scholarly journals Effects of non-medicated and medicated urea molasses multi-nutrient block supplements on nutrient intake and blood mineral profile of lactating Saanen goats.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Mira Panadi ◽  
Nor Dini Rusli ◽  
Wan Zahari Mohamed ◽  
Khairiyah Mat
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Poor nutrition is a major contributor to the performance of dairy goats on smallholder farms. Hence, strategic supplementation is required to overcome nutritional deficiencies. This paper reviews the effects of urea molasses multi nutrient block (UMMB) and medicated urea molasses multi-nutrient block (MUMB) supplements in comparison with imported commercial mineral blocks (CMB) on nutrient intake and blood mineral profile of Saanen lactating goats. A 90-day feeding trial was conducted at Yusof Ecofarm, Tanah Merah, Kelantan, Malaysia. Twenty four (24) Saanen lactating goats were assigned to four dietary treatments with six (6) goats in each group based on completely randomized block design. Goats in T1 (control) were fed with basal diet only that comprise of roughages and goat pellet while T2, T3 and T4 received equal amount of basal diet and allowed for ad-libitum licking of UMMB, MUMB and CMB respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI) (kg/d) were 1.14, 1.29, 1.25 and 1.16 in T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively whereas the UMMB, MUMB and CMB intakes (g/d) were 86.8, 50.4 and 36.6 respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments on nutrient intake. Crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 and T3 as compared to T1 and T4. The serum concentrations of calcium (Ca), ferum (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 with the values of 33.60 ppm, 341.67 ppb, 270.00 ppb and 138.30 ppb respectively as compared to other treatments. Hence, the findings of this research revealed that both UMMB and MUMB were effective in improving nutrient intake and blood mineral profile of lactating Saanen goats.

scholarly journals The Residue of Seed Harvest From Tropical Grasses as a Roughage Source in the Feedlot Lambs Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
Luis Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle ◽  
Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽  
Gelson Do Santos Difante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Seed Harvest ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

Our hypothesis was whether the residue of seed harvest from tropical grasses (Brachiaria sp. and Panicum sp.) as roughage source might result in the similar performance of lambs confined to obtain sustainability in agricultural and food systems by use of this by-product. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of the residue of seed harvest (straw-hay) from tropical grasses as a roughage source in the feedlot lamb diet on intake, digestibility, performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. The randomized block design used 36 lambs (six animals per treatment) distributed in six treatments arranged in individual cages on performance assay. The offered straw-hay did not influence nutrient intake and digestibility. Chewing was influenced by straw-hays. In addition, an effect was not observed on the length of the carcass, length of the leg, width and perimeter of the croup, depth of the chest or weight of the left half of the carcass. The averages of gammon, palette and neck yields were considered satisfactory, which may have been caused by the high content of neutral detergent fiber that was offered (511.4 g/Kg for Tupi and 617.6 g/Kg for Basilisk), and the weight of the palette and gammon can result in high commercial value. The meat characteristic was affected by a straw-hay. Diets containing residue of seed harvest from tropical grasses (Brachiaria sp. and Panicum sp.) as a roughage source did not have any effect on the dry matter and crude protein consumption and on the growth performance. So, we recommend the residue of seed harvest from tropical grasses as a fiber source to feedlot lamb diet.

scholarly journals Effect of different protein and energy levels in concentrate diets on nutrient intake and milk yield of Saanen x Etawah Grade goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
. Supriyati ◽  
R. Krisnan ◽  
I.G.M. Budiarsana ◽  
L. Praharani
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Randomized Block Design

<p class="abstrak2">Dairy goat contributes to food and nutrition security. However, information on nutrient consumption and milk yield, as well as milk composition of Saanen x Etawah (SAPERA) grade goat is limited. This experiment was done to evaluated nutrient intake, milk yield and its composition of lactating SAPERA goats fed with different levels of dietary energy and protein in concentrate diet. Thirty multiparous SAPERA goats were used in a randomized block design with three treatments (R1, R2 and R3) and ten replications for 12 weeks of lactation. The concentrate diets were formulated to contain: 18% CP and 72% TDN (R1), 17% CP and 75% TDN (R2), 16% CP and 78% TDN (R3). Those does were penned individually, and fed by basal diet (fresh chopped King Grass ad libitum, 500 g of fresh mixed forages) and 1 kg of experimental concentrate. Results showed that the treatments had significant (P&lt;0.05) effects on CP, DIP, Ca, P intakes and FCR but had no significant (P&gt;0.05) effects on DM and TDN intake. No significant differences were found in milk yield and milk composition between treatments. In conclusion, this trial suggested that the best feed for lactating SAPERA goats was the mixture of chopped grasses, mixed forages and concentrate diets (16% CP and 78% TDN) with 160 g/kg CP and 750 g/kg TDN of the total DM, produced a milk of 1.55 kg/d with 90 g/day of milk fat, 43 g/day of milk protein and 75 g/day of milk lactose.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of zinc sources and experimental conditions on zinc balance in growing wethers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lee ◽  
J E Copelin ◽  
M T Socha
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Zinc Balance

Abstract Three experiments were conducted with growing wethers to evaluate apparent excretion and retention of Zn from various sources. In Exp. 1 and 2, Zn-ethylene diamine (ZE), Zn hydroxychloride (ZHYD), Zn-lysine/glutamate (ZAA), and Zn-glycinate (ZG) were used and ZnSO4 (ZS), Zn hydroxychloride (ZHYD), Zn-lysine/glutamate (ZAA), and Zn-glycinate (ZG) were used in Exp. 3. In Exp. 1, 8 wethers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. In Exp. 2 and 3, 40 wethers were used in a randomized block design. In Exp. 1, each period (total 4 periods) consisted of 14-day diet adaptation and 4 days of total collection of feces and urine. In Exp. 2 and 3, wethers received a basal diet for 14 days and received experimental diets for 9 days (diet adaptation), followed by 4 days of total collection of feces and urine. Total collection was conducted in wooden metabolic cages. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS as a Latin square design for Exp. 1 and a completed randomized block design for Exp. 2 and 3. In all experiments, dry matter intake did not differ among treatments except that it tended to be different in Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, no difference in Zn excretion (88%) and retention (11%) as proportion of Zn intake was observed among Zn sources. In Exp. 2, total tract digestibility of crude protein was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for ZAA than ZE and ZG (82.0 vs. 79.1 and 77.8%, respectively) and greater (P &lt; 0.01) for ZHYD than ZG (80.2 vs. 77.8%). However, total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was low (on average 16%) for all treatments with no difference among treatments in Exp. 2. Apparent excretion and retention of Zn as proportion of Zn intake did not differ among treatments, and Zn retention (~1.4% of Zn intake) was very low for all treatments. In Exp. 3, ZHYD and ZAA had greater retention of Zn (17.8 vs. 1.5%; P = 0.01) than ZG. Fecal Zn excretion was greater (97.3 vs. 81.2%; P = 0.01) for ZG vs. ZHYD and ZAA, and Zn retention for ZG was only 1.5% of Zn intake. In conclusion, potential increases in Zn absorption and retention were observed for ZHYD and ZAA compared with ZS and ZG in Exp. 3 and these differences were not found in Exp. 1 and 2. Experiment 1 used a Latin square design and Exp. 2 used a diet containing largely undigestible fiber. These experimental conditions may have affected Zn metabolism in wethers. Inconsistent results on Zn balance for ZG among the experiments warrant further studies regarding its bioavailability.

PSVI-14 Blend of Additives in Nursery Pig Diets as an Antibiotics Substitute Increases the Growth Performance and Intestinal Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
Sudario Roberto Silva Junior ◽  
Rhuan F Chaves ◽  
Maíra Resende ◽  
Ygor Henrique De Paula ◽  
Kenio De Gouvêa Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

Abstract Antibiotics growth promoting (AGP) in animal feed has been restricted. With this, several additives have been tested in order to replace AGP and ensure intestinal health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a blend of additives on growth performance, diarrhea incidence and cecal content microbiota of nursery pigs. A total of 576 weaned pigs (6.21 ± 1.16 kg) were assigned into 4 treatments (12 replicates) in randomized block design: basal diet without additives (NC); basal diet with 120 ppm of halquinol (PC); NC + 0,05% blend of lactic acid (3,5%), benzoic acid (2,5%), flavonoids (3,5%) (B5); NC+ 0,1% of same blend (B10). The pigs were weighed 0 and 42 days into the experiment. On day 10, one animal per pen (10 replicates) was euthanized for microbiota analyses. The diarrhea incidence was calculated by the percentage of visual pens with diarrhea, by day, in the period. The growth performance was analyzed by GLIMMIX procedure and the means were compared with Tukey test (P &lt; 0.050) (SAS, 2009). Diarrhea incidence was analyzed by GENMOD procedure (SAS, 2009). The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare microbial biodiversity (P &lt; 0.050) by statistical program STAMP. The final weight (P = 0.010) and average daily gain (P = 0.001) of B10 and PC were higher than NC. Regarding diarrhea, it was observed that the B5 and B10 had lower incidence when compared to other groups in the total period. In the microbiome analyses, it was observed that the B5, B10, and PC groups had lower (P = 0.021) biodiversity when compared to the NC piglets. However, the B5 and B10 group had higher biodiversity when compared to the PC group. In conclusion, the supplementation with 0,1% blend of additives can be a substitute for AGP.

scholarly journals Effects of Substitution of Corn with Ground Brown Rice on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Gut Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Sheena Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Cho ◽  
Younghoon Kim ◽  
Hyeun Bum Kim ◽  
Minho Song
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with brown rice on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbiota of growing and finishing pigs. A total of 100 growing pigs (23.80 ± 2.96 kg BW; 10 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (5 pigs/pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block = BW) as follows: corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON) and replacing corn with 50% (GBR50), 75% (GBR75), and 100% (GBR100) of ground brown rice. Each trial phase was for 6 weeks. During the growing period, there were no differences on growth performance and nutrient digestibility among dietary treatments. Similarly, no differences were found on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of pigs during the finishing period among dietary treatments. As a result of the beta diversity analysis, microbial populations were not clustered between CON and GBR100 during the growing phase, but clustered into two distinct groups of CON and GBR100 during the finishing phase. In conclusion, brown rice can be added to the diets of growing-finishing pigs by replacing corn up to 100% without negatively affecting growth performance of the pigs; additionally, this may have an effect on changes in pig intestinal microbiota if continued for a long time.

scholarly journals COCONUT MEAL INCLUSION IN HIGH CONCENTRATE SHEEP DIETS AFFECTS FEED DIGESTIBILITY AND INTAKE1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-701
Author(s):  
PAULA FABRINY MAUÉS DA SILVA ◽  
SARAH OLIVEIRA SOUSA PANTOJA ◽  
FELIPE NOGUEIRA DOMINGUES ◽  
ANIBAL COUTINHO DO RÊGO ◽  
CRISTIAN FATURI
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Coconut Meal

ABSTRACT Coconut meal can be an affordable low-cost alternative to noble ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in sheep diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coconut meal inclusions, when used as a corn and soybean meal replacement, on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance of sheep diets. Twenty-four male Santa Inês lambs with body weights (BW) of 26.6 ± 3.2 kg were used in the study. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replications. The animals received a total mixed ratio of 30% roughage (elephant grass) and 70% concentrate. The animals were fed on two experimental diets with 11% and 22% coconut meal inclusion and a control diet (without coconut meal). Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) intake as a percentage of BW were negatively influenced by the inclusion of coconut meal. The ether extract (EE) intake increased but did not differ between the 11% and 22% coconut meal diets. Furthermore, the digestibility of DM, CP, EE, and ADF did not differ between the two evaluated diets. The inclusion of coconut meal reduced NDF digestibility and increased that of NFC. The level of inclusion of coconut meal in the diet must be based on the EE content in the meal; keeping the EE intake below 0.16% of the BW helped to avoid limited intake of feed.

scholarly journals Supplementation Of Concentrate With Different Levels Of Protein On Nutrient Intake, Digestibility And Growth Of Red Chittagong Heifers

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
S Barua ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
SS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of concentrate supplementation with different protein levels on intake, digestibility and growth performance of Red Chittagong (RC) heifers fed urea molasses straw (UMS) based diet. Twelve RC heifers having average live weight of 124.83±43.15 kg and aged between 8 to 14 months were selected for 90 days feeding trial. Animals were divided into four groups having three animals in each and were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The experimental diets were formulated using urea molasses straw (UMS), German grass (Echinochloa grousgalli) with or without concentrate mix (having different levels of protein). All the animals received UMS ad libitum and German grass at the rate of 20% of total DM intake. In addition to UMS and German grass of control diet T0, animals on diets T1, T2 and T3 were supplied with concentrate mixture at the rate of 10% of DM intake containing 15, 20 and 25% CP, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 2.65, 3.06, 2.62 and 2.86 kg/100 kg LW for diets T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively and the difference was non significant (P>0.05). The digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NFE and digestible nutrients (DCP, DEE and DNFE) for diets T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than those for diet T0. The daily average liveweight gain of RC heifers fed diets T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 100, 275, 333 and 291 g respectively (P<0.01). Concentrate mixture having 20% crude protein may be supplemented at the rate of 10% of DM intake per day for optimum growth of Red Chittagong heifers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9861 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 10-16

scholarly journals Partial replacement of corn by forage cactus in the diets of lactating goats

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Santiago Silva Goveia ◽  
Veronaldo Souza de Oliveira ◽  
Gladston Rafael De Arruda Santos ◽  
Karla Dias Antunes Melo ◽  
Aline Guimarães de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Daily Milk Production

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of the partial replacement of corn by forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) in the diets of lactating goats on the nutrient intake, milk production and composition and ingestive behavior. Five crossbreed Saanen x Pardo Alpina goats with body weights of 47 ± 3.3 kg were used in the study. The design was 5x5 Latin square design, in which the treatments were as follows: 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% of girl cactus included in the diet as a partial replacement of corn, with 0, 18, 36, 54 and 72% of the added the cactus comprising of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Walp) as roughage in all treatments. Treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the dry matter intake, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients with the increasing levels of cactus in the diet, presenting means of 1.64, 0.26, 0.82, 0.54 and 1.17 kg day-1, respectively. In the same way, no influence was observed on the daily milk production and levels of fat, protein, lactose and total solids of milk, which averaged 1.18 kg day-1; 3.74, 3.34, 5.06 and 13.56%, respectively. The inclusion of cactus also had no influence (P > 0.05) on the ingestion behavior. The treatment with 35% cactus showed a lower impairment of food intake (31%). The partial replacement of the corn by the girl cactus in the diets of dairy goats can be accomplished because it does not alter the intake, milk yield and composition and feeding behavior. The replacement of up to 54% corn by the cactus is recommended to reduce producer costs for food.

A comparative study of non-protein nitrogen supplements for sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Offer ◽  
R. A. Evans ◽  
R. F. E. Axford
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ammonium Lactate ◽  
Gross Energy

SummaryA basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with equi-nitrogenous amounts of either ammonium lactate, ammonium acetate or urea was fed to four re-entrant cannulated sheep in a randomized block design.Collections of duodenal digesta were carried out automatically for a continuous period of 4 days following a 10-day equilibration period for each sheep on each diet.Supplementation with non-protein nitrogen increased the passage of total amino acids to the duodenum and increased the proportion attributed to microbial protein. It improved pre-duodenal digestibility of modified acid-detergent fibre and increased post-abomasal digestibility of non-ammonia nitrogen, dry matter and gross energy.Supplementation with non-protein nitrogen increased the energetic efficiency of microbial protein production in the rumen.Ammonium lactate and acetate were safe and effective sources of non-protein nitrogen for dietary supplementation.Supplementation with ammonium lactate led to a greater passage of microbial protein to the duodenum than did equi-nitrogenous supplements of urea or ammonium acetate.

Influence of Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase supplementation of wheat and corn based diets on growth performance of pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Van Lunen ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing wheat- and corn-based diets with xylanase on growth performance and FCR of pigs from 10 to 18 wk of age. Seventy-tow castrated male pigs were assigned to pens of two and in a randomized block design to six dietary treatments consisting of diets containing 60% wheat, 40% wheat and 20% corn, and 20% wheat and 40% corn with and without supplementation with xylanase. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Xylanase supplementation improved growth rate and FCR by 9.2 and 5.3%, respectively, regardless of level of wheat and corn inclusion. Key words: Pig, growth, feed enzyme, Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase, wheat, corn

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document