scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of AgNO3-activated carbon composite on Escherichia coli: inhibition action

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nkwaju Yanou Rachel ◽  
Baçaoui Abdelaziz ◽  
Ndi Julius Nsami ◽  
Kouotou Daouda ◽  
Yaacoubi Abdelrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Methylene Blue Number

AgNO3- activated carbon composite based palm kernel shell was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization. The concentration of AgNO3, activation temperature and impregnation time were investigated on five responses (iodine number, methylene blue number, BET surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume). The most influential parameters of the preparation process were optimized using the Doehlert optimal design. From the ANOVA, the following optimal conditions of preparation were retained: 0.068 mol/L, 210°C and 3.7 h for AgNO3 concentration, activation temperature and impregnation time respectively. The activated carbon (AC) and the composite (AC-AgNO3) were characterized using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and measurements of the surface area. The XRD pattern and SEM-EDX clearly confirmed the presence of silver in the composite. The experimental parameters of AC- AgNO3 composite were as followed: 708.44 mg/g; 293.09 mg/g; 713.0 m2/g; 0.49 cm3/g and 0.76 cm3/g, for iodine number, methylene blue number, BET surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume of AC- AgNO3 respectively. The antibacterial test carried on Escherichia Coli showed that AC-AgNO3 composite has a high-improved antibacterial property of 99.99% fixation with a dosage of 1500 ppm for 5 hours of contact time.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Nanwei Chen ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bio Oil

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm3·g−1, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm3·g−1. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet onto Micro-Mesoporous Zr3O/Activated Carbon Composite: A Joint Experimental and Statistical Modeling Considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ait Ahsaine ◽  
Z. Anfar ◽  
M. Zbair ◽  
M. Ezahri ◽  
N. El Alem
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Zirconium oxide/activated carbon (Zr3O/AC) composite was synthesized to remove methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from the aqueous medium. The Zr3O/AC sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analyses (EDS), Raman spectroscopy (RS), BET surface area, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD profiles confirmed the successful synthesis of the zirconium oxide/activated carbon composite. SEM images showed multideveloped walls with irregular particle size with channel arrays. The nitrogen physisorption combines I and IV types with a calculated BET surface area of 1095 m2/g. Raman spectrum illustrated a disorder of both crystalline structure and the graphitic structure. The adsorption was better fitted to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. Langmuir model fitted better the experimental results of MB adsorption, whereas the CV was better consistent with the Freundlich model. The obtained results suggested that the MB and CV adsorption might be influenced by the mass transfer that involves multiple diffusion steps. The maximum adsorption capacities are 208.33 and 204.12 mg/g for MB and CV, respectively. The MB and CV removal mechanisms were proposed, and statistical optimization was performed using central composite design combined with the response surface methodology.

scholarly journals Superheated water pretreatment combined with CO2 activation/regeneration of the exhausted activated carbon used in the treatment of industrial wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1687-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xiao ◽  
Bailie Yu ◽  
Qifan Zhong ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Zhen Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Co2 Activation ◽  
Superheated Water ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Water Pretreatment

This paper examines a novel method of regenerating saturated activated carbon after adsorption of complex phenolic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with low energy consumption by using superheated water pretreatment combined with CO2 activation. The effects of the temperature of the superheated water, liquid–solid ratio, soaking time, activation temperature, activation time, and CO2 flow rate of regeneration and adsorption of coal-powdered activated carbon (CPAC) were studied. The results show that the adsorption capacity of iodine values on CPAC recovers to 102.25% of the fresh activated carbon, and the recovery rate is 79.8% under optimal experimental conditions. The adsorption model and adsorption kinetics of methylene blue on regenerated activated carbon (RAC) showed that the adsorption process was in accordance with the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Furthermore, the internal diffusion process was the main controlling step. The surface properties, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and pore size distribution were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and BET, which show that the RAC possesses more oxygen-containing functional groups with a specific surface area of 763.39 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.3039 cm3 g−1. Micropores account for 79.8% and mesopores account for 20.2%.

Preparation and TG/DTG, FT-IR, SEM, BET Surface Area, Iodine Number and Methylene Blue Number Analysis of Activated Carbon from Pistachio Shells by Chemical Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kaya ◽  
Ömer Şahin ◽  
Cafer Saka
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Pistachio Shell

AbstractIn this study, low cost activated carbon was prepared from the pistachio shell by chemical activation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The prepared activated carbon was characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analyses. Results showed that the activation temperature and impregnation ratio have significant effect on the iodine number of the prepared activated carbon. The optimum conditions for preparing the activated carbon having the highest surface area were found to be an activation temperature of 700 °C, soaking time of 24 h and ZnCl2/ pistachio shell ratio of 50 %. The results showed that the BET surface area, total pore volume, iodine number and methylene blue (MB) number of activated carbon prepared under the optimum conditions were 1108 m2/g, 0.39 cm3/g, 1051 mg/g, 98.48 mg/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Ferromagnetic activated carbon from cassava (Manihot dulcis) peels activated by iron(III) chloride: Synthesis and characterization

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2133-2146
Author(s):  
Gervais Kounou Ndongo ◽  
Ndi Julius Nsami ◽  
Ketcha Joseph Mbadcam
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cassava Peel

Ferromagnetic activated carbon (FAC) was prepared through impregnation of cassava peel with FeCl3 (3.75%) solution and pyrolyzed at 800 °C. Samples were characterized using iodine number, methylene blue number, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transformation infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, elemental analysis and N2 adsorption for surface area determination. The proximate analysis of cassava peel showed that the moisture content, fixed carbon, ash content, and the volatile matter were 3.52%, 82.97%, 4.97%, and 8.54%, respectively. The prepared FAC had a BET surface area of 405.9 m2/g, pore size of 2.03 nm and total pore volume of 0.11 cm3/g. The SEM analysis showed the presence of both micro and mesopores on the FAC sample. The XRD pattern of FAC showed the presence of characteristic peaks of magnetite–maghemite, confirming that the prepared material is ferromagnetic. According to the experimental results, the cassava peels are considered as appropriate raw material for FAC preparation.

STUDY PORE CHARACTERIZATION OF γ-ALUMINA – ACTIVATED CARBON COMPOSITE MADE OF CASSAVA PEELS (Manihot esculenta Cranz)

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Hartini Hartini ◽  
Yuniawan Hidayat ◽  
Mudjijono Mudjijono
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Made In

<p>A composite of γ-alumina and activated carbon made of cassava peels was studied in terms of its pore structures and its properties. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction and structure, as well as the character and pore size of γ-alumina – activated carbon composite.</p><p>Carbon made of cassava peels was activated by H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and its activities were tested according to the Indonesian Industrial Standards (SII). The addition of activated carbon into γ-alumina made in variations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % w/w, of the total weight of 10 grams. The composite of γ-alumina - activated carbon was characterized by FTIR, SAA (Surface Area Analyzer), XRD, and determination of Hysteresis Loop composites.</p>The greater addition of activated carbon to γ-alumina causes intermolecular interactions between –O-H groups form rehydrated hydrogen bonds in the composite is greater. The structure of γ-alumina in the composites remain intact although the percentage of activated carbon in composite is large. The total pore volume and surface area using the BET method of the composite decreases with increasing activated carbon percentage. The greater addition of activated carbon to γ-alumina causes size of mesoporous composites decreased with the characteristic of a composite formed is closer to the activated carbon.

Facile Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Swamp Taro Stalk via Single Step ZnCl2 Activation

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammed Yahya ◽  
Jeyashelly Andas ◽  
Ghani Zaidi Ab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Type Iv

In this work, mesoporous activated carbon with high surface area was synthesized from swamp taro stalk by single step ZnCl2 activation. The synthesized activated carbon was characterized by Na2S2O3 volumetric method, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption analyses. Under the single step ZnCl2 activation, the registered iodine number, BET surface area, total pore volume and pore diameter were 1087.57 mgg-1, 1242.26 m2g-1, 0.73cm3g-1 and 3.72 nm respectively with yield of 25.34%. SEM analysis evidenced the well-formation of porous structure. Type IV isotherm with H2 loops obtained from N2-sorption studies indicates the ink bottles shape mesoporous network structure. This research proved the successful conversion of plant waste into high grade activated carbon.

scholarly journals Application of Titanium Dioxide in the Synthesis of Mesoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Agricultural Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Kaman Singh ◽  
Rayees Ahamad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Porous Solid ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
Mesoporous Activated Carbon

Adsorption is an important technique that significances the characteristics of porous solid materials and fine powders. The importance of porous solid materials and fine powders has been recognized when porous coal used for various applications such as catalysis, separation, isolation, sensors, chromatography, etc. Herein, the synthesis of mesoporous activated carbon derived from agricultural waste using TiO2. The TiO2-modified carbon was characterized employing scanning electron microscope (SEM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The obtained results suggested that the TiO2-modified carbon could be a potential material for various application like dye removal, metal removal and allied areas. This book chapter describes the commonly used classifications of porous bulk materials and also reported here the characterization of porous solid materials and fine powders with special reference to the evaluation of the surface area, pore size distribution and thermodynamic parameters of the different mesoporous material, at various scales of resolution using relevant techniques. These materials comprise several levels of structures that of the mesopores, micropores as well as macropores. The apparent topography analysis of these materials, of various pore diameters, synthesized in our laboratory has been determined at various scales with the help of various characterization techniques.

scholarly journals Carbonization Temperature Effect over Activated Carbon Porosity Derived from Industrial Processing Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209
Author(s):  
Hasan Sayğılı
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Industrial Processing

The influence of carbonization temperature (CT) on pore properties of the prepared activated carbon using lentil processing waste product (LWP) impregnated with potassium carbonate was studied. Activated carbons (ACs) were obtained by impregnation with 3:1 ratio (w/w) K2CO3/LWP under different carbonization temperatures at 600, 700, 800 and 900 oC for 1h. Activation at low temperature represented that micropores were developed first and then mesoporosity developed, enhanced up to 800 oC and then started to decrease due to possible shrinking of pores. The optimum temperature for LWP was found to be around 800 oC on the basis of total pore volume and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The optimum LWPAC sample was found with a CT of 800 oC, which gives the highest BET surface area and pore volume of 1875 m2/g and 0.995 cm3/g, respectively.

Activated carbon from potassium hydroxide spent liquor lignin using phosphoric acid

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamon Sarkar ◽  
Chao Tian ◽  
M. Sarwar Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Spent Liquor

Activated carbon was prepared by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) activation of potassium hydroxide (KOH) pulping spent liquor lignin from rice straw and compared with KOH hydroxide activation. The process parameters, such as impregnation ratio, activation temperature, and activation time were varied and their effects on the yield of activated carbon and iodine number were studied. The activated carbon prepared by H3PO4 at 800°C for 60 min at an impregnation ratio of 2.5 reached a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1063 m2/g, including pore diameter of 14.4 nm, iodine number of 525 mg/g, and yield of 49.2%. Yield and BET surface area in KOH activation was much lower than that of H3PO4.

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