scholarly journals Estimating Breeding values for milk production and mastitis traits for Holstein cattle in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Eslam Faid-Allah
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Time Parity ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Selection Of

<p class="abstrak2">This study was carried out to evaluate the sires and dams genetically for milk production and mastitis traits in Egyptian 12 herds of Holstein cattle using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction via MTDFREML program. The data was obtained from a commercial farm called Dena, located in Cairo-Alex Desert Road (80 Km), Menofia, Egypt. Data included 4791 cows, 4227 dams and 248 sires that represented the period from 2007 to 2014. Estimating breeding values for milk production traits as cumulative milk yield at 90 days (90-DM), cumulative milk yield at 180 days (180-DM), cumulative milk yield at 270 days (270-DM), cumulative milk yield at 305 days (305-DM), and number of mastitis infection around the season of lactation (MAST). The averages of the 90-DM, 180-DM, 270-DM, 305-DM and MAST were 3026.3±655.1 kg, 5873.3±1081.1 kg, 7891.1±2692.2 kg, 9611.2±1897.9 kg, and 0.712±1.2 time/parity, respectively. Estimates of heritability for the previous traits were 0.11±0.016, 0.15±0.014, 0.18±0.012, 0.22±0.015, and 0.09±0.029, respectively; genetic variance were 47206.2 kg, 175300.6 kg, 1304654.4 kg, 792411.6 kg and 0.12 time/parity, respectively; and phenotypic variance were 429147.6 kg, 1168670.6 kg, 7248079.9 kg, 3601870.9 kg, and 1.35 time/parity, respectively. The EBV values as average, SD, (Min: Max) for sires were 0.0±0.179 (-0.4: 0.66) for MAST, 0.0±86.176 (-263.1: 245.4) for 90-DM, 0.0±227.523 (-600.3: 800.3) for 180-DM, 0.0±413.48 (-323.3: 1277.7) for 270-DM and 0.0±440.26 (-1280.9: 1565.1) for 305-DM. Also, The EBVs for dams were 0.0±0.055 (-0.14: 0.45) for MAST, 0.033±26.24 (-142.8: 103.0) for 90-DM, 0.074±76.81 (-360.2: 289.6) for 180-DM, -0.045±139.66 (-591.9: 529.2) for 270-DM and 0.266±154.1 (-666.3: 617.6) for 305-DM. These results provide that the selection of sires and dams will improve the traits of milk production and mastitis in this herd because of the wide differences in genetic potential among sires and dams.</p>

scholarly journals Ten Genetic Loci Identified for Milk Yield, Fat, and Protein in Holstein Cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Liu ◽  
Jinghang Zhou ◽  
Chunpeng James Chen ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Wan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractHigh-yield and high-quality of milk are the primary goals of dairy production. Understanding the genetic architecture underlying these milk production traits is beneficial so that genetic variants can be targeted toward the genetic improvement. In this study, we measured five milk production traits in Holstein cattle population from China. These traits included milk yield, protein yield, fat yields; fat percentage and protein percentages. We used the estimated breeding values as dependent variables to conduct the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Breeding values were estimated through pedigree relationships by using a mixed linear model for individuals with and without phenotypic data. Genotyping was carried out on the individuals with phenotypes by using the Illumina BovineSNP150 BeadChip. The association analyses were conducted by using the Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) method. A total of ten SNPs was detected above the genome-wide significant threshold, including six located in previously reported QTL regions. We found eight candidate genes within distances of 120 kb upstream or downstream to the associated SNPs. The most significant SNP is on DGAT1 gene affecting milk fat and protein percentage. These genetic variants and candidate genes would be valuable resources to enhance dairy cattle breeding.

An association analysis between PRL genotype and milk production traits in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Aixin Liang ◽  
Zipeng Li ◽  
Chao Du ◽  
Guohua Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Mediterranean River

This Research Communication describes the association between genetic variation within the prolactin (PRL) gene and the milk production traits of Italian Mediterranean river buffalo (Bufala mediterranea Italiana). High resolution melting (HRM) techniques were developed for genotyping 465 buffaloes. The association of genetic polymorphism with milk production traits was performed and subsequently the effects of parity and calving season were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2 and 5 and at introns 1 and 2. All the SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and statistical analysis showed that the polymorphism of intron1 was significantly (P < 0·05) associated with milk yield, milk protein content and peak milk yield. The average contribution of the intron1 genotype (r2intron1) to total phenotypic variance in milk production traits was 0·09, and the TT genotype showed lower values than CC and CT genotypes. A nonsynonymous SNP was identified in exon 2, which resulted in an amino acid change from arginine to cysteine. Moreover, the polymorphism of exon 2 was associated significantly with milk fat content (P < 0·05), and the buffaloes with TT genotype showed higher total fat content than the buffaloes with CT genotype. These findings provide evidence that polymorphisms of the buffalo PRL gene are associated with milk production traits and PRL can be used as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo breeding.

Use of productive data to predict length of productive life in Iranian Holstein cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
A. Abdolmohammadi ◽  
M. Moradi Shahrebabak ◽  
S. R. M. Ashtiani
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Selection Of

Improvement of longevity by direct selection of sires based on theirs daughters’ longevity measures is impractical because of a low heritability and generation intervals prolonged by waiting until all cows complete their productive life. As an alternative to direct evaluation of sires for longevity is indirect prediction from genetically correlated production traits measures in the first lactation. The objectives this study were 1) to estimate genetic parameters of longevity and production traits 2) to examine relationships between longevity and first lactation milk production traits and 3) to determine selection index for sires’ longevity based on production traits.

Heterogeneity of variance between herds for milk production traits

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
P.M. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Method ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Heterogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Abundant Evidence ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Fat Yield

One assumption made by most users of the BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) method to predict breeding values, is that variances are homogeneous over herds or herd-year-seasons (HYS). In dairy cattle there is abundant evidence, however, of heterogeneity of variance across herds or herd groups (see e.g. Hill et al. 1983 and Brotherstone and Hill, 1986, for U.K. studies). The effect of ignoring heterogenous variances between herds on prediction of breeding values for bulls may be small when using a sire model, if sires were tested across many herd-variance groups. Loss in efficiency may be larger when sires are tested in few herds, or, for cows, when the genetic evaluation is for bulls and cows simultaneously (with an animal model (AM)). The aim of this study was to calculate individual herd parameter estimates to investigate heterogeneity of within herd variance in the U.K. dairy population. The investigated trait was fat yield and the estimations were carried out using a REML (Restricted Maximum Likelihood; Patterson and Thompson, 1971) program written by Karin Meyer (Meyer, 1989).

Молочная продуктивность коров австралийской селекции разной линейной принадлежности

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.F. GORLOV ◽  
E.YU. ZLOBINA ◽  
A.A. KAIDULINA ◽  
T.N. BARMINA ◽  
S.A. SURKOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Ideal Line ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Selection Of

Приведены результаты исследований молочной продуктивности и качественных показателей молока коров голштинской породы австралийской селекции 3 линий в условиях Волгоградской области. Установлено, что наиболее высокий удой молока по 1й лактации был у коров линии Рефлекшн Соверинга 198998 7262,0 кг. В сравнении со сверстницами линий Вис Бэк Айдиала 1013415 и Монтвик Чифтейна 95679 он был выше, соответственно, на 84,3 и 351,1 кг. Лучший показатель содержания жира установлен в молоке коров линии Монтвик Чифтейна 95679 3,90. Валовой выход жира был больше у коров линии Рефлекшн Соверинга 198998 в сравнении со сверстницами линий Вис Бэк Айдиала 1013415 и Монтвик Чифтейна 95679 на 4,15 и 11,42 кг. Они же отличались и наибольшим выходом молочного белка.По наивысшей лактации бльшим удоем отличались коровы линии Вис Бэк Айдиала 1013415 7689,65 кг, которые превосходили по данному показателю сверстниц линии Рефлекшн Соверинга 198998 и Монтвик Чифтейна 95679, соответственно, на 134,5 и 252,17 кг. От них молочного жира было получено больше в сравнении со сверстницами линий Рефлекшн Соверинга 198998 и Монтвик Чифтейна 95679, соответственно, на 4,42 и 9,65 кг, массовая доля белка в молоке коров этой линии была выше, соответственно, на 4,12 и 7,42 кг. Казеина содержалось больше в молоке коров линии Вис Бэк Айдиала 1013415 по сравнению со сверстницами линий Рефлекшн Соверинга 198998 и Монтвик Чифтейна 95679 на 0,02 и 0,05, продолжительность сычужной свертываемости молока у них была короче, соответственно, на 1,40 и 1,15 мин. Содержание кальция и фосфора в молоке анализируемых линий находилось в пределах физиологической нормы. Целесообразно и перспективно более широкое использование животных линий Вис Бэк Айдиала 1013415 и Рефлекшн Соверинга 198998.The article presents the results of studies of milk production and quality indicators of milk of cows of the Australian selection of Holstein cattle of three lines in the conditions of the Volgograd region. It was established that the highest milk yield in the first lactation was in cows of the Reflection Sovering line 198,998 7,262.0 kg. In comparison with the peers of the lines of Vis Back Ideal 1013415 and Montwick Chieftain 95679, it was higher by 84.3 and 351.1 kg, respectively. The best indicator of fat content is set in the milk of cows of the Montwick Chieftain line 95679 3.90. The gross yield of fat was greater for cows in the Reflection Line of Sovering 198998 compared with the peers of the lines of Vis Back Ideal 1013415 and Montwick Chieftain 95679 by 4.15 and 11.42 kg. They also differed in the highest yield of milk protein. In terms of the highest lactation, the cows of the Vis Back Ideal line 1013415 7689.65 kg differed in terms of high milk yield, which surpassed in this indicator the contemporaries of the Reflection Sovering line 198998 and Montwick Chieftain 95679, respectively, by 134.5 and 252.17 kg. Milk fat was obtained from them in comparison with the peers of the Reflection Sovering lines 198998 and Montwick Chieftain 95679 by 4.42 and 9.65 kg, respectively, the mass fraction of protein in the milk of cows of this line was higher respectively by 4.12 and 7.42 kg. There was more casein in milk of cows of the Vis Back Ideal line 1013415 compared to the peers of Reflection Sovering 198998 and Montwick Chieftain 95679 peers by 0.02 and 0.05, the duration of rennet coagulability of milk was shorter by 1.40 and 1.15, respectively min The content of calcium and phosphorus in the milk of the analyzed lines was within the physiological norm.Consequently, it is expedient and promising to use the animal lines of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 and Reflection Sovering 198998.

DAIRY HERD GENETIC DIFFERENCES FOR LACTATION PRODUCTION

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. SCHAEFFER ◽  
A. KERR ◽  
E. B. BURNSIDE
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Production Program ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Genetic Trends

Cow estimated transmitting abilities (ETA) for milk yield and fat percent derived by best linear unbiased prediction methods were used to compute averages for each herd and year of calving subclass for herds enrolled on the Record of Production program (ROP). Means and variances of herd averages were tabulated according to province, herd size, and year of calving. The genetic trends in herd averages within herd size categories were positive for milk yields and negative for fat percent. The variance of herd averages has increased since 1958 within herd size categories, but has decreased over all herds due to a shift in size of herds since 1958. Herds with fewer than 20 cows represented 31.7% of the ROP herds in Canada in 1977 while in 1958 they represented 72.4%. However, in 1977 the larger herds did not show any genetic advantage over smaller herds. Ontario herds of size 20–9 cows showed greater variability in average ETA for milk and fat percent than herds in other provinces. Correlations among traits on a herd average basis have not changed in the last 10 yr even though herd averages have changed substantially over the same period. Herd genetic differences accounted for only 2.05% of herd phenotypic variance for milk yield and 12.74% for fat percent. Key words: Genetic differences, herds, cow indexing

Electronics in animal breeding

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
G Simm ◽  
N R Wray
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased

Two of the major steps in animal breeding programmes are (i) estimation of breeding values for a defined selection objective (such as milk production or carcass lean content), and (ii) design of optimum breeding programmes, including proportion of animals selected as parents, population size etc. Advances in electronics, and particularly in computer technology, have had a major Impact on these procedures in a number of ways. In this paper we aim to highlight four of these.The preferred method of estimating breeding values is universally recognised to be BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). BLUP is superior to classical procedures, such as contemporary comparison, for several reasons. The most important is that it is more accurate in separating differences between animals which are attributable to genetic rather than environmental factors. BLUP was first proposed by Henderson in 1949 but the first BLUP evaluation was not implemented until 1970 (Henderson, 1987). This delay is almost entirely attributable to inadequate computing facilities and technology at that time, since a BLUP evaluation system requires a large number of equations to be stored and solved.

scholarly journals Domestic and Interbull information in the single step genomic evaluation of Holstein milk production

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Přibyl ◽  
J. Bauer ◽  
P. Pešek ◽  
J. Přibylová ◽  
L. Vostrý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
One Step ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Unbiased Prediction

Estimated breeding values and genomic enhanced breeding values for milk production of young genotyped Holstein bulls were predicted using a conventional animal model, ridge regression genomic prediction procedure, genomic best linear unbiased prediction, single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction, and one-step blending procedures. For prediction, the nation-wide database of domestic Czech production records was combined with deregressed proofs from Interbull files through 2008, which had been transformed by multiple across country evaluation to reflect domestic production conditions. 1259 genotyped bulls had already been proven in 2008. Analyses were run that used Interbull values only for these genotyped bulls and used Interbull values for all available sires. Predictions were validated by comparing correlations of breeding value predictions with estimated breeding values and daughter-yield-deviations after progeny test in 2012 of 140 young genotyped bulls and their associated reliabilities. Combining domestic data with Interbull estimated breeding values improved prediction of both estimated breeding values and genomic enhanced breeding values. Prediction by animal model (traditional estimated breeding values) using only the domestic database had 0.29 validated reliability of prediction; whereas combining the nation-wide domestic database with all available deregressed proofs for genotyped and non-genotyped sires from Interbull resulted in reliability of 0.34, compared to 0.36 when using Interbull data only. The highest reliabilities were for predictions from the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction procedure using combined data, or with all available deregressed proofs from Interbull only (one-step blending approach), which reached validated reliabilities for genomic enhanced breeding values predictions 0.53 and 0.54, respectively. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Biometrical analysis and selection of tetraploid progenies of Panicum maximum using mixed model methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela Maria Simeão Resende ◽  
Liana Jank ◽  
Cacilda Borges do Valle ◽  
Ana Lídia Variani Bonato
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Clonal Test ◽  
Selection Of

The objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters and to predict the genetic and genotypic values of the selection candidates obtained from intraspecific crosses in Panicum maximum as well as the performance of the hybrid progeny of the existing and projected crosses. Seventy-nine intraspecific hybrids obtained from artificial crosses among five apomictic and three sexual autotetraploid individuals were evaluated in a clonal test with two replications and ten plants per plot. Green matter yield, total and leaf dry matter yields and leaf percentage were evaluated in five cuts per year during three years. Genetic parameters were estimated and breeding and genotypic values were predicted using the restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction procedure (REML/BLUP). The dominant genetic variance was estimated by adjusting the effect of full-sib families. Low magnitude individual narrow sense heritabilities (0.02-0.05), individual broad sense heritabilities (0.14-0.20) and repeatability measured on an individual basis (0.15-0.21) were obtained. Dominance effects for all evaluated characteristics indicated that breeding strategies that explore heterosis must be adopted. Less than 5% increase in the parameter repeatability was obtained for a three-year evaluation period and may be the criterion to determine the maximum number of years of evaluation to be adopted, without compromising gain per cycle of selection. The identification of hybrid candidates for future cultivars and of those that can be incorporated into the breeding program was based on the genotypic and breeding values, respectively. The prediction of the performance of the hybrid progeny, based on the breeding values of the progenitors, permitted the identification of the best crosses and indicated the best parents to use in crosses.

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