scholarly journals MICROELEMENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS: FOCUS ON SILICON

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
I A Skripnikova ◽  
A V Gur’ev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Positive Effect

The present review of literature is focusing on the role of the trace element silicon in the process of remodeling of bone tissue and exploring the possibility of using the silicon-containing supplements in the complex prevention of osteoporosis. The experimental studies had proved the involvement of silicon in the development of connective tissue, formation and mineralization of bone tissue. A few clinical trials showed a positive effect of silicon supplements on the bone mass and markers of a bone metabolism. Because the potential biological role of silicon in osteogenesis was not completely studied the growing attention of the scientific medical community to this important nutrient will improve the understanding of its role and place in the formation of healthy bone tissue, and its use to prevent the development of osteoporosis.

ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis in Human Cancer: Potential Role for Pediatric Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 892-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Ataide Carneiro de Paula Gonzaga ◽  
Vitória Andrade Palmeira ◽  
Thomas Felipe Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Larissa Braga Costa ◽  
Karla Emília de Sá Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
At1 Receptor ◽  
Pediatric Tumors ◽  
Mas Receptor

Background: Pediatric tumors remain the highest cause of death in developed countries. Research on novel therapeutic strategies with lesser side effects is of utmost importance. In this scenario, the role of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) axes, the classical one formed by angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II and AT1 receptor and the alternative axis composed by ACE2, Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor, have been investigated in cancer. Objective: This review aimed to summarize the pathophysiological role of RAS in cancer, evidence for anti-tumor effects of ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis and future therapeutic perspectives for pediatric cancer. Methods: Pubmed, Scopus and Scielo were searched in regard to RAS molecules in human cancer and pediatric patients. The search terms were “RAS”, “ACE”, “Angiotensin-(1-7)”, “ACE2”, “Angiotensin II”, “AT1 receptor”, “Mas receptor”, “Pediatric”, “Cancer”. Results: Experimental studies have shown that Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits the growth of tumor cells and reduces local inflammation and angiogenesis in several types of cancer. Clinical trials with Angiotensin-( 1-7) or TXA127, a pharmaceutical grade formulation of the naturally occurring peptide, have reported promising findings, but not enough to recommend medical use in human cancer. In regard to pediatric cancer, only three articles that marginally investigated RAS components were found and none of them evaluated molecules of the alternative RAS axis. Conclusion: Despite the potential applicability of Angiotensin-(1-7) in pediatric tumors, the role of this molecule was never tested. Further clinical trials are necessary, also including pediatric patients, to confirm safety and efficiency and to define therapeutic targets.

Controversies on neuroprotection therapy in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Sohan Singh Hayreh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Study Designs

ObjectiveThere has long been a great interest in neuroprotection therapy for ischaemic stroke and various types of optic neuropathies. In view of that, I reviewed the literature on the role of neuroprotection for non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION).MethodsThe review is based on a PubMed search of literature about the use of neuroprotectors in stroke and optic neuropathies and about current clinical trials of RPh201 and QPI-1007 in NA-AION.ResultsSeveral neuroprotection agents for ischaemic stroke and various types of optic neuropathies have been evaluated extensively in experimental studies in animals and benefits claimed. However, translation of therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection from experimental research to humans has invariably been fraught with failure. Two currently ongoing studies dealing with neuroprotection by RPh201 and QPI-1007 in NA-AION may have limitations in their rationale and study designs.ConclusionsUnfortunately, in spite of all the experimental and clinical research on neuroprotection agents in NA-AION so far, we have no scientifically proven evidence of neuroprotection agents showing any benefit in the human clinical studies so far.

scholarly journals The Adipose-Derived Stem Cell and Endothelial Cell Coculture System—Role of Growth Factors?

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2074
Author(s):  
Dominik Steiner ◽  
Hilkea Mutschall ◽  
Sophie Winkler ◽  
Raymund E. Horch ◽  
Andreas Arkudas
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Coculture System ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cell ◽  
Bone Tissue Formation

Adequate vascularization is a fundamental prerequisite for bone regeneration, formation and tissue engineering applications. Endothelialization of scaffold materials is a promising strategy to support neovascularization and bone tissue formation. Besides oxygen and nutrition supply, the endothelial network plays an important role concerning osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells and consecutive bone formation. In this study we aimed to enhance the growth stimulating, proangiogenic and osteogenic features of the ADSC and HUVEC coculture system by means of VEGFA165 and BMP2 application. We were able to show that sprouting phenomena and osteogenic differentiation were enhanced in the ADSC/HUVEC coculture. Furthermore, apoptosis was unidirectionally decreased in HUVECs, but these effects were not further enhanced upon VEGFA165 or BMP2 application. In summary, the ADSC/HUVEC coculture system per se is a powerful tool for bone tissue engineering applications.

Biologic Agents for the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison G. Kartush ◽  
Jane K. Schumacher ◽  
Rachna Shah ◽  
Monica O. Patadia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Adjunct Treatment

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is a complex inflammatory disorder, which is often recalcitrant to medical and surgical management. Recently, biologic agents have been studied as an adjunct treatment for this patient population. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the role of biologic agents for chronic rhinosinusitis patients by reviewing literature and clinical trials. Methods A comprehensive review of literature and clinical trials—both recently completed and ongoing—was undertaken to examine up-to-date evidence of current biologic therapy and its role in chronic rhinosinusitis patients—including anti-IgE, anti-IL-4, anti-IL-5, anti-IL-13, and GATA-3 DNAzyme. Results Specific biologic agents discussed include omalizumab, reslizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, and Hgd40/SB010. Risks, side effects, and administration information are also reviewed. An algorithm for the use of biologics in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is proposed. Conclusion These treatments have promising results and may prove to be an important adjunct for patients with recalcitrant sinus disease.

Trust me, I'm a bot – repercussions of chatbot disclosure in different service frontline settings

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Mozafari ◽  
Welf H. Weiger ◽  
Maik Hammerschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Outcomes ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeChatbots are increasingly prevalent in the service frontline. Due to advancements in artificial intelligence, chatbots are often indistinguishable from humans. Regarding the question whether firms should disclose their chatbots' nonhuman identity or not, previous studies find negative consumer reactions to chatbot disclosure. By considering the role of trust and service-related context factors, this study explores how negative effects of chatbot disclosure for customer retention can be prevented.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents two experimental studies that examine the effect of disclosing the nonhuman identity of chatbots on customer retention. While the first study examines the effect of chatbot disclosure for different levels of service criticality, the second study considers different service outcomes. The authors employ analysis of covariance and mediation analysis to test their hypotheses.FindingsChatbot disclosure has a negative indirect effect on customer retention through mitigated trust for services with high criticality. In cases where a chatbot fails to handle the customer's service issue, disclosing the chatbot identity not only lacks negative impact but even elicits a positive effect on retention.Originality/valueThe authors provide evidence that customers will react differently to chatbot disclosure depending on the service frontline setting. They show that chatbot disclosure does not only have undesirable consequences as previous studies suspect but can lead to positive reactions as well. By doing so, the authors draw a more balanced picture on the consequences of chatbot disclosure.

scholarly journals The influence of temperature and arsenic molecular form at crystallization stage on the InAs nanostructure growth during droplet epitaxy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
N E Chernenko ◽  
S V Balakirev ◽  
M M Eremenko ◽  
M S Solodovnik
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Droplet Epitaxy ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Crystallization Stage ◽  
Self Organizing

Abstract In this work, experimental studies of the influence of the arsenic molecular form (di-or tetramers) and substrate temperature on the crystallization of In/GaAs droplet nanostructures during droplet epitaxy have been carried out. We have shown the critical influence of the temperature and arsenic molecular form on the reproducibility of the characteristics of an array of self-organizing InAs nanostructures during crystallization. We also showed that a decrease in the initial In droplet size has a positive effect on the reproducibility of the parameters of the InAs nanostructures arrays. Our work also showed important role of substrate temperature at the crystallization stage.

scholarly journals Natural Shifts in Endosymbionts' Occurrence and Relative Frequency in Their Ciliate Host Population

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas E. Flemming ◽  
Katrin Grosser ◽  
Martina Schrallhammer
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
Temporal Persistence ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Positive Effect

The role of bacterial endosymbionts harbored by heterotrophic Paramecium species is complex. Obligate intracellular bacteria supposedly always inflict costs as the host is the only possible provider of resources. However, several experimental studies have shown that paramecia carrying bacterial endosymbionts can benefit from their infection. Here, we address the question which endosymbionts occur in natural paramecia populations isolated from a small lake over a period of 5 years and which factors might explain observed shifts and persistence in the symbionts occurrence. One hundred and nineteen monoclonal strains were investigated and approximately two-third harbored intracellular bacteria. The majority of infected paramecia carried the obligate endosymbiotic “Candidatus Megaira polyxenophila”, followed by Caedimonas varicaedens, and Holospora undulata. The latter was only detected in a single strain. While “Ca. M. polyxenophila” was observed in seven out of 13 samplings, C. varicaedens presence was limited to a single sampling occasion. After the appearance of C. varicaedens, “Ca. M. polyxenophila” prevalence dramatically dropped with some delay but recovered to original levels at the end of our study. Potential mechanisms explaining these observations include differences in infectivity, host range, and impact on host fitness as well as host competitive capacities. Growth experiments revealed fitness advantages for infected paramecia harboring “Ca. M. polyxenophila” as well as C. varicaedens. Furthermore, we showed that cells carrying C. varicaedens gain a competitive advantage from the symbiosis-derived killer trait. Other characteristics like infectivity and overlapping host range were taken into consideration, but the observed temporal persistence of “Ca. M. polyxenophila” is most likely explained by the positive effect this symbiont provides to its host.

The Role of Information Technology in Learning

2005 ◽  
pp. 14-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klarissa T.T. Chang ◽  
John Lim
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Course Characteristics ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Role Of Information

This study provides an updated meta-analysis on the effects of information technology (IT) in education. Sixty-eight experimental studies conducted on the application of IT in the classrooms were integrated and analyzed. Positive effect sizes were found for learning outcomes, including academic achievement, knowledge retention, task performance, self-reported learning, and self-efficacy. Further analysis revealed the primary effects to be significantly moderated by several factors, categorized under learner and course characteristics. These findings have important implications for both research and practice.

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