Effect of post-grazing residual leaf blade-length on the regrowth vigor of Piatã grass grazed under intermittent stocking

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of post-grazing residual leaf blades (RLB) of different lengths on the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Urochloa brizantha ‘Piatã’ grazed upon by beef cattle. A completely randomized design was used, with three RLB lengths (2, 4, and 6 cm) and two paddocks as replicates over two grazing seasons (wet and wet-dry transition). To monitor the weekly forage growth, two representative clumps and 48 tillers per treatment were marked after grazing. The procedure continued until the plants reached the target pre-grazing height of 35–40 cm. Morphogenic characteristics were not affected by the treatments or seasons, with minor changes observed in mean sheath length (MSL) within season and tiller population density (TPD). The MSL reached its peak value of 210.37 mm during the wet season relative to 175.89 mm during the wet-dry transition. The TPD reached its lowest value (680 tillers m-2) at the highest defoliation intensity (2 cm) relative to that at the lowest defoliation intensity (720 tillers m-2). The different RLB lengths modified canopy height variably; canopy height was the highest with the 6 cm leaves (24.31 cm), but did not vary between the 2 cm and 4 cm leaves. The post-grazing leaf area index and interception of photosynthetically active radiation were modified by season. The highest defoliation intensity (2 cm) increased the rest period by seven days when compared with the lowest defoliation intensity (6 cm).

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Fixed versus variable rest period effects on herbage accumulation and canopy structure of grazed 'Tifton 85' and 'Jiggs' Bermuda grass

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000100013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira ◽

Valdson José da Silva ◽

Murilo Saraiva Guimarães ◽

Diego Noleto Luz Pequeno ◽

Felipe Tonato

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Total Yield ◽

Canopy Structure ◽

Rest Period ◽

Canopy Height ◽

Bermuda Grass ◽

Production Plant ◽

Forage Production ◽

Area Index ◽

Rest Periods

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of variable and fixed rest periods on the forage production, plant-part composition, and canopy structural characteristics of 'Tifton 85' and 'Jiggs' Bermuda grass (Cynodon spp.) pastures under rotational stocking. The treatments were two grass cultivars (Jiggs and Tifton 85) and two rest periods (grazing starting whenever the canopy reached 25 cm or every 28 days, regardless of canopy height). A completely randomized experimental design, with a 2×2 factorial arrangement (two grass cultivars and two managements), was used with three replicates. The experiment was carried out during the summer growing season in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Pre- and post-grazing forage mass chacteristics were evaluated. 'Jiggs' and 'Tifton 85' canopies had similar light interception (96.8%) at pre-grazing, for fixed and variable rest periods; however, they showed different canopy structural characteristics. 'Jiggs' had greater stem proportion, greater canopy height during pre-grazing, and lower leaf area index. There were no differences between strategies and between grass cultivars for total yield, which averaged 16.8 Mg DM ha-1. Fixed and variable rest periods can be used for 'Tifton 85' and 'Jiggs' Bermuda grass.

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Biomass components of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo managed at different growth ages and seasons

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402018000100002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 11-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Theyson Duarte MARANHÃO ◽

Magno José Duarte CÂNDIDO ◽

Marcos Neves LOPES ◽

Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco POMPEU ◽

Maria Socorro de Souza CARNEIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Response ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Maximum Point ◽

Area Index ◽

Average Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dead Material ◽

Biomass Components ◽

Dry Seasons

SUMMARY This study was carried out aiming to evaluate the biomass components of elephant grass cv. Roxo at seven growth ages, during rainy, transition and dry seasons. A completely randomized design was adopted with a split plot arrangement over time. The treatments consisted of seven growth ages (9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54 and 63) and three seasons (rainy, transition and dry). The variables green forage biomass, dead forage biomass, green stem biomass and green leaf blade biomass showed positive linear responses to age and had their magnitude influenced by the evaluated seasons. The live/dead material ratio showed a decreasing linear response as a function of age. The leaf blade/stem ratio showed a negative linear adjustment in the rainy season, reaching a critical value of 1.0 at 59 days, and it showed a quadratic adjustment in the transition season, with the maximum point at 27.53 days; however, this ratio was not influenced by age in the dry season, revealing an average value of 2.22 ± 0.27. The canopy height and leaf area index showed a positive linear response to age in the three seasons. Tiller population density showed quadratic behaviour for age, with maximum estimated values of 134 and 110 til. m-2 at 31.24 and 37.40 days in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Rainfall seasonality influences the magnitude of the daily increase of the distinct biomass components of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo.

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Productivity of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ influenced by strategic rest periods and nitrogen levels

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p3203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 3203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luan Fernandes Rodrigues ◽

Antônio Clementino dos Santos ◽

Otacílio Silveira Junior ◽

José Geraldo Donizetti dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Linear Relationship ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rest Period ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Area Index ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Rest Periods ◽

Quadratic Relationship ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

The effects of two strategic rest periods and associated nitrogen levels on the agronomic and productive characteristics of Urochloa brizantha ‘Marandu’ were evaluated. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized 4 × 2 split-plot design, with four blocks. The treatments consisted of associations between two rest periods and four nitrogen levels. The rest periods included one at the end of 28 days (RP28days) and another when the canopy height was 40 cm (RP40cm) and nitrogen levels of 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg N ha-1 year-1 was applied as ammonium sulfate. The following variables were evaluated: rest period (RP) per cycle, total dry matter (TDM), dry matter (kg ha-1) and proportion (%) of leaf blade (LB), stem, and senescent material (SM), tiller mass, forage density, leaf area index, height, leaf:stem ratio, and crop growth rate (CGR). The variables height, TDM, LB dry matter, stem dry matter, CGR, and forage density exhibited a linear relationship with RP28days and a quadratic relationship with RP40cm with increasing N levels. The proportions of LB and stem had linear relationships with N levels for RP28days and RP40cm. The leaf:stem ratio was affected by increasing N levels and it fit the quadratic model for both rest strategies. The SM proportion had a quadratic relationship only with RP28days. The tiller mass had a linear relationship with RP28days, whereas SM dry matter showed a linear relationship for RP40cm. The use of the RP40cm reduced the period needed to begin a new grazing cycle. The level of 450 kg N ha-1 is recommended for RP28days and levels between 380 to 400 kg N ha-1 provided better results for RP40cm.

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AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF BANANA PLANTS IN THREE PRODUCTION CYCLES IN SOUTHWESTERN STATE OF BAHIA

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452017990 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ALESSANDRO DE MAGALHÃES ARANTES ◽

SÉRGIO LUIZ RODRIGUES DONATO ◽

TÂNIA SANTOS SILVA ◽

VAGNER ALVES RODRIGUES FILHO ◽

EDSON PERITO AMORIM

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Area Index ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Agronomic Evaluation ◽

Production Cycles ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Southwestern State ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT This assay was conducted in the experimental area of the Federal Institute of Bahia, Campus Guanambi, BA, and aimed to evaluate agronomic traits of Prata, Cavendish, Gros Michel and Maçã banana cultivars three production cycles. The 72 treatments, 24 cultivars and three production cycles were arranged in a split plot scheme in time, in a completely randomized design with five replications and four plants per plot. Plots were arranged in 24 cultivars, Prata-Anã, Maravilha, FHIA-18, FHIA-18 BRS, BRS Platina, JV42-135, Pacovan, Japira, PV79-34, Pacovan-Ken, Preciosa, Guarantida, Maçã, Caipira, BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa, YB42-03, YB42-07, YB42-47, Grande-Naine, Calypso, Buccaneiro, FHIA-23 and FHIA-17; and subplots consisted of three production cycles. Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance. The average of the cultivars were grouped by Scott-Knott criterion (p<0.05) and production cycles compared by Tukey test (p<0.05). ‘JV42-235’, ‘Japira’ and ‘Pacovan-Ken’ cultivars had larger size and ‘Grande Naine’ had smaller size. ‘Prata-Anã’ cultivar had higher number of leaves at harvest, with leaf area index similar to the others. ‘BRS Platina’ cultivar is earlier at flowering and harvest. ‘Maravilha’, ‘BRS Platina’, ‘FHIA-23’, ‘BRS Tropical and BRS Princesa’ cultivars presented greater potential for use by farmers.

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Phosphorus fertilization in the implantation of a silvopastoral system: morphogenic and structural characteristics of Mombaça grass

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402122012021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Thais Valéria Souza Silva PACHECO ◽

Luciano Fernandes SOUSA ◽

Antônio Clementino dos SANTOS ◽

José Geraldo Donizetti dos SANTOS ◽

Valdinéia Patrícia DIM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Rest Period ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Silvopastoral System ◽

Area Index ◽

Crop Growth Rate ◽

Cultivation Systems

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on morphogenic and structural characteristics of Mombasa grass under conditions of implantation of silvopastoral system with eucalyptus and monoculture in the Amazon/Cerrado ecotone. The experiment was conducted at UFT-EMVZ during the rainy seasons of the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 agricultural years. The experimental area was subdivided into two cultivation systems, Mombaça grass monoculture, with 0.25 hectare and silvopastoral system, intercropping eucalyptus with Mombaça grass, with 0.75 hectare area. The design used was a 4 x 2 factorial IHD with four doses of phosphorus (0; 50; 100; 200 kg.ha -1 P2O5 year-1) and two cultivation systems (monoculture and silvopastoral) with three repetitions. Three cycles were evaluated for an average rest period of 21 days. Weekly measurements were taken to evaluate structural and morphogenic characteristics of plants. In general, factors tested such as phosphorus fertilization, cultivation system and year (implantation and following year) showed influence, altering the development of Mombaça grass, reflecting on the morphogenic and structural characteristics. Tiller population density, crop growth rate, leaf area index showed interactions between phosphorus fertilization and the cultivation systems analyzed (P <0.05). Phosphorus fertilization used in the implantation, moment of greatest requirement of the plant, influenced forage development by increasing the crop growth rate, leaf appearance, as well as leaf and stem elongation in the two evaluated systems.

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Physiological response of marandu grass seeds exposed to NPK fertilizer

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20180084 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Luciane da Cunha Codognoto ◽

Thassiane Telles Conde ◽

Kátia Luciene Maltoni ◽

Glaucia Amorim Faria ◽

André Rodrigues dos Reis

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Seed Mixture ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

ABSTRACT: To facilitate seeding process of forage species, a common practice is to mix seeds with fertilizers in monocropping and intercropping or in implementing integrated livestock production systems. However, in prolonged periods of contact, the fertilizer’s salinity and acidity negatively affect the seeds’ physiological quality. Therefore, this study intends to verify the effect of ten periods (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours) of exposure to granular NPK fertilizer 04-30-16 on the vigor and germination of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replication. The fertilizer and seed mixture registered a negative effect on seed moisture content, electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed index, and seedling and radicle length as the period of exposure to the fertilizer increased from 3 to 120 hours.

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Morphogenesis and biomass production of 'BRS Tamani' guinea grass under increasing nitrogen doses

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Elayne Cristina Gadelha Vasconcelos ◽

Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽

Roberto Cláudio Fernandes Franco Pompeu ◽

Ana Clara Rodrigues Cavalcante ◽

Marcos Neves Lopes

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Block Design ◽

Rest Period ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Leaf Life Span ◽

Dose Equivalent ◽

Area Index ◽

Guinea Grass ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus 'BRS Tamani', subjected to increasing nitrogen doses, as well as the components of its biomass. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 300, 600, and 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year) and three replicates, in 12 experimental units of 12.5 m² each. The evaluations were performed in the rest period of the pasture, after defoliation to a residual leaf area index of 1.0, until the pasture reached the number 3.0 of new leaves produced per tiller. Leaf and stem elongation rates increased with the increment in N doses up to 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year. There was a decreasing linear response for phyllochron and leaf life span. Increases of 704% were observed for the harvestable green leaf biomass, at the dose equivalent to 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year. The biomasses of dead forage and harvestable stem were not affected by the N doses. Nitrogen fertilization shows a positive effect on the morphogenic, structural, and productive characteristics of 'BRS Tamani' guinea grass up to the dose equivalent to 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year.

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INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CORN SUBJECTED TO INCREASING NITROGEN DOSES

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v8i1.5226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e5226

Author(s):

Dhiego César Oliveira Riva Neto ◽

Leonardo Rodrigues Barros ◽

Vinicius Silva Sousa ◽

Eliana Paula Fernandes Brasil ◽

Adriana Aparecida Ribon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Economic Value ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Agronomic Efficiency ◽

Area Index ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Almost All

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals grown and consumed in the world not only for its economic value but also due to its importance in human and animal nutrition. This study aimed to assess the initial development of corn as a function of increasing nitrogen doses. The study was carried out in a greenhouse on the Sipal Farm, Confresa, MT, Brazil. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg N dm−3 soil), with four replications, conducted from April to June 2020. Four seeds of the hybrid K 9606 VIP 3 were sown per 8-L polyethylene pot. The plants were thinned at 7 days after emergence (DAE), leaving only one plant per pot. Morphological components were assessed. A significant effect was found for almost all the analyzed parameters, except for stem diameter and root dry matter. The maximum plant height, shoot fresh matter, leaf area index, shoot dry matter, root fresh matter, and root volume was obtained by applying the maximum agronomic efficiency doses of 248.83, 271.90, 336.91, 279.66, 403.92, and 272.90 mg N dm−3 soil, respectively. Nitrogen doses influenced the initial development of the corn crop.

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Fitorremediation of contaminated soil with 2,4-D + picloram in Eastern Amazonia

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. e59110414372

Author(s):

Jéssica Paloma Pinheiro da Silva ◽

Sandra Andréa Santos da Silva ◽

Douglas Pereira Ferreira ◽

Samia Cristina de Lima Lisboa ◽

Rainerio Meireles da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Second Stage ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Urochloa Brizantha ◽

Two Stages

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa in phytoremediation of soil treated with 2,4-D + picloram herbicide, using Raphanus sativus Crimson Gigante as a bioindicator plant. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design in two stages. In the first stage the treatments were: cultivation of U. brizantha and P. maximum treated with and without the herbicide dose, with five replications. In the second stage, the treatments consisted of cultivating R. sativus in soil: free of herbicide residue; and soil contaminated with cultivation: prior to U. brizantha; P. maximum; and without previous cultivation of grass, with five replications. The units were treated with the herbicide, individually in pre-emergence, after 15 days the grasses were sown. After 50 days, forages were harvested and segregated in aerial and root parts, analyzing fresh and dry biomass (g) and height (cm). After removing phytoremediation plants, R. sativus was transplanted, evaluating visual phytotoxicity at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after emergence (DAE) and at 20 DAE, the accumulation of green and dry matter (g), height (cm). The evaluated grasses have phytoremediation characteristics for auxinic herbicides; R. sativus can be used as a bioindicator of the herbicide 2,4-D + picloram; the evaluated period was not enough to fully remove the effects of the herbicide.

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PEMBERIAN PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI BIOMASA PADA BEBERAPA VARIETAS JAGUNG HIBRIDA (Zea Mays)

Jambura Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.35900/jjas.v1i1.2601 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

I wayan Ari Widiantara

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Plant Height ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Water Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Interaction Factor ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Corn Hybrid

This research was aimed to determine the effect of beef fertilizer on growth and biomass production in some corn hybrid varieties (Zea mays). This research used completely randomized design factorial 6 x 4 with four replications. The first factor is the corn hybrid varieties were V1 (Bisi-2), V2 (Bisi-16), V3 (Bisi-222), V4 (Nk-212), V5 (Pertiwi-2), V6 (Pacific-224), and the second factor was the level of beef fertilizer were P0 (0 ton/ha), P1 (20 ton/ha), P2 (30 tons/ha), P3 (40 tons/ha). The parameters measured were growth of plant height, the fresh water production and leaf blade percentage of corn hybrid varieties. The results showed that the variety and level of treatment of fertilizer was highly significant effected (P0,01) to the plant high, the fresh water production and leaf blade percentage corn hybrid varieties. Interaction factor were significant effected (P0.05) to the fresh water production, whereas in the growth of plant high and leaf blade percentage did not effected (P0.05). Each treatment was getting the best results in plant height at V2P3 (224 cm), fresh water production at V4P3 (5234 g/plot) and leaf blade percentage at V4P2 (35.35%).

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