Effect of different protein and energy levels in concentrate diets on nutrient intake and milk yield of Saanen x Etawah Grade goats

Dairy goat contributes to food and nutrition security. However, information on nutrient consumption and milk yield, as well as milk composition of Saanen x Etawah (SAPERA) grade goat is limited. This experiment was done to evaluated nutrient intake, milk yield and its composition of lactating SAPERA goats fed with different levels of dietary energy and protein in concentrate diet. Thirty multiparous SAPERA goats were used in a randomized block design with three treatments (R1, R2 and R3) and ten replications for 12 weeks of lactation. The concentrate diets were formulated to contain: 18% CP and 72% TDN (R1), 17% CP and 75% TDN (R2), 16% CP and 78% TDN (R3). Those does were penned individually, and fed by basal diet (fresh chopped King Grass ad libitum, 500 g of fresh mixed forages) and 1 kg of experimental concentrate. Results showed that the treatments had significant (P<0.05) effects on CP, DIP, Ca, P intakes and FCR but had no significant (P>0.05) effects on DM and TDN intake. No significant differences were found in milk yield and milk composition between treatments. In conclusion, this trial suggested that the best feed for lactating SAPERA goats was the mixture of chopped grasses, mixed forages and concentrate diets (16% CP and 78% TDN) with 160 g/kg CP and 750 g/kg TDN of the total DM, produced a milk of 1.55 kg/d with 90 g/day of milk fat, 43 g/day of milk protein and 75 g/day of milk lactose.

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Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation on the performance of high production dairy cows in the tropics

10.1101/2020.12.02.407908 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Valdir Chiogna Junior ◽

Fernanda Lopes ◽

Charles George Schwab ◽

Mateus Zucato Toledo ◽

Edgar Alain Collao-Saenz

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Block Design ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Milk Composition

AbstractIncreasing methionine availability in dairy cow diets during the first third of lactation may enhance their performance and health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine (RPMet) in a lactation diet containing adequate protein and energy levels. Seventy-six multiparous Holstein cows (39.1 ± 6.8 kg of milk/d and 65 ± 28 DIM) were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (38/treatment) according to a randomized complete block design with a 2-wk (covariate) and 10-wk experimental period. Treatments were a basal diet (CON; 3.77 Lys:1Met); and CON + 14 g RPMet (2.97 Lys:1 Met). Individual milk samples were taken every 2 weeks to determine milk composition. Blood was collected from 24 cows on d+30 d to measure plasma AA levels. Body weight and body condition score (BCS) were measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The SM diet promoted higher milk yield (41.7 vs. 40.1 kg/d; P = 0.026), energy-corrected milk yield (41.0 vs. 38.0 kg/d; P ≤ 0.01), milk protein yield (1.30 vs. 1.18 kg/d; P ≤ 0.01), and milk fat yield (1.42 vs. 1.29 kg/d; P = 0.02). Higher milk protein (3.14% vs. 2.97%; P ≤ 0.01) and casein (2.39% vs. 2.28%; P≤ 0.01) and a trend (P = 0.06) for higher milk fat % (3.41% vs. 3.21%) were also observed. Both diets resulted in similar body weight, but CON-fed cows tended (P = 0.08) to have higher BCS. Higher plasma methionine levels were determined with SM compared with CON (29.6 vs. 18.4 μM; P < 0.01), but lysine and histidine were not different. Dietary supplementation of RPM improved productive performance by increasing milk yield and milk components yields, suggesting better dietary AA utilization when Met levels are adjusted in Lys-adequate lactation diets.

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Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation on the performance of high production dairy cows in the tropics

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243953 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0243953

Author(s):

Valdir Chiogna Junior ◽

Fernanda Lopes ◽

Charles George Schwab ◽

Mateus Zucato Toledo ◽

Edgar Alain Collao-Saenz

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Block Design ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Milk Composition

Increasing methionine availability in dairy cow diets during the first third of lactation may enhance their performance and health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine (Smartamine® M, SM) in a lactation diet with protein and energy levels calculated according to the literature. Seventy-six multiparous Holstein cows (39.1 ± 6.8 kg of milk/d and 65 ± 28 DIM) were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (38/treatment) according to a randomized complete block design with a 2-wk (covariate) and 10-wk experimental period. Treatments were a basal diet (CON; 3.77 Lys:1Met); and CON + 23 g SM (2.97 Lys:1 Met). Individual milk samples were taken every 2 weeks to determine milk composition. Blood was collected from 24 cows on d+30 d to measure plasma AA levels. Body weight and body condition score (BCS) were measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The SM diet promoted higher milk yield (41.7 vs. 40.1 kg/d; P = 0.03). Energy-corrected milk yield (41.0 vs. 38.0 kg/d), milk protein yield (1.30 vs. 1.18 kg/d), milk protein (3.14% vs. 2.97%) and casein (2.39% vs. 2.28%) were also different (P < 0.01) as well as milk fat yield (1.42 vs. 1.29 kg/d; P = 0.02). A trend (P = 0.06) for higher milk fat % (3.41% vs. 3.21%) was observed. Both diets resulted in similar body weight, but CON-fed cows tended (P = 0.08) to have higher BCS. Higher plasma methionine levels were determined with SM compared with CON (29.6 vs. 18.4 μM; P < 0.01), but lysine and histidine were not different. Dietary supplementation of RPM improved productive performance by increasing milk yield and milk components yields, suggesting better dietary AA utilization when Met levels are adjusted in Lys-adequate lactation diets.

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Effect of season, genotype and lactation on milk yield and composition of local and crossbred dairy cows reared under different feed base region

Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.3329/bjlr.v19i1-2.26427 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1-2) ◽

pp. 50-65

Author(s):

MA Baset ◽

KS Huque ◽

NR Sarker ◽

MM Hossain ◽

MN Islam

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Base Region ◽

Total Solids ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Daily Milk

A total of 160 cows, 10 cows in each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × Holstein Friesian) origins differing in lactation were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using Randomized Block Design (RBD) to evaluate milk yield and composition of cows considering regions (good & poor feed base region), seasons (dry: Nov.Feb. 2009 & wet: Jun.Oct. 2009), genotypes and lactation. A good and/or poor feed base region was classified based on the availability of quantity and quality roughages throughout the year. The study revealed that the daily milk yield and 4% FCM of cows under good feed base condition were 6.76 and 6.49 kg, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.67 and 3.31 kg, respectively. Feed base region did not affect on milk fat and it was observed that the milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF), minerals and total solids under good feed base condition were 37.9, 54.9, 100.9, 6.3 and 140.6 g/kg, respectively, whereas, under poor feed base condition the values were 36.3, 52.9, 98.0, 6.1 and 135.2 g/kg, respectively. Season did not affect milk yield and composition except minerals (6.5 g/kg vs. 5.9 g/kg). Genotypes significantly (p?0.01) influenced daily milk yield, the milk protein and minerals. Lactation did not affect milk yield and the milk protein, but influenced the fat, lactose, SNF, minerals and total solids. The interaction of feed base regions and seasons significantly (p?0.01) influenced milk yield and the milk fat and SNF. The milk protein and lactose was influenced by the interaction of feed bases region, seasons and lactation. Milk yield negatively correlated with fat per cent. The percentage of fat significantly (p?0.01) correlated with protein, lactose, SNF, and minerals %. The percentage protein correlated with lactose, SNF and minerals. Lactose % significantly (p?0.01) correlated with SNF%. It may be concluded that milk yield and composition depends on feed base region, genotype and lactation of cows. Season did not influence milk yield and the composition. Milk yield negatively correlated with the percentage of fat, protein, lactose, SNF and milk composition strongly correlated with each other.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 50-65, Jan-Dec 2012

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The effects of feeding high fiber canola meal on total tract digestibility and milk production

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a96-074 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. F. Mustafa ◽

D. A. Christensen ◽

J. J. McKinnon

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Block Design ◽

Latin Square ◽

Total Solid ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

High Fiber

Two studies were undertaken to evaluate the nutritive value of high fiber canola meal (HFCM) relative to regular canola meal for ruminants. In the first study, 21 growing lambs were utilized in a randomized complete block design to determine the total tract digestion coefficients of dry matter (DMD), crude protein (CPD), gross energy (GED), neutral (NDFD) and acid (ADFD) detergent fiber and the digestible energy (DE) contents of seven dehydrated alfalfa-based diets containing 0, 250, 500 and 750 g kg−1 HFCM or canola meal. In the second study, the effect of feeding HFCM as a protein supplement to dairy cows relative to canola meal and soybean meal (SBM) was examined in a triple 3 × 3 Latin square design. Results of the first study showed that HFCM had lower (P < 0.05) DMD, CPD, GED and DE contents than canola meal. The estimated DMD, CPD and GED and DE contents for HFCM were 674 and 795 g kg−1, 695 kJ MJ−1 and 13.68 MJ kg−1, respectively. The corresponding values for canola meal were 707 and 841 g kg−1, 727 kJ MJ−1 and 14.10 MJ kg−1, respectively. Results of the second study showed that protein supplement source had no effect on DM intake, milk yield, milk fat g kg−1, lactose g kg−1 and total solid g kg−1. However, cows fed HFCM- and canola meal-based diets produced milk with lower (P < 0.05) protein content than those fed the SBM-based diet. It was concluded that HFCM had lower total tract nutrient digestion coefficients and DE content compared with canola meal. Incorporation of HFCM in dairy rations up to 100 g kg−1 of the ration had no adverse effect on milk yield or milk composition compared with canola meal. Key words: High fiber, canola meal, total tract digestibility, lactation

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Effects of mammae hand massages on oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality in dairy cows

Livestock and Animal Research ◽

10.20961/lar.v19i3.49120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Inggit Kentjonowaty ◽

Achmad Bagus Adhiluhung Mardhotillah ◽

Trinil Susilawati ◽

Puguh Surjowardojo

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Fat Content ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Oxytocin Release

Objective: The objective of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Mammae Hand Massages (MHM) on oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality in dairy cows.Methods: Twelve dairy cows with the following criterion: 5-yr-old, 1st to 9th month of lactation, and average body weight of 390 ± 5.55 kg were used. Cows were assigned in a randomized block design with 4 treatments, i.e T0 (without massage), T1 (MHM for 20 s), T2 (MHM for 50 s), and T3 (MHM for 80 s). Oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality were measured accordingly.Results: The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that MHM had a very significant effect on milk production (P <0.01) as evidenced by the MHM 50 s treatment obtained the highest average milk production (13.08 ± 3.38 liters/head/day) compared to the MHM 20 s, MHM 80 s and control. MHM (1-1.6 volts) for 50 s resulted in the highest release of oxytocin (0.22955 pcg/0.1mL) at 240 seconds compared to control, MHM 20 s and 80 s. Likewise, the percentage of milk protein content (2.96 ± 0.03) and milk fat content (4.27 ± 0.70) was highest at MHM 50 s.Conclusions: It can be concluded that MHM (1-1.6 volts) for 50 seconds increases the release of oxytocin, milk production, and milk quality in terms of the percentage of milk protein and fat content.

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The effect of level and frequency of concentrate feeding on the performance of dairy cows of different yield potential

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600053983 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 743-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

C. L. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Live Weight ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Effect On Yield

SUMMARYAn experiment has been made using adult lactating cows in a randomized block design to study the effectiveness of basing feeding during the first 20 weeks of lactation on yield predicted from that obtained during the 8–12th days of lactation. Cows were classified as high yielding (HY) or low yielding (LY). The levels of feeding were identical within each yield group during the first 8 weeks of lactation but during the 9th to the 20th week two different levels of concentrate feed (HP and LP) were used. Over the 20-week period concentrates were offered in two or five daily feeds. Thus the effect of two levels and two frequencies of feeding on feed intake, milk yield and composition, and on live-weight change were studied.Cows in the HY group achieved a mean daily peak yield 2·6 kg higher than predicted while those in the LY group achieved the predicted mean peak daily yield. There was no significant effect of level of feeding on the 20-week milk yield but there was a significant effect on the yield of the LYLP class in weeks 9–20. Frequency of feeding had no significant effect on yield in either high-low-yielding cows. There was no significant effect of level of feeding on milk composition but low-yielding cows gave milk with a higher fat percentage than high-yielding cows. Five-times-a-day feeding also produced milk with a higher fat percentage than twice-a-day feeding.Live-weight changes were small and the largest variation was recorded in highyielding cows.The number of days from calving to first service was not significantly different for the two yield groups but there was a significant effect of level of feeding.

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Pelleted dried grass and rolled barley diets for lactating dairy cows

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100035054 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 101-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. A. A. Khalifa ◽

J. H. D. Prescott ◽

D. G. Armstrong

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Block Design ◽

Latin Square ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Bean Meal ◽

Soya Bean Meal ◽

Two Stages ◽

Jersey Cows

SUMMARY1. Pelleted grass and a concentrate containing 90% rolled barley and 10% soya bean meal were offered to cows in three combinations, 25: 75, 50: 50 and 75: 25 respectively, together with a constant low level of coarse roughage.2. The experiment was carried out in two stages, in early lactation as a randomized block design involving 18 Jersey cows fed to appetite and in mid-lactation as a 3 × 3 Latin square change-over design involving 12 cows, rationed according to milk yield.3. There were no significant between-treatment differences in either milk yield or milk fat content in either stage of the experiment.

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PSXIV-27 Use of narasin in diets for lactating ewes

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.882 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 448-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rhaissa Garcia de Assis ◽

Janaina S Biava ◽

Nathalia R Eckermann ◽

Thamires U Sturion ◽

Terezinha T de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Diet ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Total Solids ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

The Ideal

Abstract The objective of this study was to define the ideal level of narasin to be used in diets for lactating ewes. Forty Dorper vs. Santa Inês ewes (53.6 ± 9.6 kg BW and 14 d in milk) were penned individually and used in a complete randomized block design. Ewes were fed a basal diet (16.77 ± 0.35% CP) containing 50% concentrate and 50% coastcross hay. The treatments were: 0N - control diet; 13N - 13 mg of narasin/kg of DM; 20N - 20 mg of narasin/kg of DM; 27N - 27 mg of narasin/kg of DM. Ewes were fed the diets from the wk 2 to 10 of lactation. Milk production was determined every 7 d during the experiment. Ewes were separated from lambs and mechanically milked for emptying of the mammary gland. After 3 hours, using the same procedure, milk production was recorded and samples collected for milk composition analysis. For DMI, there was a quadratic effect of treatments (0N=2.417; 13N=2.491; 20N=2.334; 27N=2.078 kg/d; P = 0.02). The milk production (g/3h) presented a quadratic response to levels of narasin (0N=186.37; 13N=194.91; 20N=194.01; 27N=164.49 g/3h; P = 0.03). In the milk composition, there was a linear reduction in the content of protein (0N=5.31; 13N=5.13; 20N=4.94; 27N=5.00%; P = 0.01) and ESD (0N=11.22; 13N=11.15; 20N=10.84; 27N=10.98 %; P = 0.03). However, the contents of fat, lactose and total solids were not affected by the treatments. As a consequence, the productions (g/3 hours) of fat, lactose and total solids were not affected by the diets. A quadratic response was observed for the productions (g/3 h) of protein (0N=9.86; 13N=9.76; 20N=9.52; 27N=8.29; P = 0.04) and ESD (0N=20.73; 13N=21.45; 20N=21.18; 27N=18.28; P = 0.03). In conclusion, 13 mg/kg of DM is the best concentration of narasin to be used in diets for ewes, values higher than this can compromise milk production and composition.

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Machine milking ability and milk composition of some imported dairy goat breeds and some crosses in Greece

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/4220-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 394-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Katanos ◽

B. Skapetas ◽

V. Laga

Keyword(s):

Random Sample ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Machine Milking ◽

Lactation Stage

A random sample of 40 goats was used to study the partitioning, yield and composition of milk: 8 of Saanen breed (S), 8 of Damascus breed (D), 8 crossbreds Saanen × Local Greek goat (S × L), 8 backcrosses Saanen × Local Greek goat {(S × L) × S} and 8 crossbreds Saanen × Alpine (S × A). Four dams of each genotype were of the first and four of the second parity. Goats were milked twice daily (8:00, 18:00 h) in a 1 × 12 side by side milking parlour with 6 milking units. Milk yield and milk fractions (machine milk, machine stripped milk and hand stripped milk) were recorded twice daily each 14 days (from 7th–8th to 29th week of lactation). Milk composition was examined once a month separately for morning and afternoon samples. The ponderable mean was used for the calculation of milk fat, protein and lactose percentage. The results of the experiment showed that milk partitioning in purebred and crossbred goats ranged on satisfactory levels (machine milk – MM: morning 69.8–81.6%, afternoon 66.2–77.4%; machine stripping milk – MSM: morning 12.2–19.3%, afternoon 19.2–23.4%; hand stripping milk – HSM: morning 6.1–10.9%, afternoon 5.4–11.9%; total machine milk – TMM: morning 89–94.6%, afternoon 88–94.6%). The effect of breed (crossbred) was found to be significant for all milk fractions (ml and %, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The effect of parity was significant except for MSM (%) and HSM (%). The effect of lactation stage (control day) and the animals was also found to be significant (P < 0.001). The fat percentage of S, D, S × L, S × A and (S × L) × L was 3.82, 5.1, 4.8, 3.88 and 3.95%, respectively (P < 0.001). Protein percentage ranged from 3.1 to 3.6% in the different genotypes (P< 0.001) while lactose percentage was from 4.51 to 4.66%. In conclusion it may be said that imported dairy goat breeds and different crosses with local Greek breed are characterized by good milkability. So the best technique of machine milking is the “routine” milking without applying hand stripping.

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Effects of non-medicated and medicated urea molasses multi-nutrient block supplements on nutrient intake and blood mineral profile of lactating Saanen goats.

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v7i1.506 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Mira Panadi ◽

Nor Dini Rusli ◽

Wan Zahari Mohamed ◽

Khairiyah Mat

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Intake ◽

Block Design ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Mineral Profile ◽

Dietary Treatments

Poor nutrition is a major contributor to the performance of dairy goats on smallholder farms. Hence, strategic supplementation is required to overcome nutritional deficiencies. This paper reviews the effects of urea molasses multi nutrient block (UMMB) and medicated urea molasses multi-nutrient block (MUMB) supplements in comparison with imported commercial mineral blocks (CMB) on nutrient intake and blood mineral profile of Saanen lactating goats. A 90-day feeding trial was conducted at Yusof Ecofarm, Tanah Merah, Kelantan, Malaysia. Twenty four (24) Saanen lactating goats were assigned to four dietary treatments with six (6) goats in each group based on completely randomized block design. Goats in T1 (control) were fed with basal diet only that comprise of roughages and goat pellet while T2, T3 and T4 received equal amount of basal diet and allowed for ad-libitum licking of UMMB, MUMB and CMB respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI) (kg/d) were 1.14, 1.29, 1.25 and 1.16 in T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively whereas the UMMB, MUMB and CMB intakes (g/d) were 86.8, 50.4 and 36.6 respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments on nutrient intake. Crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 and T3 as compared to T1 and T4. The serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), ferum (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 with the values of 33.60 ppm, 341.67 ppb, 270.00 ppb and 138.30 ppb respectively as compared to other treatments. Hence, the findings of this research revealed that both UMMB and MUMB were effective in improving nutrient intake and blood mineral profile of lactating Saanen goats.

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