scholarly journals Mowing and lowering the marandu palisadegrass sward height at late winter improve the sward structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Henrique Cesar Rodrigues Nogueira ◽  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Flávia de Oliveira Scarpino Van Cleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The structure of the sward is important because it influences the responses of plants and animals in grazing conditions. The objective with this work was to evaluate the structural characteristics of the Marandu palisade grass pasture (Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha) during spring and summer, depending on the condition of the sward at the end of winter. Four grazing conditions at the end of winter were evaluated: short (24.1 cm), short (25.2 cm)/mown (8 cm), tall (49.0 cm) and tall (50.0 cm)/mown (8 cm). The foliar area index was lower in the tall pasture than in the tall/mown pasture. The mass and the volumetric density of dead stem were higher in the tall pasture, intermediate in the short pasture, and lower in mowed pastures. At the beginning of the grazing period, the live stem mass was higher in the tall pasture. At the beginning and middle of the grazing period, the volumetric density of dead leaf lamina was lower in mowed pastures. At the beginning of the pasture period, the short pasture had a higher tiller number (TN). In the middle of the grazing period, the short and short/mown pastures had higher TN. At the end of the pasture period, the lowest TN value occurred in the tall pasture. The tall pasture at the end of winter presents an unfavorable structure to the animal in grazing, while the mowing and reduction in the height of the marandu palisade grass improves the structure of the sward in spring and summer.

scholarly journals How does the sward condition in late winter influence the Marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) structure during spring and summer?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Manoel E.R. Santos ◽  
Bruno H.R. Carvalho ◽  
Flávia O.S. Van Cleef ◽  
Gabriel O. Rocha ◽  
Henrique C.R. Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Favorable Structure ◽  
Animal Consumption

Height and mowing of a sward in late winter can change its structure during the subsequent spring and summer seasons, which influences plant growth and animal performance. This work was conducted to evaluate the structural characteristics of Urochloa brizantha (syn. Brachiaria brizantha) cv. Marandu (marandu palisadegrass) during spring and summer in relation to the following sward conditions in late winter: short (15 cm), medium (23 cm), tall (31 cm) and tall (31 cm)/mowed to 8 cm. Stages of the grazing period (beginning, middle and end) in spring and summer were considered measures repeated over time. Leaf area index was lower in the tall pasture than in the other pastures and was lower at the beginning than at the end of the grazing period. Dead material mass was highest in the tall pasture, intermediate in the short and medium pastures and lowest in the tall/mowed pasture. Live stem mass was higher at the end than at the beginning and middle of the grazing period of the short, medium and tall/mowed pastures, contrary to that observed in the tall sward. At the end of the grazing period, tiller number did not vary among pastures. The tall pasture in late winter presents a limiting structure to animal consumption. Short and tall/mowed pastures in late winter show a favorable structure for forage plant growth and, probably, animal performance.

scholarly journals Structure of piatã palisadegrass deferred for two periods and fertilised with nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Hélio Henrique Vilela ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Volumetric Density ◽  
N Dose ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Preliminary Recommendation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The deferred pasture structure determines the consumption and performance of grazing animals and, in addition, can be influenced by the duration of the deferment period and nitrogen (N) fertilisation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the structural characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã (piatã palisadegrass) deferred for two periods (79 and 127 days) and with four N doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design involved complete randomised blocks and a subdivided plot scheme, with three replications. The 127-day period of deferment resulted in a higher forage mass, falling index, stem percentage and density, but a lower number of tillers, percentage and volumetric density of live leaf blade. The N dose increment, in general, worsened the structural characteristics of the piatã palisadegrass deferred for 127 days. However, with the 79-day period, the N fertilisation increased the volumetric density of live leaf blades and reduced the stem percentage in the forage mass. As a preliminary recommendation, piatã palisadegrass can be deferred for 79 days and fertilised with up to 90 kg ha-1 of N in the region of Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, Brazil.

scholarly journals Number and morphology of tiller age groups during summer in Marandu palisadegrass pastures previously used under deferred grazing

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Angélica Nunes de Carvalho ◽  
Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Flávia de Oliveira Scarpino Van Cleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Relative Contribution

The relative contribution of young, mature and old tillers in the canopy influences the production and structure of the pasture. The objective with this work was to evaluate the balance between tiller appearance and tiller death (BAL) during spring and early summer, the morphology and percentages of young, mature and old tillers in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisadegrass) with three conditions in late winter: short (24.1 cm), tall (49.0 cm) and tall (50.0 cm)/mown (8 cm). Tall and tall/mown pastures presented higher BAL in September and October, respectively. In January, BAL was higher in short and tall/mown pastures than in tall pasture. The tiller number was higher in short pasture, intermediate in tall/mown pasture and lower in tall pasture. The percentage of old tillers was higher in short and tall pastures compared to tall/mown pasture. The percentage of live leaf lamina reduced, while the percentage of dead leaf lamina increased with tiller age. Mowing of the tall marandu palisadegrass pasture in late winter increases the renewal of tillers in the spring and decreases the percentage of old tillers in the summer. The old tillers present worse morphology than young tillers.

Puccinia levis var. brachiariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia levis var. brachiariae comb. nov., which causes small lesions on young stems and leaf lamina of the host plant and, where present in quantity, could significantly reduce vigour. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Malawi, Uganda, Zambia and Brazil) and hosts (Brachiaria brizantha [Urochloa brizantha], B. decumbens [Urochloa decumbens], B. humidicola [Urochloa humidicola] and an unnamed Brachiaria sp.).

scholarly journals Cassava wastewater as organic fertilizer in ‘Marandu’ grass pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio G. S. Bezerra ◽  
Gualter G. C. da Silva ◽  
Gelson dos S. Difante ◽  
João V. Emerenciano Neto ◽  
Ermelinda M. M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Cassava Wastewater

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the use of wastewater from the cassava processing as organic fertilizer on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’. The treatments were wastewater doses (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 m3 ha-1), in a randomized block design with four replicates. The structural characteristics and morphological composition of the pastures were evaluated, from July 2013 to January 2014. The addition of wastewater promoted a positive linear increase in the three cuts for the canopy height, light interception and leaf area index. The maximum dry matter (DM) production was obtained with 120 m3 ha-1 of wastewater (2796 kg ha-1 of DM in the second cut). The mass of senescent material in the second and third cuts fitted to positive linear equation. The increase in wastewater doses promoted the reduction of undesirable plants. The recommended dose of residual water in pastures of ‘Marandu’ grass is 120 m3 ha-1, which promotes a higher mass of forage and lower of undesirable plants.

scholarly journals Initial height and nitrogen fertilisation on deferred pastures of marandu palisadegrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Henrique Cesar Rodrigues Nogueira ◽  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Angélica Nunes de Carvalho ◽  
Kathleen Alves Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
The Masses ◽  
N Rates

In deferred pastures, nitrogen fertilisation and pasture height at the beginning of the deferment period modify the structure and nutritive value of forage. This work was conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) doses and sward heights that were adequate for the deferment of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisadegrass). Two sward heights (15 and 30 cm) and four N rates (0, 40, 80,120 kg/ha) at the beginning of the deferment period were evaluated in a randomised block design and a factorial scheme with three replications. At the end of the deferment period, the numbers of live and dead tillers, the numbers of tillers with different sizes, the masses of live leaf lamina, dead leaf lamina, live stem and dead stem, the litter mass and the crude protein and neutral detergent fibre contents of the forage were evaluated. With nitrogen fertilisation, there was an increase in the masses of live leaf and live stem in the deferred canopy. With the application of 80 kg/ha of N, the litter mass was higher in the deferred canopy with a height of 30 cm, in relation to that with a height of 15 cm. The highest canopy presented greater stem mass and worse nutritional value when compared to the lowest one. In order to improve forage characteristics, marandu palisadegrass can be deferred by 15 cm and fertilised with 80 kg/ha N. When marandu palisade grass is deferred to 30 cm, nitrogen doses lower than 80 kg/ha can be applied.

Seasonal alteration in sward height of Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha) pastures managed by continuous grazing interferes with forage production

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleize Terra ◽  
Flávia Maria de Andrade Gimenes ◽  
Alessandra Aparecida Giacomini ◽  
Luciana Gerdes ◽  
Marisa Xavier Manço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
The Stability

Changes in sward height of pastures managed by continuous grazing according to climatic seasonality may alter tillering and forage production. In order to evaluate the feasibility of seasonal alteration in sward height of Marandu palisade grass pastures (Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.D. Webster; syn. Urochloa brizantha (A.Rich.) Stapf) under continuous grazing management, we studied two constant sward heights (15 cm and 30 cm), and one height that was initiated at 30 cm, reduced to 15 cm in June (dry and cold season) and returned to 30 cm in December (wet and hot season) (30–15–30 cm). Pastures managed at 30–15–30 cm had a greater tiller appearance rate (22 tillers/100 tillers.30 days) than those maintained at 15 cm and 30 cm (16 and 17 tillers/100 tillers.30 days, respectively). In the 30–15–30 cm pastures, a lower accumulation rate of dead material was observed during the dry and cold season (June–August), which resulted in a higher leaf and lower dead material accumulation rate during the second growth season (wet and hot season, December–January). Planned reduction in sward height during the cold season can be used safely because it permits better seasonal distribution and utilisation of forage production without compromising the stability of Marandu palisade grass pastures.

scholarly journals Effect of post-grazing residual leaf blade-length on the regrowth vigor of Piatã grass grazed under intermittent stocking

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Wagner Soares da Costa Junior ◽  
Emerson Alexandrino ◽  
Joaquim José de Paula Neto ◽  
José Messias de Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Peak Value

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of post-grazing residual leaf blades (RLB) of different lengths on the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Urochloa brizantha ‘Piatã’ grazed upon by beef cattle. A completely randomized design was used, with three RLB lengths (2, 4, and 6 cm) and two paddocks as replicates over two grazing seasons (wet and wet-dry transition). To monitor the weekly forage growth, two representative clumps and 48 tillers per treatment were marked after grazing. The procedure continued until the plants reached the target pre-grazing height of 35–40 cm. Morphogenic characteristics were not affected by the treatments or seasons, with minor changes observed in mean sheath length (MSL) within season and tiller population density (TPD). The MSL reached its peak value of 210.37 mm during the wet season relative to 175.89 mm during the wet-dry transition. The TPD reached its lowest value (680 tillers m-2) at the highest defoliation intensity (2 cm) relative to that at the lowest defoliation intensity (720 tillers m-2). The different RLB lengths modified canopy height variably; canopy height was the highest with the 6 cm leaves (24.31 cm), but did not vary between the 2 cm and 4 cm leaves. The post-grazing leaf area index and interception of photosynthetically active radiation were modified by season. The highest defoliation intensity (2 cm) increased the rest period by seven days when compared with the lowest defoliation intensity (6 cm).

scholarly journals Sheep production during the rainy season in marandu palisadegrass swards previously utilized under deferred grazing

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-562
Author(s):  
D.O.C. Sousa ◽  
M.E.R. Santos ◽  
D.M. Fonseca ◽  
G.L. Macedo Junior ◽  
S.P. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Simulated Grazing ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Dead Tissue ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (Marandu palisadegrass) in late winter on pasture structure, apparent selectivity, and sheep production during spring and early summer. The conditions of deferred pastures at the end of winter were: low (15.1cm and 4600kg/ha of DM), medium (23.2cm and 5940kg/ha of DM), high (31.4cm and 7640kg/ha of DM) and high/mowed (31.3cm and 7200kg/ha of DM, mowed to 8cm). The experiment was conducted in split plot design (sward conditions at the end of winter: low, medium, tall and tall/lowered) during time (early, middle and late spring/summer) and completely randomized design with three replications. The percentages of live leaf laminae in available forage and in simulated grazing samples were higher in tall/lowered sward and lower in high sward, oppositely to percentage of dead tissue. Only at the beginning of the grazing period the high/lowered sward had lower forage mass and bulk density. This remained high in high sward during all the grazing period. The sheep performance and the animal production per area were higher in low sward and lower in tall swards. The low sward has better structure and higher sheep production starting at spring. The lower of the marandu palisade grass at late winter improves this structure and increases sheep production during spring and early summer.

scholarly journals Marandu palisade grass management strategies at the beginning of the deferment period and effects on tillering

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1617
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Amanda Bortoleto Ávila ◽  
Angélica Nunes de Carvalho ◽  
Gabriel De Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Flavia De Oliveira Scarpino Van Cleef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Tiller Mortality

Pasture mowing at the beginning of deferment stimulates tillering and can be used in different ways. The aim of this study was to understand how the mowing of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisade grass) prior to the deferment period modifies tillering activity and the characteristics of young, mature, and old tillers. Three mowing strategies were evaluated: canopies kept at a height of 15 cm for five months before deferment (15/15 cm); canopies kept at 30 cm (30/15 cm) or 45 cm (45/15 cm) for five months before deferment and posteriorly cut to 15 cm at the start of the deferment period. The structural characteristics of young, mature, and old tillers of marandu palisade grass were compared only at the end of the deferment period. The tiller appearance rate was greater before (16.0%) than during (6.4%) the deferment period, but a contrasting response pattern was observed for the tiller mortality rate. The defoliation strategies that resulted in greater numbers of tillers in the canopies were 30/15 cm (2,098 tillers m-²) and 45/15 cm (2,160 tillers m-2). The defoliation strategy that generated the greatest percentage of young tillers in the canopy was 45/15 cm (26.1%), while the percentage of old tillers was greater in the canopies submitted to the 15/15 cm (64.1%) and 30/15 cm (61.5%) strategies. Weight and percentage of live stems of mature and old tillers were greater in relation to young tillers. The percentage of live leaves was grater in young tillers (52.6%), intermediate in mature tillers (41.4%), and lower in old tillers (21.3%). Regarding the percentage of dead leaves, the opposite trend was observed, where the percentage was greater in the old than in young tillers. Leaf area was greater in mature tillers (55.3 cm²) than in old tillers (29.2 cm²). Mowing of the marandu palisade grass to 15 cm at the beginning of the deferment period increases the number of young tillers, which have a more favorable morphological composition than mature and old tillers.

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