scholarly journals Waterborne outbreak of campylobacter enteritis after outdoors infantry drill in Utti, Finland

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aho ◽  
M. Kurki ◽  
H. Rautelin ◽  
T. U. Kosunen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Waterborne Outbreak ◽  
Heat Stable

SUMMARYDiarrhoea, abdominal pain, malaise and fever affected 75 of the 88 conscript soldiers in Utti, Finland after an outdoors infantry drill.Campylobacter jejuni, heat-stable serotype 3/43/59. was isolated from 37 out of 63 men investigated. A clear serological response was evident in the risk group and negligible in the control group. The entire population at risk was interviewed.

scholarly journals Detection of Suicidal Ideation on Social Media: Multimodal, Relational, and Behavioral Analysis

10.2196/17758 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e17758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ramírez-Cifuentes ◽  
Ana Freire ◽  
Ricardo Baeza-Yates ◽  
Joaquim Puntí ◽  
Pilar Medina-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Multimodal Data

Background Suicide risk assessment usually involves an interaction between doctors and patients. However, a significant number of people with mental disorders receive no treatment for their condition due to the limited access to mental health care facilities; the reduced availability of clinicians; the lack of awareness; and stigma, neglect, and discrimination surrounding mental disorders. In contrast, internet access and social media usage have increased significantly, providing experts and patients with a means of communication that may contribute to the development of methods to detect mental health issues among social media users. Objective This paper aimed to describe an approach for the suicide risk assessment of Spanish-speaking users on social media. We aimed to explore behavioral, relational, and multimodal data extracted from multiple social platforms and develop machine learning models to detect users at risk. Methods We characterized users based on their writings, posting patterns, relations with other users, and images posted. We also evaluated statistical and deep learning approaches to handle multimodal data for the detection of users with signs of suicidal ideation (suicidal ideation risk group). Our methods were evaluated over a dataset of 252 users annotated by clinicians. To evaluate the performance of our models, we distinguished 2 control groups: users who make use of suicide-related vocabulary (focused control group) and generic random users (generic control group). Results We identified significant statistical differences between the textual and behavioral attributes of each of the control groups compared with the suicidal ideation risk group. At a 95% CI, when comparing the suicidal ideation risk group and the focused control group, the number of friends (P=.04) and median tweet length (P=.04) were significantly different. The median number of friends for a focused control user (median 578.5) was higher than that for a user at risk (median 372.0). Similarly, the median tweet length was higher for focused control users, with 16 words against 13 words of suicidal ideation risk users. Our findings also show that the combination of textual, visual, relational, and behavioral data outperforms the accuracy of using each modality separately. We defined text-based baseline models based on bag of words and word embeddings, which were outperformed by our models, obtaining an increase in accuracy of up to 8% when distinguishing users at risk from both types of control users. Conclusions The types of attributes analyzed are significant for detecting users at risk, and their combination outperforms the results provided by generic, exclusively text-based baseline models. After evaluating the contribution of image-based predictive models, we believe that our results can be improved by enhancing the models based on textual and relational features. These methods can be extended and applied to different use cases related to other mental disorders.

scholarly journals Detection of Suicidal Ideation on Social Media: Multimodal, Relational, and Behavioral Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ramírez-Cifuentes ◽  
Ana Freire ◽  
Ricardo Baeza-Yates ◽  
Joaquim Puntí ◽  
Pilar Medina-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Multimodal Data

BACKGROUND Suicide risk assessment usually involves an interaction between doctors and patients. However, a significant number of people with mental disorders receive no treatment for their condition due to the limited access to mental health care facilities; the reduced availability of clinicians; the lack of awareness; and stigma, neglect, and discrimination surrounding mental disorders. In contrast, internet access and social media usage have increased significantly, providing experts and patients with a means of communication that may contribute to the development of methods to detect mental health issues among social media users. OBJECTIVE This paper aimed to describe an approach for the suicide risk assessment of Spanish-speaking users on social media. We aimed to explore behavioral, relational, and multimodal data extracted from multiple social platforms and develop machine learning models to detect users at risk. METHODS We characterized users based on their writings, posting patterns, relations with other users, and images posted. We also evaluated statistical and deep learning approaches to handle multimodal data for the detection of users with signs of suicidal ideation (suicidal ideation risk group). Our methods were evaluated over a dataset of 252 users annotated by clinicians. To evaluate the performance of our models, we distinguished 2 control groups: users who make use of suicide-related vocabulary (focused control group) and generic random users (generic control group). RESULTS We identified significant statistical differences between the textual and behavioral attributes of each of the control groups compared with the suicidal ideation risk group. At a 95% CI, when comparing the suicidal ideation risk group and the focused control group, the number of friends (<i>P</i>=.04) and median tweet length (<i>P</i>=.04) were significantly different. The median number of friends for a focused control user (median 578.5) was higher than that for a user at risk (median 372.0). Similarly, the median tweet length was higher for focused control users, with 16 words against 13 words of suicidal ideation risk users. Our findings also show that the combination of textual, visual, relational, and behavioral data outperforms the accuracy of using each modality separately. We defined text-based baseline models based on bag of words and word embeddings, which were outperformed by our models, obtaining an increase in accuracy of up to 8% when distinguishing users at risk from both types of control users. CONCLUSIONS The types of attributes analyzed are significant for detecting users at risk, and their combination outperforms the results provided by generic, exclusively text-based baseline models. After evaluating the contribution of image-based predictive models, we believe that our results can be improved by enhancing the models based on textual and relational features. These methods can be extended and applied to different use cases related to other mental disorders.

Rappresentazioni mentali materne e qualitŕ degli scambi diadici in un gruppo di bambini a rischio di maltrattamento

2009 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Nicolais ◽  
Anna Maria Speranza ◽  
Simona Guarino ◽  
Cristina Trentini
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Relational Experiences ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Negative Affective States

- Problem: maltreatment impacts on the quality of interactive exchanges, precociously putting the infant at risk for maladaptive outcomes. Method: research involved 37 mother-infant dyads at risk for maltreatment and 37 non-referred dyads. AAI has been administered to the mothers; furthermore, dyadic interactive exchanges were observed and video-recorded. Results: in comparison with the control group, the at-risk group shows a prevalence of disorganized models (X= 12,2; p &lt; 0,01). Additionally, in the at-risk group an influence of maternal mental state on the interactive quality has been evidenced: dismissing mothers present lower sensitivity (F = 4,87; p &lt; 0,01), whereas disorganized mothers express more negative affective states (F = 5,65; p &lt; 0,01). Conclusions: early traumatic relational experiences influence maternal state of mind with respect to attachment, thus compromising the process of dyadic affective regulation.Key words: child maltreatment, traumatic experiences, attachment, dyadic interaction.Parole chiave: maltrattamento infantile, esperienze traumatiche, attaccamento, interazione diadica.

scholarly journals Delusion formation and reasoning biases in those at clinical high risk for psychosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (S51) ◽  
pp. s38-s42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Broome ◽  
L. C. Johns ◽  
I. Valli ◽  
J. B. Woolley ◽  
P. Tabraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jumping To Conclusions ◽  
At Risk Mental State

BackgroundCognitive models propose that faulty appraisal of anomalous experiences is critical in developing psychosis, particularly delusions. A data gathering bias may be fundamental to abnormal appraisalAimsTo examine whether there is a data gathering bias in people at high risk of developing psychosisMethodIndividuals with an at-risk mental state (n=35) were compared with a matched group of healthy volunteers (n=23). Participants were tested using a modified version of the ‘beads’ reasoning task with different levels of task difficultyResultsWhen task demands were high, the at-risk group made judgements on the basis of less information than the control group (P < 0.05). Within both groups, jumping to conclusions was directly correlated with the severity of abnormal beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty (P<0.05). In the at-risk group it was also associated with impaired working memory (P<0.05), whereas in the control group poor working memory was associated with a more conservative response style (P<0.05)ConclusionsPeople with an at-risk mental state display a jumping to conclusions reasoning style, associated with impaired working memory and intolerance of uncertainty. This may underlie a tendency to develop abnormal beliefs and a vulnerability to psychosis

scholarly journals Influence of biological and medico0social factors on the formation of schoolchildren's predisposition to negative behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
V.P. Nedelko ◽  
◽  
G.V. Skiban ◽  
L.P. Pinchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
The Family

Purpose — to identify environmental factors that influence on negative behavior in school-age adolescents. Materials and methods. A survey of 256 adolescents in primary schools examined the health status, psychological state of the family and school. 337 adolescents were examined, 101 were at risk group, 80 were adolescent from social rehabilitation boarding schools and 156 were in control group to identify the reasons that prompted adolescents to behave negatively. Results. We found decreased health indicators of adolescents from risk group, a psychological condition in their families was unsatisfactory in a large proportion of adolescents: 13.3% was nervous, 11% was depressed, 7.6% was anxious, 8.8% s aggressive. The same pattern was observed in school conditions — 26.5% of adolescents indicated anxiety-nervous state, 16.2% — depressed, 9.8% — aggressive. Depth researches of into the causes of adolescents' psychological deterioration and their tendency to negative behavior revealed a number of biological and medico-social factors, which include complications of delivery, that was found in the first year of life, raising children in the family, organizing schooling, the prevalence of harmful habits, unhealthy lifestyles and unfavorable family conditions (single-parent families, alcohol abuse parents, child neglect). Conclusions. This study showed that adolescents who are prone to socio-negative behavior have a difficult history of life, a number of social and biological factors that adversely affect their health, psychological development and adaptation in society. To prevent this phenomenon it is necessary to create a state program of preventive education of young people, formation of the concept of healthy lifestyle for each teenager. Teens from families at risk group should be taken on special controls. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of an participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: adolescents, risk factors, health, psychological status.

Anamnestic factors that shape reproductive health of women with repeated unsuccessful popygamy in vitro fertilization

2016 ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
N.V. Cotsabin ◽  
◽  
O.M. Makarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fertilization In Vitro ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Group I

The proportion of patients with multiple unsuccessful attempts of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is about 30% of all patients treated with the use of ART. Women with history of unsuccessful ART attempts - a special category of patients who require emergency attention and a thorough examination at the stage of preparation for superovulation stimulation,the selection of embryos and endometrium preparation for embryo transfer. The objective: to distinguish high-risk group of unsuccessful attempts based on a detailed analysis of anamnestic and clinical data of infertile women with repeated unsuccessful ART attempts that requires more in-depth study of hormonal features, ovarian reserve and condition of the endometrium. Materials and methods. For better understanding of the problem of repeated unsuccessful ART attempts and сreation of efficient infertility treatment algorithms for these couples we conducted a thorough analysis of anamnestic data of three groups of infertile women (105 patients), which were distributed by age: group I – younger than 35, the II group – from 35 to 40, the III group - over 40 years. These groups of patients were compared with each other and with the control group of healthy women (30 persons). Results. Leading stress factors in the percentage three times prevailed in the group of infertile women and had a direct connection with the fact of procedure «fertilization in vitro» and chronic stressors caused by prolonged infertility. Primary infertility was observed significantly more frequent in patients younger than 35 years (p <0.05), secondary infertility - mostly in the second and third experimental groups (p <0.05). Noteworthy significant percentage of wellknown causes of infertility and idiopathic factor in all groups, and the prevalence of tubal-peritoneal factor in the second and third experimental groups, and endocrine dysfunction in the I experimental group. The most common disorder among this category of woman was polycystic ovary syndrome. Frequency of usual miscarriage among patients of I ana II groups was two times higher than in the third group (p <0.05). Among the experimental groups the leading place belongs urinary tract infection, respiratory tract diseases, pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Data of the stratified analysis show an increase likelihood of repeated unsuccessful ART attempts under the influence of constant chronic stress (odds ratio OR=2.06; 95% CI: 0.95–3.17; p<0.05). Conclusions. Among infertile patients with repeated unsuccessful ART attempts must be separated a high risk group of failures. The identity depends on the duration of infertility, female age and leading combination of factors. Key words: repeated unsuccessful ART attempts, anamnesis, infertility, high risk.

Ultrasound screening marker for availability of the fetus bicuspid aortic valve

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Blinov
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Bicuspid Aortic Valve ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Ultrasound Screening ◽  
Screening Marker

A simple ultrasound test is proposed that can be used as a screening method to detect a fetus at risk group for presence of a bicuspid aortic valve.

Penyelidikan KLB keracunan makanan acara ruwahan di desa Mulo, Gunung Kidul provinsi DIY

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mur Prasetyaningrum ◽  
Z. Chomariyah ◽  
Trisno Agung Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
E Coli

Tujuan: Studi ini untuk mengetahui gambaran KLB keracunan pangan yang terjadi di desa Mulo menurut deskripsi epidemiologi, faktor risiko dan penyebab KLB keracunan makanan. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan studi analitik case control, dimana kasus adalah orang yang mengalami sakit pada tanggal 7 - 8 Mei 2017, tinggal di desa Mulo dan mengkonsumsi makanan olahan dari bapak S dan K. Instrument menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil: KLB terjadi di Desa Mulo RT 5 dan 6 dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 18 orang dari total population at risk 112 orang dengan gejala utama diare (100%), mual (72,2%), demam (66,6%), pusing (66,6%) dan muntah (50%). Dari diagnosa banding menurut gejala, masa inkubasi dan agent penyebab keracunan, kecurigaan kontaminasi bakteri mengarah pada E. Coli (ETEC). Masa inkubasi 1-16 jam (rata-rata 9 jam) dan common source curve. Penyaji makanan ada dua (pak K dan pak S). Dari perhitungan AR, berdasarkan sumber makanan mengarah pada makanan dari pak S (AR=42,8%). Bedasarkan menu, perhitungan OR dan CI 95 % jenis makanan yang dicurigai sebagai penyebab KLB adalah urap/gudangan (OR=4,33; p value0,0071) dan sayur lombok (OR=6,31; p value 0,0071). Sampel yang didapatkan adalah sampel air bersih, feses, dan muntahan penderita, sampel makanan tidak didapatkan karena keterlambatan informasi dari masyarakat. Hasil laboratorium, Total Coliform sampel air bersih melebihi ambang batas, sampel feses dan muntahan mengandung bakteri Klebsiella pneumonia.Simpulan: Terdapat 3 (tiga) faktor yang diduga sebagai penyebab keracunan pada warga Desa Mulo yaitu air bersih untuk mengolah makanan tercemar bakteri patogen, pengolahan makanan tidak hygienis dan penyajian makanan pada suhu ruang lebih dari 1 jam.

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