scholarly journals The role of zinc in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Evgeniya S. Senyushkina ◽  
Ekaterina А. Troshina
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Transport ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rna And Dna Synthesis ◽  
Rna And Dna

About one third of the world’s population is deficient in one or more micronutrients, with the most common deficiencies in iodine, iron, zinc, vitamin A and folate. Deficiency of one or more essential vitamins and minerals is usually the result of poor nutrition and / or insufficient absorption of micronutrients as a result of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It is possible that the deficiency of certain trace elements, in turn, can aggravate iodine deficiency and contribute to dysfunction of the thyroid gland. There are assumptions about the relationship between the content of iodine, selenium, iron, zinc in the human body and the level of thyroid hormones. Zinc is a vital trace element for all living organisms, participating in many biochemical processes in cells, including cell differentiation and division, its growth, cell transport, transcription, protein synthesis, RNA and DNA synthesis, and DNA replication. Its role as an antioxidant and participation in the functioning of both innate (T, NK and NKT cells) and adaptive immunity (anti-inflammatory cytokines) are very important. This review will consider the role of zinc in the synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormones and Functional Ovarian Reserve: Systemic vs. Peripheral Dysfunctions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Colella ◽  
Danila Cuomo ◽  
Antonia Giacco ◽  
Massimo Mallardo ◽  
Mario De Felice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
The Relationship

Thyroid hormones (THs) exert pleiotropic effects in different mammalian organs, including gonads. Genetic and non-genetic factors, such as ageing and environmental stressors (e.g., low-iodine intake, exposure to endocrine disruptors, etc.), can alter T4/T3 synthesis by the thyroid. In any case, peripheral T3, controlled by tissue-specific enzymes (deiodinases), receptors and transporters, ensures organ homeostasis. Conflicting reports suggest that both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, assessed by mean of circulating T4, T3 and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), could affect the functionality of the ovarian reserve determining infertility. The relationship between ovarian T3 level and functional ovarian reserve (FOR) is poorly understood despite that the modifications of local T3 metabolism and signalling have been associated with dysfunctions of several organs. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge on the role of TH signalling and its crosstalk with other pathways in controlling the physiological and premature ovarian ageing and, finally, in preserving FOR. We will consider separately the reports describing the effects of circulating and local THs on the ovarian health to elucidate their role in ovarian dysfunctions.

scholarly journals Microbiota in Healthy Skin and in Atopic Eczema

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Baviera ◽  
Maria Chiara Leoni ◽  
Lucetta Capra ◽  
Francesca Cipriani ◽  
Giorgio Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Disease States ◽  
The Relationship

The Italian interest group (IG) on atopic eczema and urticaria is member of the Italian Society of Allergology and Immunology. The aim of our IG is to provide a platform for scientists, clinicians, and experts. In this review we discuss the role of skin microbiota not only in healthy skin but also in skin suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD). A Medline and Embase search was conducted for studies evaluating the role of skin microbiota. We examine microbiota composition and its development within days after birth; we describe the role of specific groups of microorganisms that colonize distinct anatomical niches and the biology and clinical relevance of antimicrobial peptides expressed in the skin. Specific AD disease states are characterized by concurrent and anticorrelated shifts in microbial diversity and proportion ofStaphylococcus. These organisms may protect the host, defining them not as simple symbiotic microbes but rather as mutualistic microbes. These findings reveal links between microbial communities and inflammatory diseases such as AD and provide novel insights into global shifts of bacteria relevant to disease progression and treatment. This review also highlights recent observations on the importance of innate immune systems and the relationship with normal skin microflora for the maintenance of healthy skin.

On the importance of things: a relational approach to agency

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Mendoza-Collazos
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Extended Mind ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe present review is conceived to be a contribution from the double perspective of a semiotician and a designer to the current debate on the extended mind and on distributed cognition, focusing on the role of things (artefacts, material culture) for the emergence of agency in animate beings. The theory of material engagement as conceived by Lambros Malafouris was formally introduced seven years ago, proposing an idea of boundless cognition and reformulating key notions such as agency, intentionality, and mental representations, philosophically framed with the help of approaches such as postphenomenology (Ihde 2009; Ihde and Malafouris 2019). There is much to commend about a non-hierarchical, interdependent relationship between the world and living organisms — and more specifically between material things and human beings. Nevertheless, a balanced review of the notion of “material agency” is still called for. In this review, I show that an asymmetry can be introduced into the relationship between artefacts and human beings without committing the “sin” of anthropocentrism.

scholarly journals The role of interleukin-17 in asthma: a protective response?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 00364-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth M. Hynes ◽  
Timothy S.C. Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Eosinophilic Asthma ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Airways Inflammation

While there now exist effective treatments for type 2 high, eosinophilic asthma, there are no specific therapies for 40–50% of people with asthma with other phenotypes, which result from poorly understood underlying pathological mechanisms. One such pathology is neutrophilic inflammation, which has been associated with interleukin (IL)-17 family cytokines. Human genetic studies identified IL-17 polymorphisms associated with asthma; in murine models of allergic airways disease, IL-17A contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness, and in humans, elevated airway IL-17A levels are repeatedly observed in severe asthma. However, the directionality of this association is unknown, and the assumption that IL-17 cytokines drive disease pathology remains speculative. Here, we explore the evidence underlying the relationship between IL-17 and asthma, we review lessons learned from investigating IL-17 in other inflammatory diseases, and discuss the possibility that IL-17 may even be protective in asthma rather than pathogenic. We also critically examine the newly proposed paradigm of a reciprocal relationship between type 2 and type 17 airways inflammation. In summary, we suggest an association between IL-17 and asthma, but research is needed examining the diverse functions of these cytokines, their longitudinal stability, their response to clinical interventions, and for mechanistic studies determining whether they are protective or pathogenic.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Diseases: The Role of Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Wang ◽  
Wei-Dong Chen ◽  
Yan-Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Prospects and Validity of Laboratory Cage Tests Conducted in Honeybee Research Part Two: New Possibilities for Use of Laboratory Cage Tests in Response to Challenges Revealed at the Turn of the 20th and 21st Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Piotr Dziechciarz ◽  
Grzegorz Borsuk ◽  
Krzysztof Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Specific Factor ◽  
Animal Biotechnology ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Gerontological Research ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractNowadays, cell cultures are a standard tool in animal biotechnology, but the problem with honeybees is the constant lack of appropriate cell lines to be used in in vitro research. Until the imperfections of bee tissue cultures are resolved, researchers have to conduct experiments on bees in laboratory cage tests (LCTs).At the turn of the 21st century many new hazards for beekeeping appeared. An early recognized problem was the Colony Collapse Disorder and Honey Bee Depopulation Syndrome, which were associated with the harmfulness of pesticides and strictly linked with a decline in bee immunity. Such problems in LCTs were attempted to be resolved through research on the interactions between biostimulators and antiparasitic drugs. LCTs allow the relationship between the dose of a specific factor and its impact to be determined, which can be used in the establishment of reference values. Furthermore, LCTs may be a useful tool in understanding the function and role of bee gut flora.Using the honeybee as an animal model is possible thanks to knowledge of the honeybee genome and bee biology and the similarity between some physiological and biochemical processes and those occurring in humans. So far, LCTs have been used to understand better human aging, learning and gene expression regulating. This is facilitated by the advanced development of medicine and molecular genetics, and in the future the use of honeybees may become a standard in biochemical or gerontological research.

scholarly journals Indicators of the Relationship Between the Chemical Composition of Plant and Harvest Potatoes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik Abeuov ◽  
Olzhas Shoykin ◽  
Viktor Kamkin ◽  
Yuri Ermokhin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Relationship

The authors carried out long-term research on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the “Gala” potato variety in the Pavlodar region. The relationship was established between the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical composition of the potato plant in certain phases of growth and development. Various chemical and biochemical processes occur in soil and plants every second. The productivity of plants (y) depends on how the processes take place and proceed, since it is a function of the chemical composition (x) of the leaves: y = f x. The theoretical foundations of plant diagnostics are based on the role of nutrients in the formation of the crop, starting from the early stages of development. According to Yu. I. Ermokhin, the theory of this research provides information on the needs of plants, and in practice these needs must be satisfied. The authors carried out field experiments with fertilizers to obtain the sought-for connections from the low to the optimal content between the ratio of nutrients in the potato plant, which is confirmed by high correlation coefficients (r = 0.79-0.97). If the nitrogen content is higher than the optimal 4.64% in the 7-leaf phase and 4.16% in the flowering phase, then the nature of the ovary takes on a different meaning and the equation is described in a quadratic parabola form. Keywords: potato, harvest, nutrition, fertilizers, plant growth

scholarly journals Expression, Distribution and Role of Aquaporins in Various Rhinologic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5853
Author(s):  
Su Young Jung ◽  
Dong Choon Park ◽  
Sung Su Kim ◽  
Seung Geun Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Membrane Channel ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Membrane

Aquaporins (AQPs) are water-specific membrane channel proteins that regulate cellular and organismal water homeostasis. The nose, an organ with important respiratory and olfactory functions, is the first organ exposed to external stimuli. Nose-related topics such as allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been the subject of extensive research. These studies have reported that mechanisms that drive the development of multiple inflammatory diseases that occur in the nose and contribute to the process of olfactory recognition of compounds entering the nasal cavity involve the action of water channels such as AQPs. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between AQPs and rhinologic conditions, focusing on the current state of knowledge and mechanisms that link AQPs and rhinologic conditions. Key conclusions include the following: (1) Various AQPs are expressed in both nasal mucosa and olfactory mucosa; (2) the expression of AQPs in these tissues is different in inflammatory diseases such as AR or CRS, as compared with that in normal tissues; (3) the expression of AQPs in CRS differs depending on the presence or absence of nasal polyps; and (4) the expression of AQPs in tissues associated with olfaction is different from that in the respiratory epithelium.

scholarly journals COVID-19 associated cardiac disease: Is there a role of neutrophil extracellular traps in pathogenesis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Amal Feiroze Farouk ◽  
◽  
Areez Shafqat ◽  
Shameel Shafqat ◽  
Junaid Kashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

<abstract> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has driven an upheaval of new research, providing key insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. Lymphocytopenia, hyper-inflammation and cardiac involvement are prominent features of the disease and have prognostic value. However, the mechanistic links among these phenomena are not well understood. Likewise, some COVID-19 patients exhibit multi-organ failure with diseases affecting the cardiac system, appearing to be an emerging feature of the COVID-19 pandemic. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been frequently correlated with larger infarct sizes and can predict major adverse cardiac events. However, the exact mechanism behind this remains unknown. Although the excessive NET formation can drive inflammation, particularly endothelial and promote thrombosis, it is essential to normal immunity. In this paper, we postulate the role of NETs in cardiac disease by providing an overview of the relationship between NET and inflammasome activities in lung and liver diseases, speculating a link between these entities in cardiac diseases as well. Future research is required to specify the role of NETs in COVID-19, since this carries potential therapeutic significance, as inhibition of NETosis could alleviate symptoms of this disease. Knowledge gained from this could serve to inform the assessment and therapeutics of other hyper inflammatory diseases affecting the heart and vasculature alike.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ORAL MICROBIOME IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION AND SOMATIC PATHOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (68) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Виктор Катола ◽  
Viktor Katola ◽  
Валерия Комогорцева ◽  
Valeriya Komogorceva
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Microbial Associations ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
The Relationship

The review presents the modern concept of the oral microbiome, its species diversity, the properties of microbial associations and their effect on the immunobiological resistance of the organism, development of chronic inflammation and two leading infectious and inflammatory diseases (dental caries and periodontal diseases). There is briefly summarized information about the presence and nature of the relationship between the composition of periodontal microorganisms and concomitant somatic diseases: in atherosclerotic plaques in cardiovascular diseases, with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and other organs and systems.

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