scholarly journals Einstein’s Misunderstanding of Time in the Time-Invariant Universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Amrit S. Šorli
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Universal Space ◽  
Intergalactic Space ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Time Continuum ◽  
The Universe

Einstein has kept time as the dimension of the space-time continuum that is supposed to be a fundamental arena of the universe. Our research confirms time is the duration of changes, i.e., motion run in the time-invariant universal space that has Euclidean shape, it is infinite. Black holes in the center of galaxies are rejuvenating systems of the universe. In these black holes old matter is transforming back into the fresh energy of elementary that AGNs are throwing in the intergalactic space in the form of huge jests. These jets are fresh material for new star formation. The universal process of continuous rejuvenation is eternal.

scholarly journals Einstein’s Vision of Time and Infinite Universe without Singularities: The End of Big Bang Cosmology

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Amrit Srecko Sorli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Bijective Correspondence ◽  
Physical Time ◽  
Universal Space ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
The Universe

Cosmology should be built on falsifiability, bijectivity, and experimental data. Speculations are not allowed. NASA has measured universal space has Euclidean shape, which means universal space is infinite in the volume. Einstein’s vision on time as the sequential order of events running in space has bijective correspondence with the physical reality and means that the universe does not run in some physical time; it runs only in space, which is time-invariant. In this timeless universe, there is no singularity of the beginning, there is no singularity inside of black holes. The energy of the universe is non-created, its transformation is eternal without the beginning and without the end.

scholarly journals From the space-time model to the time-invariant space model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit S. Sorli
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Invariant Space ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Universal Space ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
Space Time Model ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Universe

Carlo Rovelli’s research on time suggests that time has no physical existence, that it is an illusion. Bijective research confirms Rovelli is right. Time is what we measure with clocks. We measure with clocks the numerical sequential order of material change, i.e. the motion running in time-invariant space. Time as the duration of change enters existence only when measured by the observer. The change runs only in time-invariant universal space. Humans are experiencing a run of changes in time-invariant space in the frame of the linear psychological time “past-present-future” that has its basis in the neurological activity of the brain. In the universe, there is neither a physical past nor physical future. There exists only what we can observe with our senses and measure with apparatuses.

Translocations In Space-Time and Simultaneous States of the Universe: Convergent Quantifications and Alternative Solutions from the Principles of Physics for the Challenges of “Time Travel” and “Parallel Universes”

2016 ◽  
pp. 4058-4069
Author(s):  
Michael A Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Hydrogen Line ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Universal Space ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
The Universe

                                Translation of four dimensional axes anywhere within the spatial and temporal boundaries of the universe would require quantitative values from convergence between parameters that reflect these limits. The presence of entanglement and volumetric velocities indicates that the initiating energy for displacement and transposition of axes would be within the upper limit of the rest mass of a single photon which is the same order of magnitude as a macroscopic Hamiltonian of the modified Schrödinger wave function. The representative metaphor is that any local 4-D geometry, rather than displaying restricted movement through Minkowskian space, would instead expand to the total universal space-time volume before re-converging into another location where it would be subject to cause-effect. Within this transient context the contributions from the anisotropic features of entropy and the laws of thermodynamics would be minimal.  The central operation of a fundamental unit of 10-20 J, the hydrogen line frequency, and the Bohr orbital time for ground state electrons would be required for the relocalized manifestation. Similar quantified convergence occurs for the ~1012 parallel states within space per Planck’s time which solve for phase-shift increments where Casimir and magnetic forces intersect.  Experimental support for these interpretations and potential applications is considered. The multiple, convergent solutions of basic universal quantities suggest that translations of spatial axes into adjacent spatial states and the transposition of four dimensional configurations any where and any time within the universe may be accessed but would require alternative perspectives and technologies.

The Unchanging Universe

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Demetris Nicolaides
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Sense Perception ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Time Continuum ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Block Universe

Heraclitus declares the being (that which exists, nature) but identifies it with becoming, but Parmenides declares just the Being; only what is, is, what is not, is not. All “follows” from that: change, he argues, is logically impossible and so what is, is one and unchangeable! This dazzling absolute monism is in daring disagreement with sense perception, but curiously it has found a well-known genius as a supporter. Emboldened by his theory of relativity, Einstein considers the universe as a four-dimensional “block” (a space-time continuum like a loaf of bread) which, remarkably, contains all moments of time (of past, present, and future) always, and where change is an illusion. He said, “For we convinced physicists, the distinction between past, present, and future is only an illusion, however persistent.” In the block universe, the past is not gone, it is present; and the future, like the present, is, well, present, too.

scholarly journals Gas filaments of the cosmic web located around active galaxies in a protocluster

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6461) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Umehata ◽  
M. Fumagalli ◽  
I. Smail ◽  
Y. Matsuda ◽  
A. M. Swinbank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Rest Frame ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
Intergalactic Gas ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Intense Star Formation

Cosmological simulations predict that the Universe contains a network of intergalactic gas filaments, within which galaxies form and evolve. However, the faintness of any emission from these filaments has limited tests of this prediction. We report the detection of rest-frame ultraviolet Lyman-α radiation from multiple filaments extending more than one megaparsec between galaxies within the SSA22 protocluster at a redshift of 3.1. Intense star formation and supermassive black-hole activity is occurring within the galaxies embedded in these structures, which are the likely sources of the elevated ionizing radiation powering the observed Lyman-α emission. Our observations map the gas in filamentary structures of the type thought to fuel the growth of galaxies and black holes in massive protoclusters.

scholarly journals AGN Evolution from Large and Deep X-Ray Surveys

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S267) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Marcella Brusa
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Observational Cosmology ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Sizable Number

AbstractOver the last few years, the existence of mutual feedback effects between accreting supermassive black holes powering AGN and star formation in their host galaxies has become evident. This means that the formation and the evolution of AGN and galaxies should be considered as one and the same problem. As a consequence, the search for, and the characterization of the evolutionary and physical properties of AGN over a large redshift interval is a key topic of present research in the field of observational cosmology. Significant advances have been obtained in the last ten years thanks to the sizable number of XMM–Newton and Chandra surveys, complemented by multiwavelength follow-up programs. I will present some of the recent results and the ongoing efforts (mostly from the COSMOS and CDFS surveys) aimed at obtaining a complete census of accreting black holes in the universe, and a characterization of the properties of the host galaxies.

scholarly journals Entropic gravity from noncommutative black holes

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael C. Nunes ◽  
Hooman Moradpour ◽  
Edésio M. Barboza ◽  
Everton M. C. Abreu ◽  
Jorge Ananias Neto
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Isotropic Universe ◽  
Entropic Gravity ◽  
The Universe

In this paper, we investigated the effects of a noncommutative (NC) space-time on the dynamics of the Universe. We generalize the black hole entropy for a NC black hole. Then, using the entropic gravity formalism, we will show that the noncommutativity changes the strength of the gravitational field. By applying this result to a homogeneous and isotropic Universe containing nonrelativistic matter and a cosmological constant, we show that the modified scenario by the noncommutativity of the space-time is a better fit to the obtained data than the standard one at 68% CL.

Conference Summary

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (S336) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Philip J. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Conference Summary ◽  
Evolved Stars ◽  
The Universe

AbstractIAU Symposium 336, Astrophysical Masers: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe, took place between 4 - 8 September, 2017 in Cagliari, on the beautiful island of Sardinia. The Symposium, the fifth focusing on masers as a tool for astrophysics, was dedicated to our friend and colleague Malcolm Walmsley, who sadly passed away shortly before the meeting. To quote Karl Menten: “Malcolm made numerous fundamental contributions to our understanding of the physics and chemistry of star formation and the interstellar medium. He was an exceptional scientist, a highly esteemed colleague and a true gentleman”. Vale Malcolm. The topics discussed at the symposium covered a huge range, from star-formation, evolved stars, galaxies and their constituents, super-massive black-holes to cosmology.

scholarly journals Numerical Relativity: Solving Geodesics equation for Massive Particle Around Black Holes Horizon

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Shohel Ahmed ◽  
Md Showkat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Massive Particle ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroscopic Objects ◽  
The Universe

General relativity is the most beautiful physical theory ever invented. It describes one of the most pervasive features of the world we experience - gravitation. The gravitational field acts on nearby matter defines by the curvature of space-time. The black holes of nature are the most perfect macroscopic objects there are in the universe that constructed our concept of space-time. In this paper we use Einstein’s general relativity to model the motions of massive particles around the two black holes: static and rotating. These equations of motion around black holes will be studied with special focus towards the variation of symmetry by the change of gravitational effect.GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 35 (2015) 79-85

scholarly journals Singularities in Cosmology

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Roger Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Closed Universe ◽  
Naked Singularities ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Topology Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

Singularities in space-time can be broadly divided into three classes: past-spacelike (in white holes or the big bang), timelike (naked singularities) and future-spacelike (in black holes or the final recollapse). In a closed Universe, if a simple restriction is made to eliminate timelike singularities, the inference may be drawn that the topology of the Universe is unchanging with time. Thermodynamical considerations lead one to infer that the final singularity of recollapse must differ markedly in structure from the initial big bang. This may plausibly be related to the existence of black holes and the presumed non-existence of white holes.

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