scholarly journals Coronavirus: A Practicing Veterinarian Prospective

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz ◽  
Muhammad Mudasser Nazir ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Mubashir Aziz ◽  
Kamal Niaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Current Population

COVID19 is posing threat cosmopolitically encompassing more than 200 countries and making threat to entire population globally as pandemic. The cats, dogs and bovine are at threat which are close partner to human population. The veterinarians specially practicing are at risk when they encounter the sick animals. This study focus to the Pakistani veterinarian where animal population is under estimated or sometimes census is not performed. As Current population of domestic animals in Pakistan consist of 23.34 million buffaloes, 22.42 million cattle, 24.24 million sheep, 49.14 million goats, and with a huge population of dogs and cats without official census which may pose a threat to innocent population and even more a practicing veterinarian and veterinary paramedics are more at threat, if god forbids. There is need for further investigation its role and zoonotic perspective. Regarding practicing field veterinarians fighting without weapons against mass destructing pathogen and making vulnerability on wide.

scholarly journals Epizootiology and measures for repressing leptospirosis in cattle herds

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
Bratislav Kisin ◽  
Mira Zivadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Economic Damages

Leptospirosis is a cause of great economic damages in cattle-breeding, and it is a great sanitary problem for human health. Therefore we tried to examine the situation in our area, through a period of 15 years, from the in year 1988. until year 2002.We gained insight into the spread of the sickness on our epizootic area, both for the animal population and for the human population.

scholarly journals Birth Rates and their possible association with the prevalence of Infectious Disease

1931 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. L. Cumpston
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Birth Rates

It will, perhaps, be interesting to students of epidemiology to compare with the delicate and complex reactions of an experimental animal population the grosser reactions of a human population. In Australia the materials have been singularly favourable for a demographical study.

scholarly journals Waterborne outbreak of campylobacter enteritis after outdoors infantry drill in Utti, Finland

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aho ◽  
M. Kurki ◽  
H. Rautelin ◽  
T. U. Kosunen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Waterborne Outbreak ◽  
Heat Stable

SUMMARYDiarrhoea, abdominal pain, malaise and fever affected 75 of the 88 conscript soldiers in Utti, Finland after an outdoors infantry drill.Campylobacter jejuni, heat-stable serotype 3/43/59. was isolated from 37 out of 63 men investigated. A clear serological response was evident in the risk group and negligible in the control group. The entire population at risk was interviewed.

scholarly journals Modelling habitat suitability in Jordan for the cutaneous leishmaniasis vector (Phlebotomus papatasi) using multicriteria decision analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008852
Author(s):  
Emi A. Takahashi ◽  
Lina Masoud ◽  
Rami Mukbel ◽  
Javier Guitian ◽  
Kim B. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Use Of Resources

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonotic vector-borne neglected tropical disease transmitted by female Phlebotomine sand flies. It is distributed globally but a large proportion of cases (70–75%) are found in just ten countries. CL is endemic in Jordan yet there is a lack of robust entomological data and true reporting status is unknown. This study aimed to map habitat suitability of the main CL vector, Phlebotomus papatasi, in Jordan as a proxy for CL risk distribution to (i) identify areas potentially at risk of CL and (ii) estimate the human population at risk of CL. A literature review identified potential environmental determinants for P. papatasi occurrence including temperature, humidity, precipitation, vegetation, wind speed, presence of human households and presence of the fat sand rat. Each predictor variable was (a) mapped; (b) standardized to a common size, resolution and scale using fuzzy membership functions; (c) assigned a weight using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP); and (d) included within a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) model to produce monthly maps illustrating the predicted habitat suitability (between 0 and 1) for P. papatasi in Jordan. Suitability increased over the summer months and was generally highest in the north-western regions of the country and along the Jordan Valley, areas which largely coincided with highly populated parts of the country, including areas where Syrian refugee camps are located. Habitat suitability in Jordan for the main CL vector—P. papatasi—was heterogeneous over both space and time. Suitable areas for P. papatasi coincided with highly populated areas of Jordan which suggests that the targeted implementation of control and surveillance strategies in defined areas such as those with very high CL vector suitability (>0.9 suitability) would focus only on 3.42% of the country’s total geographic area, whilst still including a substantial proportion of the population at risk: estimates range from 72% (European Commission’s Global Human Settlement population grid) to 89% (Gridded Population of the World) depending on the human population density data used. Therefore, high impact public health interventions could be achieved within a reduced spatial target, thus maximizing the efficient use of resources.

scholarly journals Characterization of rabies virus isolated from a colony of Eptesicus furinalis bats in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Fernandes de Almeida ◽  
Silvana R. Favoretto ◽  
Luzia F. Alves Martorelli ◽  
José Trezza-Netto ◽  
Angélica Cristine de Almeida Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Inoculation Techniques ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Rabies Diagnosis

Some bat species have adapted to the expanding human population by acquiring the ability to roost in urban buildings, increasing the exposure risk for people and domestic animals, and consequently, the likelihood of transmitting rabies. Three dead bats were found in the yard of a house in an urban area of Jundiaí city in the state of São Paulo in southeast Brazil. Two of the three bats tested positive for rabies, using Fluorescent Antibody and Mouse Inoculation techniques. A large colony of Eptesicus furinalis was found in the house's attic, and of the 119 bats captured, four more tested positive for rabies. The objectives of this study were to report the rabies diagnosis, characterize the isolated virus antigenically and genetically, and study the epidemiology of the colony.

Ever‐More Rooted Americans

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude S. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Population Surveys ◽  
Current Population

Many scholars attribute contemporary ills to greater “rootlessness” among Americans. Residential mobility may be of some concern because local communities are disordered and vulnerable individuals are at risk when turnover is especially rapid. However, rates of residential mobility actually declined between the 19th and 20th centuries and continued to decline between 1950 and 1999. Analysis of Current Population Surveys shows that: in the population overall, the decline in mobility rates occurred for local moves—rates of cross‐county moves stayed almost constant; Americans across age, race, gender, and class experienced the decline; but certain specific groups experienced either no drop or a slight increase in mobility. The latter seem distinctive in being the most economically marginal.

scholarly journals Use of GIS and Remote Sensing Data to Understand the Impacts of Land Use/Land Cover Changes (LULCC) on Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) Habitat in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3590
Author(s):  
Tauheed Ullah Khan ◽  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
Charlotte E. Hacker ◽  
Shahid Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Amir Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Panthera Uncia

Habitat degradation and species range contraction due to land use/land cover changes (LULCC) is a major threat to global biodiversity. The ever-growing human population has trespassed deep into the natural habitat of many species via the expansion of agricultural lands and infrastructural development. Carnivore species are particularly at risk, as they demand conserved and well-connected habitat with minimum to no anthropogenic disturbance. In Pakistan, the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is found in three mountain ranges—the Himalayas, Hindukush, and Karakoram. Despite this being one of the harshest environments on the planet, a large population of humans reside here and exploit surrounding natural resources to meet their needs. Keeping in view this exponentially growing population and its potential impacts on at-risk species like the snow leopard, we used geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing with the aim of identifying and quantifying LULCC across snow leopard range in Pakistan for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020. A massive expansion of 1804.13 km2 (163%) was observed in the built-up area during the study period. Similarly, an increase of 3177.74 km2 (153%) was observed in agricultural land. Barren mountain land increased by 12,368.39 km2 (28%) while forest land decreased by 2478.43 km2 (28%) and area with snow cover decreased by 14,799.83 km2 (52%). Drivers of these large-scale changes are likely the expanding human population and climate change. The overall quality and quantity of snow leopard habitat in Pakistan has drastically changed in the last 20 years and could be compromised. Swift and direct conservation actions to monitor LULCC are recommended to reduce any associated negative impacts on species preservation efforts. In the future, a series of extensive field surveys and studies should be carried out to monitor key drivers of LULCC across the observed area.

scholarly journals Common marmosets Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Primates: Cebidae: Callitrichinae) in an urban mangrove: behavioral ecology and environmental influences

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-632
Author(s):  
Juliana Ribeiro de Albuquerque ◽  
Maria Adélia Borstelmann de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Callithrix Jacchus ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Mangrove Area ◽  
The Common

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a primate found in urban forests and in high density of human population sites, however there is insufficient informations about its behavior in mangroves. One group of marmosets was monitored in the Espaço Ciência museum, in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, located in a mangrove area that has been deforested for years, but has a few remaining fragments. We used scan sampling and all occurrences methods for behavioral data collection, between September 2012 and February 2013. Moving was the most frequent behavior, occupying 24.4% of the behavioral repertoire and human-provided food made up 52% of their diet. The group of marmosets interacted with people, wild and domestic animals and objects introduced by humans, such as buckets and nets for collecting organic material belonging to other research projects. While the urban environment offered conditions for group establishment in the study area, the inclusion of human foods in the diet and the relation of the marmosets with various abiotic and biotic components of the landscape endanger the health and survival, and that of other animals and people involved in the interactions.

scholarly journals Conservation by Utilisation

Oryx ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Crawford
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
The Subject

The African continent is so productive it could have doubled the world's meat production today if there had been proper wildlife management over the last fifty years. But European man has brought the wild animals to the verge of extinction for the sake of his own unsuitable domestic animals, notably the cow. Today there are signs of change, with farmers looking to the ranching of wild animals, and national parks selling meat from animals that have to be culled. But time is short. The increasing human population is leading rapidly to the complete disappearance of wildlife outside national parks, and the author believes that today every large mammal species is in danger. The only hope for wildlife lies in its utilisation, and the implications of this will be the subject of a second article in the next Oryx.

scholarly journals New records of Muscidae (Diptera) in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hera Luana Luiz ◽  
Tiago Ledesma Taira ◽  
Wilson Werner Koller
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
New Records ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Synanthropic flies outstanding beside other flies due their relative abundance close to domestic animals and human population, to which they are able to cause myiasis or transmit pathogenic agents. As they're necrophagous they act as corpse decomposers and are useful in the forensic entomology in the post mortem interval determination. This study aimed to know flies diversity and abundance in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Captures were made weekly, utilizing three traps baited with decaying fish meat, from June of 2008 to May of 2009 in a remainder ciliary forest of the Embrapa's Cattle Beef Experimental Farm. The dipterans families that were considered and respectively number of collected specimens were: Calliphoridae (105,334); Muscidae (27,999); Sarcophagidae (21,083); Fanniidae (17,759) and Mesembrinellidae (305), totalizing 172,480 dipterous. To the local known species some Muscidae were increased as follows: Neomuscina atincticosta, Pseudoptilolepis elbida, Polietina orbitalis, Polietina flavithorax, Scutellomusca scutellaris, Graphomya analis and Morellia couriae.

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