scholarly journals Calculation Of Pressure Rise And Energy Of Hot Gases Due To High Energy Arcing Faults In The Metal-clad Switchgear

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
M. Iwata ◽  
T. Miyagi ◽  
Y. Goda ◽  
K. Shirai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Arcing Faults ◽  
Pressure Development ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Roof Panel

This paper presents the 3-D CFD calculation results of the pressure rise due to the High Energy Arcing Faults (HEAFs) in the metal-clad switchgears. The calculations were performed considering the came-off of the roof panel that was observed in the arc tests. The calculated pressure development approximately agreed with the measured one. Furthermore, the energy of hot gases exhausted from the broken roof panel was calculated to investigate the thermal effect of hot gases.

Thermal Effect of High Energy Repetition Rate Nd∶Glass Laser

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 0901004
Author(s):  
杨思达 Yang Sida ◽  
印定军 Yin Dingjun ◽  
甘泽彪 Gan Zebiao ◽  
陈俊驰 Chen Junchi ◽  
姚波 Yao Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Glass Laser

Mathematical Modeling of High Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Radune ◽  
A. Radune ◽  
Svetlana Lugovskoy ◽  
M. Zinigrad ◽  
David Fuks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Impact Angle ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Angle Rotation ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
The Impact

In the present study the modeling of the HEBM process is presented. The impact velocity, impact angle, rotation speed, mass of balls, ball-to-powder weight ratio and time of milling have been taken into account in order to calculate the energy transferred from the balls to the powder. Two different systems, namely, TiN-AlN and polysalicylic acid were experimentally investigated in order to confirm the validity of the model. The calculation results are in a reasonable agreement with the results of experimental research.

Depth Profiles of High-energy Recoil Implantation of Boron into Silicon

2000 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Shao ◽  
Xinming Lu ◽  
Jianyue Jin ◽  
Qinmian Li ◽  
Irene Rusakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Implantation Energy ◽  
Strong Function ◽  
Recoil Implantation ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Energy Incident ◽  
Sims Analysis ◽  
Secondary Ion

AbstractWe have studied boron profiles by using the ion beam recoil implantation. A boron layer was first deposited onto Si, followed by irradiation with Si ions at various energies to knock the boron. Conventional belief is that the higher the implantation energy, the deeper the recoil profiles. While this is true for low-energy incident ions, we show here that the situation is reversed for incident Si ions of higher energy due to the fact that recoil probability at a given angle is a strong function of the energy of the primary projectile. Our experiments show that 500-keV high-energy recoil implantation produces a shallower B profile than lower-energy implantation such as 10 keV and 50 keV. The secondary-ion-massspectrometry (SIMS) analysis shows that the distribution of recoiled B atoms scattered by the energetic Si ions agrees with our calculation results. Sub-100 nm p+/n junctions have been realized with a 500-keV Si ion beam.

Optimization for Heating System Schemes Based on GRA Method

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Bing ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Decision Making Problem ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Optimal Heating

In China, the overall economical performances of heating systems are not very high, there are still some problems of high energy consumption, high gas emission and low heat utilization. The energy conversation and emission reduction are two most important things. The option of the heating system schemes is the key to improve such situation. An optimal heating scheme will be a good beginning to the whole heating system. In this paper, the GRA (Grey Relation Analysis) method is introduced and used, and with the example of a heating district, the most used and upcoming used heating schemes are listed, calculated and compared by using the method of GRA. The option of a heating system scheme is a typical multi-objective decision-making problem. The schemes are the district boiler heating system (including gas-fired, oil-fired, and coal-fired boilers), solar energy heat pump system and combined heating and power system etc. In the process of optimization calculation, the aspects of energy saving, economics benefit, environment benefit and social benefit are concerned about, and the initial cost, operating cost, employment life, environment influence and system reliability are taken into account. According to the calculation results, combined heating and power system is proposed to be optimal heating system scheme.

Conversion of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation: Test Bench Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Liu ◽  
Cosmin E. Dumitrescu ◽  
Hemanth Bommisetty ◽  
Christopher Ulishney
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Abstract Partial conversion of the large inventory of diesel engines to natural gas (NG) spark-ignition (SI) will reduce U.S. dependence on imported petroleum and enhance national energy security. This paper describes the methodology used to retrofit such an engine as well as the experimental setup used to investigate and optimize the conversion, including engine modifications, coupled dynamometer, engine control, and data acquisition system. Low-pressure gas injectors placed upstream of the intake valve produced a homogeneous combustible mixture inside the cylinder. The final setup was verified via experiments that changed the equivalence ratio from 0.7 to 1.0 at 900 rpm, using methane as a natural gas surrogate. The results showed that despite the higher compression ratio (which increased in-cylinder pressure and temperature at spark timing compared to conventional SI engines), a high-energy spark plug was necessary to produce robust and repeatable ignition. In addition, the moderate compression ratio of the converted engine (13.3) resulted in knock-free operation at all equivalence ratios. Finally, the reliable and stable operation at the investigated conditions (COVIMEP < 1.5%) and low rate of pressure rise (< 3 bar/deg CA) support this solution for converting diesel engines to NG SI operation, at least for the conditions investigated here. The trend of engine-out emissions agreed well with existing studies, which also validated the design of the test cell for optimizing engine efficiency and sampling emissions.

scholarly journals Pressure enhancement associated with meridional flow in high-speed solar wind: possible evidence for an interplanetary magnetic flux rope

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Tu ◽  
E. Marsch ◽  
K. Ivory ◽  
R. Schwenn
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electron Distribution Function ◽  
Flux Rope ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Magnetic Flux Rope ◽  
Background Magnetic Field

Abstract. A sizable total-pressure (magnetic pressure plus kinetic pressure) enhancement was found within the high-speed wind stream observed by Helios 2 in 1976 near 0.3 AU. The proton density and temperature and the magnetic magnitude simultaneously increased for about 6 h. This pressure rise was associated with a comparatively large southward flow velocity component (with Vz ≈ –100 km · s–1) and magnetic-field rotation. The pressure enhancement was associated with unusual features in the electron distribution function. It shows a wide angular distribution of electron counting rates in the low-energy (57.8 eV) channel, while previous to the enhancement it exhibits a wide angular distribution of electron count rate in the high-energy (112, 221 and 309 eV) channels, perhaps indicating the mirroring of electrons in the converging field lines of the background magnetic field. These fluid and kinetic phenomena may be explained as resulting from an interplanetary magnetic flux rope which is not fully convected by the flow but moves against the background wind towards the Sun.

Assistance of metal nanoparticles in photocatalysis – nothing more than a classical heat source

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 215-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Sivan ◽  
Ieng Wai Un ◽  
Yonatan Dubi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
High Energy

We show that the number of high energy non-thermal electrons in a metal under CW illumination is very low but much higher than in thermal equilibrium, implying that faster chemical reactions reported previously are extremely likely to originate from a pure thermal effect.

scholarly journals Study on the Carbon Emissions in the Whole Construction Process of Prefabricated Floor Slab

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Aisan Kong ◽  
Haibo Kang ◽  
Siyuan He ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Floor Slab ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
High Energy Consumption

The construction industry is characterized by high energy consumption and high carbon emissions. With growing concern about climate change, environmental protection is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the whole construction process of prefabricated floor slab (PFS) is divided into three stages: production, transportation, and construction stages. Carbon emissions are calculated based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. A case study of PFS construction in Shaoxing city, China, was examined, and the calculation results were compared and evaluated with the traditional construction methods, which showed that in the production stage, carbon emissions increased due to mechanical operations during the prefabrication process. In the transportation stage, carbon emissions also increased due to the heavier prefabricated components during the transportation process. During the on-site construction stage, carbon emissions considerably decreased due to the lower hoisting frequency and less on-site pouring.

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