scholarly journals The central nervous system and experimental diabetes mellitus

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
H. A. Shvyrkova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

After the publication of data on the detection of insulin in brain tissue, interest in studying the role of insulin in the central nervous system (CNS) and changes in the central nervous system in diabetes mellitus increased sharply. In patients with diabetes, a high frequency of mental disorders has been established. Complications of the nervous system in children whose mothers were pregnant with diabetes during pregnancy are described in literature. The role of insulin in the development and differentiation of neurons, potentiation of synaptic activity, the exchange of catecholamines, transcription of genes in nerve cells has been identified, which allows a better understanding of the mechanism of diabetic encephalopathy. This review analyzes the results of experimental studies of the central nervous system in diabetes.

scholarly journals The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Demyelination of the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9111
Author(s):  
José Antonio López-Guerrero ◽  
Inés Ripa ◽  
Sabina Andreu ◽  
Raquel Bello-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

It is being increasingly demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are deeply involved in the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS). Processes such as synaptic activity, neuron-glia communication, myelination and immune response are modulated by EVs. Likewise, these vesicles may participate in many pathological processes, both as triggers of disease or, on the contrary, as mechanisms of repair. EVs play relevant roles in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases, in viral infections of the CNS and in demyelinating pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS). This review describes the involvement of these membrane vesicles in major demyelinating diseases, including MS, neuromyelitis optica, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and demyelination associated to herpesviruses.

scholarly journals Notch1 control of oligodendrocyte differentiation in the spinal cord

2002 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Genoud ◽  
Corinna Lappe-Siefke ◽  
Sandra Goebbels ◽  
Freddy Radtke ◽  
Michel Aguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

We have selectively inhibited Notch1 signaling in oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) using the Cre/loxP system in transgenic mice to investigate the role of Notch1 in oligodendrocyte (OL) development and differentiation. Early development of OPCs appeared normal in the spinal cord. However, at embryonic day 17.5, premature OL differentiation was observed and ectopic immature OLs were present in the gray matter. At birth, OL apoptosis was strongly increased in Notch1 mutant animals. Premature OL differentiation was also observed in the cerebrum, indicating that Notch1 is required for the correct spatial and temporal regulation of OL differentiation in various regions of the central nervous system. These findings establish a widespread function of Notch1 in the late steps of mammalian OPC development in vivo.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of Neurospecific Proteins in the Diagnosis of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Gennad'evna Samoylova ◽  
Maria Vladimirovna Novoselova ◽  
Natalya Grigor'evna Zhukova ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Tonkikh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Neurospecific Proteins ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Background. Impairment of the central nervous system manifested as cognitive dysfunction caused by metabolic or structural changes is a severe progressive vascular complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Significant difficulties in the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction are associated with subjective diagnostic techniques. Objective. To identify the role of neurospecific markers in the diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction in patients with T1DM. Materials and Methods. A total of 58 patients with T1DM aged 16?30 years were included in this study. The control group included 29 healthy young adults matched by gender and age. The survey included clinical and laboratory examinations, psychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to screen for cognitive impairment. The levels of neurospecific proteins (S100, glial fibrillary acidic protein and myelin basic protein) were determined to identify early markers of cognitive impairment. MRI of the brain was performed using a Siemens Magnetom 1.0 T system to assess structural changes in the central nervous system. Results. The study revealed increased levels of all neurospecific proteins, which correlated with parameters of hyperglycaemia and cognitive deficit (MoCA scores of

Role of a nurse in the rehabilitation of children using ReviMotion hardware and software complex

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
T. Shirshova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Equipment Management ◽  
School Age ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system in school-age children occupy 1-2 places in the structure of functional abnormalities. Cognitive impairment without organic damage to the central nervous system is detected in 30-56% of healthy school children. Along with the increase in the incidence rate, the demand for rehabilitation systems, which allow patients to return to normal life as soon as possible and maintain the motivation for the rehabilitation process, is also growing. Adaptation of rehabilitation techniques, ease of equipment management, availability of specially trained personnel and availability of technical support for complexes becomes important.

The Role of Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY in the Development of Obesity via Gut-brain Axis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Hengxun He ◽  
Zhibin Cheng ◽  
Yueyu Bai ◽  
Xi Ma
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Obesity is one of the main challenges of public health in the 21st century. Obesity can induce a series of chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver, which seriously affect human health. Gut-brain axis, the two-direction pathway formed between enteric nervous system and central nervous system, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of obesity. Gastrointestinal signals are projected through the gut-brain axis to nervous system, and respond to various gastrointestinal stimulation. The central nervous system regulates visceral activity through the gut-brain axis. Brain-gut peptides have important regulatory roles in the gut-brain axis. The brain-gut peptides of the gastrointestinal system and the nervous system regulate the gastrointestinal movement, feeling, secretion, absorption and other complex functions through endocrine, neurosecretion and paracrine to secrete peptides. Both neuropeptide Y and peptide YY belong to the pancreatic polypeptide family and are important brain-gut peptides. Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY have functions that are closely related to appetite regulation and obesity formation. This review describes the role of the gutbrain axis in regulating appetite and maintaining energy balance, and the functions of brain-gut peptides neuropeptide Y and peptide YY in obesity. The relationship between NPY and PYY and the interaction between the NPY-PYY signaling with the gut microbiota are also described in this review.

The Yin and Yang of BK Channels in Epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudan Zhu ◽  
Shuzhang Zhang ◽  
Yijun Feng ◽  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Jiwei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Bk Channel ◽  
Potential Shape ◽  
Yin And Yang ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Action Potential Shape ◽  
Excitability Of Neurons

Background & Objective: The large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channel, extensively distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), is considered as a vital player in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, with evidence implicating derangement of K+ as well as regulating action potential shape and duration. However, unlike other channels implicated in epilepsy whose function in neurons could clearly be labeled “excitatory” or “inhibitory”, the unique physiological behavior of the BK channel allows it to both augment and decrease the excitability of neurons. Thus, the role of BK in epilepsy is controversial so far, and a growing area of intense investigation. Conclusion: Here, this review aims to highlight recent discoveries on the dichotomous role of BK channels in epilepsy, focusing on relevant BK-dependent pro- as well as antiepileptic pathways, and discuss the potential of BK specific modulators for the treatment of epilepsy.

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