scholarly journals COVID-19 associated cardiac disease: Is there a role of neutrophil extracellular traps in pathogenesis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Amal Feiroze Farouk ◽  
◽  
Areez Shafqat ◽  
Shameel Shafqat ◽  
Junaid Kashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

<abstract> <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has driven an upheaval of new research, providing key insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. Lymphocytopenia, hyper-inflammation and cardiac involvement are prominent features of the disease and have prognostic value. However, the mechanistic links among these phenomena are not well understood. Likewise, some COVID-19 patients exhibit multi-organ failure with diseases affecting the cardiac system, appearing to be an emerging feature of the COVID-19 pandemic. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been frequently correlated with larger infarct sizes and can predict major adverse cardiac events. However, the exact mechanism behind this remains unknown. Although the excessive NET formation can drive inflammation, particularly endothelial and promote thrombosis, it is essential to normal immunity. In this paper, we postulate the role of NETs in cardiac disease by providing an overview of the relationship between NET and inflammasome activities in lung and liver diseases, speculating a link between these entities in cardiac diseases as well. Future research is required to specify the role of NETs in COVID-19, since this carries potential therapeutic significance, as inhibition of NETosis could alleviate symptoms of this disease. Knowledge gained from this could serve to inform the assessment and therapeutics of other hyper inflammatory diseases affecting the heart and vasculature alike.</p> </abstract>

Prognostic implications of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in coronary thrombi of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Blasco ◽  
María José Coronado ◽  
Paula Vela ◽  
Paloma Martin ◽  
Jorge Solano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
St Elevation

Aims: The mechanisms of coronary thrombosis can influence prognosis after STEMI and allow for different treatment groups to be identified; an association between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and unfavorable clinical outcomes has been suggested. Our aim was to determine the role played by NETs in coronary thrombosis and their influence on prognosis. The role of other histological features in prognosis and the association between NETs and bacteria in the coronary thrombi were also explored. Methods and Results: We studied 406 patients with STEMI in which coronary thrombi were consecutively obtained by aspiration during angioplasty between 2012 and 2018. Analysis of NETs in paraffin-embedded thrombi was based on the colocalization of specific NET components by means of confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemistry stains were used to identify plaque fragments. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to detect bacteria. NETs were detected in 51% of the thrombi [NET density, median (IQR): 25% (17–38%)]. The median follow-up was 47 months (95% CI 43-51); 105 (26%) patients experienced major adverse cardiac events (MACE). A significant association was found between the presence of NETs in coronary aspirates and the occurrence of MACE in the first 30 days after infarction (HR 2.82; 95% CI 1.26–6.35, p=.012), mainly due to cardiac deaths and stent thrombosis. Conclusions: The presence of NETs in coronary thrombi was associated with a worse prognosis soon after STEMI. In some patients, NETs could be a treatment target and a feasible way to prevent reinfarction.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Affecting Cardiovascular Health in Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Manovriti Thakur ◽  
Bryce Evans ◽  
Marc Schindewolf ◽  
Iris Baumgartner ◽  
Yvonne Döring
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like structures of decondensed extracellular chromatin fibers and neutrophil granule proteins released by neutrophils. NETs participate in host immune defense by entrapping pathogens. They are pro-inflammatory in function, and they act as an initiator of vascular coagulopathies by providing a platform for the attachment of various coagulatory proteins. NETs are diverse in their ability to alter physiological and pathological processes including infection and inflammation. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on the role of NETs in bacterial/viral infections associated with vascular inflammation, thrombosis, atherosclerosis and autoimmune disorders. Understanding the complex role of NETs in bridging infection and chronic inflammation as well as discussing important questions related to their contribution to pathologies outlined above may pave the way for future research on therapeutic targeting of NETs applicable to specific infections and inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2–triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Protasio Veras ◽  
Marjorie Cornejo Pontelli ◽  
Camila Meirelles Silva ◽  
Juliana E. Toller-Kawahisa ◽  
Mikhael de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Activated Neutrophils ◽  
Epithelial Cell Death

Severe COVID-19 patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome that may progress to cytokine storm syndrome, organ dysfunction, and death. Considering that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as important mediators of tissue damage in inflammatory diseases, we investigated whether NETs would be involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology. A cohort of 32 hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and healthy controls were enrolled. The concentration of NETs was augmented in plasma, tracheal aspirate, and lung autopsies tissues from COVID-19 patients, and their neutrophils released higher levels of NETs. Notably, we found that viable SARS-CoV-2 can directly induce the release of NETs by healthy neutrophils. Mechanistically, NETs triggered by SARS-CoV-2 depend on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, serine protease, virus replication, and PAD-4. Finally, NETs released by SARS-CoV-2–activated neutrophils promote lung epithelial cell death in vitro. These results unravel a possible detrimental role of NETs in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Therefore, the inhibition of NETs represents a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Establishment and Progression of Renal Diseases

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Salazar-Gonzalez ◽  
Alexa Zepeda-Hernandez ◽  
Zesergio Melo ◽  
Diego Eduardo Saavedra-Mayorga ◽  
Raquel Echavarria
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Glomerular Injury ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Autoimmune Processes ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Uncontrolled inflammatory and immune responses are often involved in the development of acute and chronic forms of renal injury. Neutrophils are innate immune cells recruited early to sites of inflammation, where they produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and release mesh-like structures comprised of DNA and granular proteins known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are potentially toxic, contribute to glomerular injury, activate autoimmune processes, induce vascular damage, and promote kidney fibrosis. Evidence from multiple studies suggests that an imbalance between production and clearance of NETs is detrimental for renal health. Hence strategies aimed at modulating NET-associated processes could have a therapeutic impact on a myriad of inflammatory diseases that target the kidney. Here, we summarize the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of renal diseases and their mechanisms of tissue damage.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Bonaventura ◽  
Alessandra Vecchié ◽  
Antonio Abbate ◽  
Fabrizio Montecucco
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Rheumatologic Diseases ◽  
Decondensed Chromatin ◽  
The Relationship

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed by decondensed chromatin, histones, and neutrophil granular proteins and have a role in entrapping microbial pathogens. NETs, however, have pro-thrombotic properties by stimulating fibrin deposition, and increased NET levels correlate with larger infarct size and predict major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. NETs have been involved also in the pathogenesis of diabetes, as high glucose levels were found to induce NETosis. Accordingly, NETs have been described as drivers of diabetic complications, such as diabetic wound and diabetic retinopathy. Inflammasomes are macromolecular structures involved in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1, which is a key mediator in CV diseases. A crosstalk between the inflammasome and NETs is known for some rheumatologic diseases, while this link is still under investigation and not completely understood in CV diseases. In this review, we summarized the most recent updates about the role of NETs in acute myocardial infarction and metabolic diseases and provided an overview on the relationship between NET and inflammasome activities in rheumatologic diseases, speculating a possible link between these two entities also in CV diseases.

scholarly journals The Pathophysiological Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Inflammatory Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 (01) ◽  
pp. 006-027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Bonaventura ◽  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Federico Carbone ◽  
Alessandra Vecchié ◽  
Candela Diaz-Cañestro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases

AbstractNeutrophil pathogen-killing mechanism termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been recently identified. NETs consist of chromatin and histones along with serine proteases and myeloperoxidase and are induced by a great variety of infectious and non-infectious stimuli. NETosis is a kind of programmed neutrophil death characterized by chromatin decondensation and release of nuclear granular contents, mainly driven by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 citrullination of histones. Although classically related to the protection against infectious pathogens, nowadays NETs have been described as a player of several pathophysiological processes. Neutrophil dysregulation has been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of most representative vascular diseases, such as acute coronary syndrome, stroke and venous thrombosis. Indeed, NETs have been identified within atherosclerotic lesions and arterial thrombi in both human beings and animal models. Moreover, an imbalance in this mechanism has been proposed as a critical source of modified and/or externalized autoantigens in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Finally, an update on the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of cancer has been included. In the present review, based on papers released on PubMed and MEDLINE up to July 2017, we point to update the knowledge on NETs, from their structure to their roles in infectious diseases as well as in cardiovascular diseases, autoimmunity, metabolic disorders and cancer, with a look to future perspectives and therapeutic opportunities.

Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Hongyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

Religion and the Military

2018 ◽  
pp. 535-552
Author(s):  
Leana A. Bouffard ◽  
Haerim Jin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Offending Patterns ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides an overview of the literature examining the role of religion and military service in the desistance process. It also identifies outstanding issues and directions for future research. It first presents an overview of research examining the role of religion in desistance and highlights measurement issues, potential intervening mechanisms, and a consideration of faith-based programs as criminal justice policy. Next, this chapter covers the relationship between military service and offending patterns, including period effects that explain variation in the relationship, selection effects, and the incorporation of military factors in criminal justice policy and programming. The chapter concludes by highlighting general conclusions from these two bodies of research and questions to be considered in future research.

Institutions and the Embedded Entrepreneur

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
Maryann Feldman ◽  
Paige Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Logic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Resources

This chapter examines the relationship between entrepreneurs and the communities in which they are embedded. It argues that the actions of entrepreneurs and their firms are contextually situated in specific geographies that make their actions endogenous in the development of place and define a place-specific institutional logic. This argument is at odds with the view that industry clustering is due to the role of incumbent firms. This chapter reconciles these views by adopting a temporal view, allowing both incumbents and geography to co-occur and influence clustering. It then considers the current evidence of entrepreneurs’ effects on regional resources and capacity, and concludes with suggestions for future research.

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