scholarly journals The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Demyelination of the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9111
Author(s):  
José Antonio López-Guerrero ◽  
Inés Ripa ◽  
Sabina Andreu ◽  
Raquel Bello-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

It is being increasingly demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are deeply involved in the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS). Processes such as synaptic activity, neuron-glia communication, myelination and immune response are modulated by EVs. Likewise, these vesicles may participate in many pathological processes, both as triggers of disease or, on the contrary, as mechanisms of repair. EVs play relevant roles in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases, in viral infections of the CNS and in demyelinating pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS). This review describes the involvement of these membrane vesicles in major demyelinating diseases, including MS, neuromyelitis optica, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and demyelination associated to herpesviruses.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System: Physiology, Pathology, and Therapeutic Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadaly Gassama ◽  
Alexandre Favereaux
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Physiology ◽  
The Brain

Extracellular vesicles or EVs are secreted by most, if not all, eukaryote cell types and recaptured by neighboring or distant cells. Their cargo, composed of a vast diversity of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, supports the EVs’ inter-cellular communication. The role of EVs in many cellular processes is now well documented both in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we focus on the role of EVs in the central nervous system (CNS) in physiological as well as pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases or brain cancers. We also discuss the future of EVs in clinical research, in particular, their value as biomarkers as well as innovative therapeutic agents. While an increasing number of studies reveal EV research as a promising field, progress in the standardization of protocols and innovation in analysis as well as in research tools is needed to make a breakthrough in our understanding of their impact in the pathophysiology of the brain.

scholarly journals Living Proof of Activity of Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7294
Author(s):  
Shadi Mahjoum ◽  
David Rufino-Ramos ◽  
Luís Pereira de Almeida ◽  
Marike L. D. Broekman ◽  
Xandra O. Breakefield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Rna And Dna

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with highly specialized functions. For optimal functioning of the CNS, in disease and in health, intricate communication between these cells is vital. One important mechanism of cellular communication is the release and uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane enclosed particles actively released by cells, containing a wide array of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. These EVs can be taken up by neighboring or distant cells, and influence a wide range of processes. Due to the complexity and relative inaccessibility of the CNS, our current understanding of the role of EVs is mainly derived in vitro work. However, recently new methods and techniques have opened the ability to study the role of EVs in the CNS in vivo. In this review, we discuss the current developments in our understanding of the role of EVs in the CNS in vivo.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNAs Associated with Brain Disorders: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Abdolmaleki ◽  
Sevin Ferdowsi ◽  
Asadollah Asadi ◽  
Yassin Panahi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Context: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are neurological disorders characterized by the degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have examined interactions between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and functioning of the CNS in NDs. In this study, we summarized the role of different lncRNAs in most NDs. Methods: In this study, different papers published between years 2003 and 2020 were reviewed. Results: LncRNAs can play a significant role in the development of brain disorders. Conclusions: The dysregulation of lncRNAs has been shown to affect NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD). In this review, we compiled recent findings related to the main lncRNAs associated with brain disorders.

scholarly journals The central nervous system and experimental diabetes mellitus

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
H. A. Shvyrkova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System

After the publication of data on the detection of insulin in brain tissue, interest in studying the role of insulin in the central nervous system (CNS) and changes in the central nervous system in diabetes mellitus increased sharply. In patients with diabetes, a high frequency of mental disorders has been established. Complications of the nervous system in children whose mothers were pregnant with diabetes during pregnancy are described in literature. The role of insulin in the development and differentiation of neurons, potentiation of synaptic activity, the exchange of catecholamines, transcription of genes in nerve cells has been identified, which allows a better understanding of the mechanism of diabetic encephalopathy. This review analyzes the results of experimental studies of the central nervous system in diabetes.

scholarly journals The Dichotomous Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System

iScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 101456
Author(s):  
David R. Graykowski ◽  
Yi-Zhi Wang ◽  
Arun Upadhyay ◽  
Jeffrey N. Savas
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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