Further we show, under the same initial conditions, that the coincidence of the mean values also leads to the same characterization.

scholarly journals A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF BRAIN GLIOMAS, BY MEANS OF SEMI-AUTOMATIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Dawid Surowka ◽  
Dariusz Adamek ◽  
Edyta Radwanska ◽  
Marek Lankosz ◽  
Magdalena Szczerbowska-Boruchowska
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Brain Gliomas

The aims of this paper were to present a reliable morphometric procedure for glioma analysis for preliminary prognosis and to develop a semi-automatic procedure that is easy to use. The data presented are important to the extent that they verify the reliability of the results by showing that they are consistent with the findings from more complicated automatic analytical tools. The objects for analysis were digital images of haematoxylin-eosin stained glioma samples. The overall analysis consisted of digital image analysis and the determination of morphometric parameters. Interestingly, an increase in the mean values of aspect ratio with increasing malignancy grade was found. Moreover, the morphometric parameters in relation to the histological origin of gliomas were examined and it was found that, the cellular nuclei of glioblastoma multiforme reveal the biggest mean values of aspect ratio compared with other gliomas.

scholarly journals Biomechanical characterization of swimmers with physical disabilities

Motricidade ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir Junior ◽  
Alexandre Medeiros ◽  
Kelly Jesus ◽  
Nuno Domingos Garrido ◽  
Rui Corredeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Stroke Frequency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Incremental Protocol

The evaluation of swimming technique is one of the main aspects to be considered in any training program, with biomechanics being an important source of knowledge. It was our objective to characterize the biomechanical parameters (SL and SF) relating them to the swimming velocity (v) at different intensities and to analyze within each swimming stroke cycle the intra-cyclic velocity variation (IVV) in a group of motor disabled swimmers. Eight disabled male swimmers (25.83 ± 2.93 years old, 72.45 ± 9.26 kg body mass and 1.79 ± 0.11 m of height) of the following functional classes: S6 (n = 1), S8 (n = 2) and S9 (n = 5) participated in this study. Swimmers were evaluated in the kinematic parameters v, stroke frequency (SF) and stroke length (SL) along with an incremental protocol of 6 x 200 m in the the crawl stroke. Data were registered in each step at the distances of 100 and 175 m. With increasing velocity, the mean values of SL decreased while the mean values of SF increased. To achieve higher swimming velocities, swimmers compensated the lack of the propulsive segment increasing SF to increase swimming speed. For the mean values of IVV at 100m distance, a decrease between the first and second levels, followed by a tendency to stabilize from the 2nd to the 6th level is presented. For the 175 m distance, there was a decrease in IVV with an increase in swimming velocity. Stroke frequency is directly related to the magnitude of IVV, which directly influences swimming performance.

scholarly journals Microorganisms Move a Short Distance into an Almond Orchard from an Adjacent Upwind Poultry Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Theofel ◽  
Thomas R. Williams ◽  
Eduardo Gutierrez ◽  
Gordon R. Davidson ◽  
Michele Jay-Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
And Control ◽  
Almond Orchard

ABSTRACT Over a 2-year period, drag swabs of orchard soil surface and air, soil, and almond leaf samples were collected in an almond orchard adjacent to (35 m from the first row of trees) and downwind from a poultry operation and in two almond orchards (controls) that were surrounded by other orchards. Samples were evaluated for aerobic plate count, generic Escherichia coli, other coliforms, the presence of Salmonella, bacterial community structure (analyzed through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene), and amounts of dry solids (dust) on leaf surfaces on trees 0, 60, and 120 m into each orchard. E. coli was isolated from 41 of 206 (20%) and 1 of 207 (0.48%) air samples in the almond-poultry and control orchards, respectively. Salmonella was not isolated from any of the 529 samples evaluated. On average, the amount of dry solids on leaves collected from trees closest to the poultry operation was more than 2-fold greater than from trees 120 m into the orchard or from any of the trees in the control orchards. Members of the family Staphylococcaceae—often associated with poultry—were, on average, significantly (P < 0.001) more abundant in the phyllosphere of trees closest to the poultry operation (10% of relative abundance) than in trees 120 m into the orchard (1.7% relative abundance) or from any of the trees in control orchards (0.41% relative abundance). Poultry-associated microorganisms from a commercial operation transferred a short distance into an adjacent downwind almond orchard. IMPORTANCE The movement of microorganisms, including foodborne pathogens, from animal operations into adjacent plant crop-growing environments is not well characterized. This study provides evidence that dust and bioaerosols moved from a commercial poultry operation a short distance downwind into an almond orchard and altered the microbiome recovered from the leaves. These data provide growers with information they can use to assess food safety risks on their property.

Bacteriological Profile of Raw, Frozen Chicken Nuggets

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOFRONI EGLEZOS ◽  
GARY A. DYKES ◽  
BIXING HUANG ◽  
NARELLE FEGAN ◽  
ED STUTTARD
Keyword(s):  
Plate Count ◽  
Chicken Nuggets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The bacteriological profile of raw, frozen chicken nuggets manufactured at a chicken processing facility in Queensland, Australia, was determined. Chicken nuggets are manufactured by grinding poultry, adding premixes to incorporate spices, forming the meat to the desired size and shape, applying a batter and breading, freezing, and packaging. A total of 300 frozen batches were analyzed for aerobic plate count, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella over a period of 4 years. The mean of the aerobic plate count was 5.4 log CFU/g, and counts at the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles were 5.7, 5.9, and 6.5 log CFU/g, respectively. The maximum number of bacteria detected was 6.6 log CFU/g. E. coli prevalence was 47%, and of the positive samples, the mean was 1.9 log CFU/g; counts at the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles were 2.3, 2.4, and 2.8 log CFU/g, respectively. The maximum number of E. coli was 2.9 log CFU/g. The Salmonella prevalence was 8.7%, and 57.7% of these isolates were typed as Salmonella subspecies II 4,12,[27]:b:[e,n,x] (Sofia), a low-virulence serotype well adapted to Australian poultry flocks. There was a significant relationship (P &lt; 0.05) between season and both aerobic plate counts and E. coli counts, and no correlation between E. coli counts and Salmonella prevalence. This study provides valuable data on the bacteriological quality of raw, frozen chicken nuggets.

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