scholarly journals Adipotsitokiny v nauchnoy i klinicheskoy praktike

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Kosygina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Health Organization

In recent decades, overweight and obesity have become a major problem for most countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than a billion people worldwide are overweight and more than 300 million are obese. These clinical and experimental studies highlight a clear relationship between obesity and several chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, high risk of oncological diseases, disorders of the reproductive sphere, pathology of the musculoskeletal system, as well as deviations in mental status and processes of social adaptation. Therefore, considerable efforts of modern endocrinology focused on the study of etiopathogenetic aspects that underlie these diseases and identification of possible markers.

Pregnancy planning in women with diabetes mellitus type 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Borovik ◽  
Еkaterina V. Musina ◽  
Alyona V. Tiselko ◽  
Svetlana V. Suslova ◽  
Olga B. Glavnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Self Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pregnancy Planning ◽  
Planned Pregnancy ◽  
The World

BACKGROUND: The increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide and the improvement in the quality of diabetic and obstetric care lead to an increase in the number of pregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The incidence of obstetric and perinatal adverse outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus is often higher than in women with type 1 diabetes. In the world literature, there are few works on the effect of pregnancy planning on the course and outcome of pregnancy in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of pregnancy planning in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in improvement of pregnancy and birth outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retro- and prospectively analyzed the course and outcome of pregnancy in 124 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were observed in the Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy Center of the Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott for the period from 2010 to 2019. The study included 34 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the stage of pregnancy planning and 90 women during pregnancy. All patients underwent a general clinical examination, carbohydrate metabolism correction, training at the School of Diabetes Mellitus in the principles of rational nutrition, self-control of glycemia and insulin therapy. Diabetes compensation was assessed by the level of glycated hemoglobin, determined using a method certified in accordance with the National Glycogemoglobin Standartization Program and standardized in accordance with the reference values adopted in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, as well as by the level of glycemia (self-control at least four times a day). We also assessed the severity of vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus before and during pregnancy, and identified and treated comorbidities. To assess the degree of obesity, the criteria of the World Health Organization and the pregravid body mass index calculated by the Quetelet formula were used. The severity of preeclampsia was assessed in accordance with federal clinical guidelines. Ultrasound examination of the fetus with Doppler blood flow in the vessels of the fetoplacental complex was performed using a Voluson E6 ultrasound system (GE Healthcare, USA). For the timely diagnosis of diabetic fetopathy and fetal cardiomyopathy, dynamic fetometry and echocardiography were conducted. In addition, cardiotocography was performed for antenatal assessment of the fetus from the 30th week of pregnancy. After delivery, a neonatologist assessed the condition of the newborn using the Apgar scale at the first and fifth minutes of life, and then the assessment was carried out in the early neonatal period. RESULTS: In the group of women who received pregravid training, the course and outcomes of pregnancy were significantly better: the frequency of preeclampsia was lower (14.7%) compared to the group of women with an unplanned pregnancy (40.0%); there was no severe preeclampsia compared to the same women (13.3%). The number of preterm births was significantly lower (14.7%) in the group of women with planned pregnancy compared to the group of women without pregravid preparation (37.8%). In addition, in the group of women planning pregnancy, there were no fetal congenital malformations, neonatal hypoglycemic conditions, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; in the group of women with an unplanned pregnancy, these parameters being found to amount to 6.7%, 24.4% and 6.7%, respectively. There was no perinatal mortality in the group of women with a planned pregnancy; however, this parameter was shown to be 3.3% in the group of women with an unplanned pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy planning in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can significantly improve the course of pregnancy and childbirth outcomes.

scholarly journals Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Irina A. Novikova ◽  
◽  
Tatiana M. Panina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insulin Insufficiency

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a violation of carbohydrate metabolism caused by insulin resistance and relative insulin insufficiency or a violation of insulin secretion with or without insulin resistance. The number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2030 this number will increase to 439 million, which is almost 10% of the adult population. A dentist is often the first to encounter manifestations of diabetes mellitus in the oral cavity, such as caries, candidiasis, dryness, inflammatory periodontal diseases, etc. Therefore, timely diagnosis and close interaction of doctors of different specialties is crucial for the treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals The Tsunami of Cardiometabolic Diseases: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity and Type-2 diabetes, are a growing concern and have become an epidemic worldwide. A World Health Organization (WHO) report, - ‘Global Prevalence of Type-2 diabetes’ estimates incidence of this disease, to be 9% among adults. An estimated 1.5 million death worldwide, were directly caused by diabetes. More than 80% of the Type-2 diabetes-related deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. Worldwide in 2013, it was estimated that almost 400 million people suffer from diabetes, and this is supposed to reach a high of 600 million by 2035. According to the World Health Organization estimates, the impact of Type-2 diabetes-related health care expenditure, to prevent and manage diabetes and its clinical complications in the USA alone, was USD 360 billion in 2010 and will exceed 360 billion by 2030. WHO predicts losses in national income from Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) to be in equivalents of 557 billion in International Dollars (ID) in China, 303 billion in Russia, and 236 billion in India. Currently, there are 75 million diabetics in India and an equal number of pre-diabetics. The incidence of Type-2 diabetes in China also has reached epidemic proportions. Gulf Countries also have reported a high incidence of diabetes. One of the Global targets for diabetes management was to halt by 2025, the rise in the age-standardized adult prevalence of this disease, at its 2010 levels. However, according a recent publication in the Lancet (April 2016) by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, if the post-2000 trends continue in the increased incidence of type-2 diabetes, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2020 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and women. Because of these observations, the best choice we have is, to go by the World Diabetes Federation recommendations, and manage the hyperglycemia efficiently. Besides, develop programs for early detection of altered glucose metabolism, and implement robust strategies for normalization of this altered state. In conclusion, through robust prevention programs, reduce the disease incidence, through better diagnostic tests, detect early risks that initiate or promote clinical complications, and by effective management of the risks, reduce or prevent acute events related to the end-organ failure.

Understanding Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips ◽  
Roger Gadsby
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Organization

The aim of this chapter is to provide nurses with the knowledge to be able to assess, manage, and care for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in an evidence-based and person-centred way. Diabetes mellitus is a long-term condition that can affect people of all ages; consequently, people with diabetes mellitus can be found in every healthcare environment, from hospitals to care homes. The chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of the classifications, causes, and risk factors of diabetes. The key principles of patient assessment are established, before exploring best practice to deliver care, prevent acute complications, and minimize long-term complications. Nursing assessments and priorities are highlighted throughout, and the nursing management of the symptoms and common health problems associated with diabetes can be found in Chapters 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, and 28, respectively. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic conditions with hyperglycaemia occurring as the main feature. It is characterized by chronic increased blood glucose (hyperglycaemia), with disturbance of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, which results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (World Health Organization (WHO), 1999). The hormone insulin, produced by the beta cells in the pancreas, controls blood glucose levels, keeping them within a narrow range in normal health (4–6 mmol/l before food). When blood glucose levels rise (for example, after a meal containing carbohydrates has been consumed), glucose enters the beta cells, eventually resulting in the release of insulin into the portal circulation. The classifications of diabetes mellitus (World Health Organization, 2006) are as follows….● Type 1 diabetes mellitus, previously known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) ● Type 2 diabetes mellitus, previously known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) ● Gestational diabetes mellitus ● Others, such as disorders affecting the pancreas, and endocrine conditions…The features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are outlined in Table 9.1. Gestational diabetes is carbohydrate intolerance, resulting in hyperglycaemia with onset or recognition during pregnancy (World Health Organization, 2006). However, the condition may have been present prior to pregnancy, but not been diagnosed. Diabetes mellitus may occur for other reasons, including genetic defects and diseases affecting the pancreas.

Association of Vitamins with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kumar Durgeshwar, MD ◽  
Dr. Rajkumar Yadav, MD ◽  
Dr. Suman Kumar Singh, MD
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dietary Shift ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Organization

The cases of DM are increasing rapidly at an alarming rate all over the globe. About 415 million adults are suffering from the disease all around the world according to the International Federation of Diabetes. It is also estimated that by the year 2040 the number of people suffering from diabetes will reach around 642 million [1]. The number of adults with diabetes has quadrupled to 422 million since 1980 according to the first global report on Diabetes by World Health Organization [2]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious problem of public health in India associated with dietary shift, genetic susceptibility and lifestyle changes [3]. According to a study it has been found that diabetes is gaining the status of epidemic in India with more than 62 million people diagnosed with the disease. [4,5].

scholarly journals Association between obesity and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2; a study protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo De la Cruz-Cano ◽  
Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zarate ◽  
Emilio Reyes-Ramos ◽  
Thelma Beatriz Gonzalez-Castro ◽  
Isela Juarez-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus and depression are highly prevalent conditions throughout the world and have significant impact on health outcomes. It has been estimated that diabetes mellitus type 2 affects about 246 million people in the world; nevertheless, incidence varies among countries. There is evidence that depression is associated with a poor metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that present other health problems (such as hypertension and obesity). The aim of this study protocol is to determine if obesity increases the risk for depression in patient with diabetes type 2.Methods: The analysis will be reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).The studies suitable for inclusion will be assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to determine their methodological quality. To identify the studies of interest, we will search on PubMed and EBSCO databases. We will use the following keyword combinations: "Diabetes Mellitus type 2 AND obesity AND depression", "depression AND Diabetes Mellitus type 2", "Diabetes Mellitus type 2 AND body mass index cross sectional study", "depression AND obesity cross-sectional study". Causes for exclusion will be publications that studied patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 1; articles that focused on the treatment and complications of diabetes mellitus type 2; publications that have studied other clinical or psychiatric conditions (for instance, seizure disorder or history of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychotic symptoms or dementia).Conclusion: The results of this study will form the basis for a better understanding of the association between obesity and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, and will allow development of prediction tools and better interventions. It is evident that several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes among population. Currently, evidence for the deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus type 2 are based on cross-sectional or other observational designs. Therefore, this study will have important implications for future research and public health guidance.

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