scholarly journals Financing of Liabilities Beyond the Service Life of Nuclear Installations

10.14311/842 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Havlíček
Keyword(s):  
Financial Resources ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Fuel Management ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Nuclear Installation

Operation of a nuclear installation is connected with the creation of long-term liabilities for spent fuel management and disposal, and also decommissioning of the installation (power plant, storages). This means that the operator will have to expend considerable amount of financial resources over a long period after the closure of installation. These financial resources will have to be created during operation of the installation. Related costs to be expended in future must be fully included in the price of electricity, in order to ensure fair competition among different operators. Financial resources for future coverage of liabilities must be continuously invested in order to compensate for inflation and to gain some real interest.Any failure by the operator to comply with its liabilities poses an economic and potentially an environmental hazard for operator’s country. Due attention must therefore be paid to assessing connected costs, defining liabilities and ensuring appropriate regulatory oversight. Appropriate measures must be well defined and firmly anchored in the legislation of countries operating nuclear installations. This paper reviews the basic principles that should ensure operator’s compliance their liabilities, and maps the current situation in the Czech Republic. 

A Study on the Once-Through Back-End Fuel Cycle Scenario

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Hee Lee ◽  
Jongsoon Song ◽  
Jongkuk Lee ◽  
Kunjai Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Fuel Management ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Economical Aspect ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Last Stage

There are three options for spent fuel management, recycle, once-through and wait and see. The national policy for spent fuel in Korea is “wait and see” and it has to be clearly decided for spent fuel management. The final disposal is the last stage of the fuel cycle and it is essential even though the recycling option will be chosen for spent fuel management policy. And the long-term strategy for spent fuel management considering safety and retrievability is needed. In this study, once-through fuel cycle was focused on for back-end fuel cycle. The international trend for SF management policy and the Korean situation has been investigated. The once-through back-end fuel cycle scenarios has been developed and screened in point of technical and economical aspect. The optimal scenario has been derived by relative comparison and the long-term SF management strategy has been proposed which satisfies both domestic conditions and international trends.

Ensuring Integrity of High Energy Piping in the NPP’s of the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Zdarek ◽  
Jan Dotrel ◽  
Vaclav Jarolimek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Defense In Depth

An approach of ensuring the quality of piping of NPP’s on the Czech Republic is described, with focus on high energy piping systems. Basic principles of this approach are described that are aimed to ensure the safety goals while maintaining the effectiveness of NPP operation during its long-term life. This approach ensures defense in depth of the piping. Its application on the high energy piping on +28.8 m level of WWER 1000 type NPP is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Company Value, Real Options and Financial Leverage

10.14311/798 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Drahovzal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Company Value ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
A Company

This paper deals with determining of the value of companies and financial leverage. The author tries to find the optimum debt ratio for selected companies in the Czech Republic. The method of yield option extension is used for evaluating a company. The DCFC method was selected as the yield method, due to its simplicity. The dynamic model used allows us to make changes in the debt ratio with recalculations of all parameters that depend on it. The assessment is made from two points of view: Firstly, the maximum of the total amount of financial resources, and, secondly, the maximum of the inverse sums of the ROE index and the ratio of equity to the value of the company. The values of the total debt ratio and the long-term debt ratio are shown as results. 

Characteristics of the Spent Fuel Generated in Korea

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghak Kook ◽  
Jongwon Choi ◽  
Heuijoo Choi ◽  
Dongkeun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Fuel Management ◽  
Fuel Characteristics ◽  
Reactor Types ◽  
Fuel Accumulation ◽  
Reactor Pool

Nuclear power has satisfied the national electric power demand for three decades, and there are only two reactor types in Korea. The nuclear fuel species, however, have a large variety of fuel types, dimensions, initial enrichment, and fuel supply vendors. A spent fuel accumulation problem has arisen like any other country that uses nuclear power. The spent fuel wet storage capacity in the reactor pool is getting close to its limit, and so hence, short & long-term solutions are being actively proposed. First the general status for the nuclear industries and spent fuels will be introduced, then spent fuel characteristics will follow, and last the future anticipation of spent fuel management will close this article.

CONSTOR® Transport and Storage Cask for Spent Fuel and for High Active Waste

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Diersch ◽  
Robert Gartz ◽  
Konrad Gluschke
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Type B ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Active Waste ◽  
Intermediate Storage ◽  
Near Future ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Rbmk Fuel

Abstract The CONSTOR® was developed with special consideration to an economical and effective way of manufacturing by using conventional mechanical engineering technologies and common materials. The main objective of this development was to fabricate these casks in countries not having highly specialized industries for casting or forging of thick-walled casks. Nevertheless, the CONSTOR® concept fulfills both the internationally valid IAEA criteria for transportation and the German criteria for long-term intermediate storage. The basic cask concept has been designed for adaptation to different spent fuel specifications as well as handling conditions in the NPPs. Adaptations have been made for spent fuel from RBMK and VVER reactors, and also for BWR spent fuel and high active waste. So far, 30 CONSTOR® RBMK-1500 original casks have been manufactured and delivered to Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant in Lithuania. Two of these have been succesfully loaded during hot trial tests and placed in storage. The CONSTOR® cask for RBMK fuel has obtained the type B(U)F verification certificate from the Russian authority GAN and the release for manufacturing as a storage cask by the Lithuanian Authority VATESI. Following the successful hot trials, the final storage license from VATESI is expected in the near future. The type B(U)F licensing in the Czech Republic will be finished in 2001.

scholarly journals Sustainability of passenger transport as a precondition for fulfilling the 4.0 company concept – analysis of trends in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Jana Hinke ◽  
Veronika Komorousová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Long Term Trend

Strengthening public transport can significantly contribute to transport sustainability, in particular to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This article primarily aims to analyse the long-term trend in the production of carbon dioxide by individual types of transport throughout the Czech Republic and to compare the performance of public passenger transport and passenger car transport. The analysis concludes that the performance of public passenger transport by land in the Czech Republic has not been increasing over a long period; on the contrary, individual transport has been strengthening. There has been an increasing trend in CO2 emissions from transport for a long period. Thus, the development of subsidies in the public transport clearly shows that to fund public passenger transport is in the public interest.

scholarly journals Study of Spent Fuel Behavior in Beyond Design-Basis Storage Period

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
V. Halchenko
Keyword(s):  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Neutron Sources ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Neutron Multiplication ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Fuel Behavior ◽  
Peculiar Behavior

The paper presents changes in the isotopic composition of actinoids and neutron sources in spent nuclear fuel and changes in neutron multiplication factor in the period up to 1000 years. There are conclusions on peculiar behavior of fuel in such a long period. The research shows importance to make criticality calculations considering burnup credit for long-term fuel storage.

scholarly journals Extending the Life Time of a Nuclear Power Plant: Impact on Nuclear Liabilities in the Czech Republic

10.14311/962 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Havlíček
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

Nuclear power plant (NPP) operators have several basic long-term liabilities. Such liabilities include storage, treatment and disposal of radioactive waste generated at the operators’ NPP, storage and management of nuclear fuel irradiated in the reactor of the operator’s NPP (“spent fuel”), disposal of the spent fuel (SF) or residues resulting from spent fuel reprocessing. Last but not least, the operator is liable for decommissioning its nuclear facilities. If the operator considers extending the life time of its NPP or if the construction of a new NPP is being evaluated by an investor, an integral part of the economic evaluation must be a comprehensive assessment of future incremental costs related to the above-mentioned long-term liabilities. An economic evaluation performed by standard methods (usually NPV, alternatively real options) leads to a decision either to proceed with the project or to shelve it. If the investor decides to go ahead with the project there can be an immediate impact on nuclear liabilities. The impact is not the same for all operator liabilities. Depending on the valid legislation and the nature of the liability, in some cases the extent of the liability must be immediately recalculated when a decision is made to proceed with the project, and the annual accrual of accumulated reserves / funds must be adjusted. In other cases, the change in liability is linked to the generation of additional radioactive waste or spent fuel. In the Czech Republic, responsibility for each of the nuclear liabilities is defined, as is the form in which the financial means are to be accumulated. This paper deals with the impact of NPP life time extension (alternatively NPP power up-rate or construction of a new NPP) on individual nuclear liabilities in the conditions of the Czech Republic. 

Basic principles for assessing the safety of fish products from the ponds exposed to the influence of nuclear fuel cycle enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
A. V. Trapeznikov ◽  
V. N. Trapeznikova ◽  
A. V. Korzhavin ◽  
V. N. Nikolkin ◽  
A. P. Plataev
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
River System ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Irtysh River

Relevance. In connection with the development of nuclear energy, many aquatic ecosystems have been exposed to radioactive substances. Fish, as an element of biota, is capable to accumulate radionuclides. However, fish is a traditional food. The control of the technogenic radionuclides accumulation level in the ichthyofauna is an important link in ensuring human security.Intention. To analyze the long-term data on the content of long-lived technogenic radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in the ichthyofauna of the Ob-Irtysh river system for the period from 2004 to 2016 and Beloyarsky pond for the period from 1977 to 2018.Methodology. Fish as a food product was assessed according to two criteria: a) permissible levels of specific activity of radionuclides (SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01); b) using the indicator of conformity B and the uncertainty of its definition В (GOST 32161-2013 and GOST 32163-2013).Results and Discussion. Fish of all species that live in the river Tetcha, is not suitable for food use according to the criteria of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01, GOST 32161-2013 and GOST 32163-2013. The fish of the Ob-Irtysh river system, the habitat of which is located outside the Tetcha, meets the requirements for fish products. In the period from 1977 to 1989 in the Beloyarsk pond the accumulations of technogenic radionuclides in fish in quantities exceeding sanitary and hygienic standards were possible. Currently, the fish of the Beloyarsky pond fully complies with the sanitary and hygienic requirements for the radiation factor and is safe for human consumption.Conclusion. In the ponds exposed to the atomic energy enterprises, it is necessary to continuously monitor the content of long-lived technogenic radionuclides in fish and assess their amount in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 and using the conformity indicator В and the uncertainty of its determination В. 

BAI’ BITHAMAN AJIL, ALTERNATIF PEMBIAYAAN PERUMAHAN PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Lily Rahmawati Harahap
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Stable Economy

During this recent two decades, national economy sharia continiue growth.Though it just still smaller compare to the existing of conventional finance, itconscioused the growth of sharia finance currently has a significant enhancement. Thepositive and stable economy performance has given good opportunities to thedevelopment of sharia economy in Indonesia. The existence of syariah economy inIndonesia, who has a muslim mayority, is a new point of national economy history.Sharia banking is one of the tools for developing national economy sharia. Manyproducts offered by national sharia banking, which includes basic principles ofimplementation with profit sharing. One of them is Bai’ Bithaman Ajil, which is the partof trading (Baiah). Bai’ Bithaman Ajil product is expected as an alternative for society tochoose sharia banking as a mediator in transaction, specially to fulfill production needsas well as consumption needs, whose transactions are done on a long-term credit.

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