Electrochromic Glazing – The Future of Intelligent Solar Control Glazing with Large Area Coatings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Wittkopf
Keyword(s):  
Large Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
Solar Control ◽  
Solar Control Glazing

scholarly journals Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Hole Transporting Material Free Mesoporous and Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1635
Author(s):  
Sumayya M. Abdulrahim ◽  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Jolly Bahadra ◽  
Noora J. Al-Thani
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
Hole Transporting Material

The future photovoltaic technologies based on perovskite materials are aimed to build low tech, truly economical, easily fabricated, broadly deployable, and trustworthy solar cells. Hole transport material (HTM) free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most likely architectures which hold a distinctive design and provide a simple way to produce large-area and cost-effective manufacture of PSCs. Notably, in the monolithic scheme of the HTM-free PSCs, all layers can be printed using highly reproducible and morphology-controlled methods, and this design has successfully been demonstrated for industrial-scale fabrication. In this review article, we comprehensively describe the recent advancements in the different types of mesoporous (nanostructured) and planar HTM-free PSCs. In addition, the effect of various nanostructures and mesoporous layers on their performance is discussed using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. We bring together the different perspectives that researchers have developed to interpret and analyze the EIS data of the HTM-free PSCs. Their analysis using the EIS tool, the limitations of these studies, and the future work directions to overcome these limitations to enhance the performance of HTM-free PSCs are comprehensively considered.

Dilute LaB6 nanoparticles in polymer as optimized clear solar control glazing

2003 ◽  
Vol 82 (24) ◽  
pp. 4346-4348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schelm ◽  
Geoff B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Solar Control ◽  
Solar Control Glazing

ElectroTextiles - Technology to Applications

2002 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elana Ethridge
Keyword(s):  
Small Companies ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technology Area

ABSTRACTElectroTextiles is a technology area that is in its formative stages of development. Over the past three years, several government and industrial workshops as well as international conferences have discussed and presented fundamental technical approaches and a few small companies are starting to offer commercial products. The combination electronics and textiles offer a new and unique way to fabricate novel large-area, flexible and conformable military and commercial systems. This paper will discuss the some of the challenges that need to be addressed for this technology to mature in the future.

scholarly journals Influence of heat index on regional mortality in Europe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lee ◽  
Thomas Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Mortality ◽  
Heat Events

Abstract. Numerous studies of single locations have shown that high perceived temperatures have negative health consequences – including higher mortality – for humans. Others have confirmed that the frequency of such dangerous heat events will increase in the future. This study extends these insights by examining the relationship between heat index, a measure of the physiological effects of heat, and mortality for a large area (Europe) on a regional scale. The results show that, in Europe as a whole, the heat index has a significant influence on mortality. Furthermore, this influence is heterogeneously distributed throughout different regions in Europe. In light of Europe's changing climate, this knowledge can serve as a basis for policies to mitigate the effects of heat waves in the future.

Combination of microstructures and optically functional coatings for solar control glazing

2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
G WALZE ◽  
P NITZ ◽  
J ELL ◽  
A GEORG ◽  
A GOMBERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Coatings ◽  
Solar Control ◽  
Solar Control Glazing

scholarly journals Urbanization and Spillover Effect for Three Megaregions in China: Evidence from DMSP/OLS Nighttime Lights

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Zhang ◽  
Shan Guo ◽  
Yanning Guan ◽  
Danlu Cai ◽  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Core Function ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fast Development

Urbanization drives human social development and natural environmental changes and shows complex implications for sustainability and challenges of future development, particularly in emerging countries. While extensive studies focus on extracting urban areas more precisely, less attention has been devoted to understand megaregion evolution and its related socioeconomic processes, not by socioeconomic statistics, but by comparing remote sensing based spatiotemporal evolution and the related spillover effect. Three main megaregions (with large area, high population and total gross domestic product) in China are selected for the analysis of development changes in an urbanization (magnitude, development)-diagram, of growth pattern changes based on Gravity Center and weighted Standard Deviation Ellipses and of the megaregions’ spillover effect. Employing the spatiotemporally continuous lighted areas (DN ≥ 12) from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime signal (1992–2013) to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) leads to the following results: (i) Developments in the (magnitude, development)-diagram indicate 25.97%, 45.95%, and 39.10% of the first (high urbanization, fast development) class of the BTH, YRD, and PRD megaregions are rapidly developing into highly urbanized regions. The first class may slow down in the future like the second (high urbanization, slow development) class acting from 1992 to 2013, and the third (moderate urbanization, fast development) class shows potential to become the first class in the future. (ii) The original core function zones of YRD and PRD have highly developed till 1992 and expanding out with fast development from 1992 to 2013. Contrarily, BTH indicates more fast development toward the original core function zones while spatial expansion. (iii) The gravity distance evolution of the three megaregions shows a tendency towards the geometric distance 2013. However, YRD and PRD (BTH) indicate a light intensity expansion (concentration). This may relate to a positive spillover effect of YRD and PRD upon their neighbor cities, with the strongest signal in the early 21st Century and thereafter adjusting and followed by another positive spillover.

Numerical Modelling of PFAS Transport and Groundwater Flow in the Vreta-Bålsta Esker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Pettersson ◽  
Mona Mossadeghi Björklund ◽  
Alexandru Tatomir
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
The Future

<p>Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances represent a new group of anthropogenic environmental pollutants. <br>For instance, one of the most commonly used firefighting methods today especially within airports is the use of aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs). AFFFs contain PFAS, which give the foam the ability to easily spread over a large area. Some PFAS species have demonstrated adverse health effects already at low concentrations such as liver damage and reproductive harm. The strong chemical bonding between carbon and fluorine also results in PFAS to being resistant to thermal- and chemical degradation. Thus, they degrade very slowly in nature. In Sweden, the limit for PFAS in drinking water is 90 ng L<sup>-1</sup>. This means that water needs to be treated for PFAS in the water treatment plants in cases of contamination. where water with a concentration over the limit would be used.</p><p>Bålsta is a growing city, with is proximity to Sweden’s largest city and capital Stockholm and Sweden’s fourth largest city Uppsala. Both located about 50 kilometres away, makes Bålsta an attractive city for people to live in and commute to their job in in the larger cities. With this growth new drinking water sources are required in the future Vreta-Bålsta area is an esker with good aquifer properties. However, it is an industrial area, and in the area lies a landfill which has been used as a training ground for firefighting exercises. During these exercises AFFFs have been used and the area is polluted with an unknown amount of PFAS. As the area is planned to be used for artificial infiltration and extraction of groundwater, it needs to be tested for potential PFAS contamination. </p><p>This study aims to investigate by means of numerical modelling different scenarios of PFAS transport from the contaminated. Using data about the topography, soil depth of the area together, hydraulic conductivity, porosity, precipitation and runoff a model of the area was constructed within GMS. The package MODFLOW was used to simulate the groundwater flow. Using the groundwater flow solution, with the PFAS transport is simulated with the package MT3DMS to produce a result of a possible spread of PFAS within the studied area to see which parts that could be contaminated or become contaminated in the future.</p><p>The results given from the model was that PFAS from the landfill would transport northeast bound. With the southern part of the area would stay clear from all contamination from the landfill.</p>

The Education of Children with Hearing Disabilities in New Zealand

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Michael Parsons
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Deaf Education ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Land Size

New Zealand is actually bigger in land size than Britain but has only three million people. Outside the main centres the population is spread thinly over a relatively large area. The largest city is Auckland (Population close to 1 million people), my own city, Christchurch, has only 300,000 people. The problem in deaf education is fundamentally one of ensuring that every child, regardless of geographical location, is provided with the best possible help in all areas of development. This article represents my interpretation of how we attempted this in the past, what we are doing at the moment and what we might develop in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluating Potential Ground Subsidence Geo-Hazard of Xiamen Xiang’an New Airport on Reclaimed Land by SAR Interferometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanchen Zhuo ◽  
Keren Dai ◽  
Huina Huang ◽  
Shengpeng Li ◽  
Xianlin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dredger Fill

The land reclaimed from the seaside may have a long-term subsidence trend, which poses a potential geohazard in the future land use. Xiamen Xiang’an New Airport (XXNA) is built on reclaimed land since 2016. Based on the spaceborne Sentinel-1 data between January 2018 to April 2019 and the time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique, this paper analyzed the reclaimed land subsidence evolution at XXNA in this period. InSAR measurements show that XXNA is suffering from severe subsidence, mainly in three regions because of the earth and sand compacting. By analyzing the spatial subsidence characterizations of the main subsiding areas combined with historical land reclamation and future land use planning, we find the potential threat of subsidence to future land use. Correlation between subsidence and the period of reclamation was found, indicating that the consolidation and compression in dredger fill is the main cause of subsidence. By combining subsidence monitoring results with different land use types and adopting the Expectation (Ex) and Entropy (En) methods, we analyzed the key area with potential subsidence geo-hazard. This work shows that with SAR interferometry, it is possible to find the large area ground subsidence in the airport reclaimed area. The areas with potential subsidence geo-hazards are consistent with the deep reclaimed earth, which means high subsidence risk in the future.

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