scholarly journals Influence of different moisture regimes and n-fertilization on electrochemical changes and some nutrients in the leachate solution during growing period of rice plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Hanan Siam ◽  
Saleh A.L. ◽  
Abd- El-Moez M.R. ◽  
Holah S.H ◽  
Abou Zeid S.T
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Leachate Solution ◽  
Mn Concentrations

<p>A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of NRC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, using clay loam soil to study the effect of different moisture regimes (M1, M2 and M3) and fertilizer treatment(F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4) on electrochemical change and concentration of some nutrients in the leachate solution during growing period of rice plant (variety Sakha 102).</p><p>The important results could be summarized in the follows: PH values showed the highest decreases under all the fertilizer treatments when the moisture regime of M1 was used followed by M2 and M3 in descending order. Furthermore, pH values showed higher decreases when the fertilizer treatment of F3 was used followed by F4, F2, F1 and F0 in decreasing order.</p><p>Under all soil moisture regimes and fertilizer treatment Eh values sharply decreased during the 12 days after starting (DAS), then they decreased to the lowest values at 24 DAS. The soil moisture regimes decreased Eh values in soil solution during the growth period of rice plants. The highest decreases were obtained under soil moisture of M1 followed by M2 and M3 in descending order. The greatest decreases of Eh values were obtained by using the fertilizer treatment of F3 followed by F4, F2, F1 and F0 in descending order.</p><p>Results showed that , P, K+, Fe++ and Mn++ concentrations in soil solution were higher in the early stages of rice plans and reached a peak at 24 days after staring (DAS), then the concentrations of all the studied nutrients gradually decreased with increasing the growth period.</p><p>Inorganic N-fertilizer treatments (F1 and F2) gave higher nutrients concentrations under all soil moisture regimes as compared with N-organic fertilizer treatment alone (F4). Combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer (F3) gave the higher nutrients concentration in the leachate solutions followed by fertilizer treatments of F2, F1, F4 and F0 in decreasing order.</p><p>The highest values of , P, K+, Fe++ and Mn++ concentrations were obtained at 24 days after starting (DAS) by using the fertilizer treatment of F3 under soil moisture regime of M1 (F3 M1¬) followed by F3M2 and F3M3 in decreasing order, while the lowest values were obtained at 72DAS under soil moisture regime of M3 and unfertilized treatment F0 (M3F0).</p>

Soil moisture conditions affect the sensitivity ofBromus catharticusdormant seeds to light and the emergence pattern of seedlings

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico P.O. Mollard ◽  
Pedro Insausti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Moisture Conditions

AbstractThe soil moisture regime may affect dormancy of seeds and their sensitivity to signals that promote germination. We studied the effect of moisture regime on the sensitivity to light of dormantBromus catharticusseeds, and on the emergence pattern of seedlings. Seeds were incubated under continuously hydrated, continuously dehydrated, or fluctuating moisture regimes in a controlled environment (25°C, darkness) for 2 months. After moisture treatments, seeds were exposed to red or far-red light pulses, or to darkness, to determine germinability. In addition, grassland mesocosms with intact seed bank and vegetation were irrigated or subjected to a drought regime in a glasshouse at summer temperatures. After 2 months, the temperature was reduced to correspond to grassland temperatures in autumn; the canopy was removed and half of the mesocosms were covered with filters that exclude red light. Density ofB. catharticusseedlings was evaluated after 2 weeks. Dormancy decreased in continuously hydrated seeds but they still required red light for germination. In contrast, an important fraction of seeds that experienced continuously dehydrated or fluctuating moisture regimes germinated in darkness or after far-red light pulses. In the mesocosms that had experienced a soil drought, a higher density of seedlings emerged in the absence of red light than in the daily irrigated mesocosms. This indicates that a fraction ofB. catharticusseeds acquired the capability to germinate under the canopy, especially in the drought moisture regime. Results indicate that the soil moisture environment experienced during dormancy affects the sensitivity to light ofB. catharticusseeds, as well as the emergence pattern of seedlings.

Quality and morphological characteristics of alfalfa as affected by soil moisture, pH and phosphorus fertilization

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène V. Petit ◽  
A. R. Pesant ◽  
G. M. Barnett ◽  
W. N. Mason ◽  
J. L. Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Saranac’) was grown in a greenhouse on Ste-Rosalie clay and Danby gravelly sandy loam to determine the effects of phosphorus fertilization, air temperature, soil moisture regime and soil pH on chemical composition and plant morphology. The following treatments were applied in factorial combination: three moisture regimes (1, semi-dry, with soil moisture between field capacity or 100% of available water and wilting point or 0% of available water; 2, optimal, between field capacity and 70% of available water; 3, wet, between saturation point and field capacity), three rates of phosphorus in the form of disodium phosphate (0, 12.5 and 25.0 P kg−1 of dry soil) and three soil pH levels (natural, near 5.4, 6.5 and 7.5). Half the alfalfa was grown in a warm greenhouse section with a minimum daytime temperature of 25 °C and 19 °C at night and the other half was grown in a cool section with a daytime minimum of 15 °C and 9 °C at night. Quality of alfalfa was generally improved by water deficit as shown by decreased concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) and increased concentrations of crude protein (CP). Cold temperatures decreased ADF content which indicates that quality of alfalfa grown under cold compared to warm temperature regimes is better. Phosphorus fertilization seemed to have more effects on plant morphology and quality under cold than warm temperature regimes. In general, concentrations of CP, ADF and ADL, stem length, leaf area and the number of stems increased in parallel with soil pH. The data indicate that low temperature and low soil moisture regimes were generally associated with higher quality alfalfa than were high temperature and wet soil moisture regimes.Key words: Alfalfa, soil moisture regime, air temperature, phosphorus fertilization, soil pH

EFFETS DES RÉGIMES THERMIQUES ET HYDRIQUES, DES pH DU SOL ET DE LA FUMURE PHOSPHATÉE SUR LA RÉPONSE AU PHOSPHORE DE LA LUZERNE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT ◽  
G. M. BARNETT ◽  
W. N. MASON
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of phosphorus application, air temperature, soil moisture regime and soil pH on the yield response of, and soil phosphorus availability to, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L ’Saranac’). The following treatments were used in factorial combination: three moisture regimes: (1) semi-dry, with soil moisture between FC (100% of available water or field capacity) and WP (0% of available water or wilting point), (2) optimal, between FC and 70% of available water, (3) wet, between saturation point and FC; three rates of phosphorus in the form of disodium phosphate (0, 12.5 and 25.0 P kg−1 of dry soil; and three soil pH levels: original (5.2 or 5.7), 6.5 and 7.5. Half of the alfalfa was grown in a warm greenhouse section with a minimum daytime temperature of 25 °C and 19 °C at night and the other half in a cool section with a daytime minimum of 15 °C and 9 °C at night. Although shoot yields were higher under warm than under cool conditions, yield response to phosphorus was greater under cool than warm growing conditions. Yield increases due to phosphorus were linear under optimum and wet soil moisture regimes and nonsignificant under the semi-dry regime. Phosphorus application increased root weight by 18% under the cool regime compared to 14% in the warm greenhouse. Phosphorus uptake by alfalfa increased with increasing rates of soil-applied P, except in semi-dry soils at warm temperature, where no effect of P on P uptake was recorded. Phosphorus uptake increased significantly with soil pH and was higher under warm temperature and optimal water regime.Key words: Phosphorus fertilization, available phosphorus, alfalfa, soil moisture regime, air temperature, phosphorus uptake

Effect of soil moisture regime, nitrogen and modified urea materials on yield and quality of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) grown on alfisols

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Modified Urea

Two field experiments were conducted during 1996–98 at Bangalore, India to study the effect of soil moisture regimes (0·3, 0·6 and 0·9 IW:CPE ratios) irrigation water:cumulative pan evaporation (IW:CPE) ratios and three rates of nitrogen application (0, 100 and 200 kg/ha) and in another experiment, three soil moisture regimes (0·3, 0·6 and 0·9 IW: CPE ratios), two rates of nitrogen application (100 and 200 kg/ha) and modified urea materials [prilled urea (PU) and dicyandiamide coated urea (DCDCU)] on oil content, herbage, oil yield and quality of geranium grown on altisols. Soil moisture maintained at 0·6 IW:CPE ratio significantly increased the herbage and oil yields of geranium. Application of 200 kg N/ha gave the maximum herbage and oil yield compared with those obtained from 0 and 100 kg N/ha. DCDCU produced higher yield than PU. The concentration and quality of essential oil were not influenced either by soil-moisture regime, rates or carriers of N.

Comparison of black spruce (Picea mariana) radial growth reduction in different soil moisture regimes during a spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreak

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1410-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa E. Lacey ◽  
Jeffery P. Dech
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes

The objective of this study was to determine if the stand‐level soil moisture regime had a significant effect on the reduction in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) radial growth during the most recent spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreak in the boreal forest region of northeastern Ontario. We collected a stratified random sample of co-dominant black spruce trees from three moisture regimes and compared the reduction of radial growth during a spruce budworm outbreak between dry, moist, and wet stands. We focused on the most recent outbreak from 1975–1987, which we dated by dendrochronological analysis of black spruce increment cores from the Romeo Malette Forest near Timmins, Ontario. Samples collected from dry and moist sites showed significantly greater maximum radial growth reduction than those from wet sites. Mean growth reduction over the entire outbreak was not significantly different among moisture regimes but followed the same trend. We found no evidence of spatial autocorrelation in the growth reduction response, suggesting that the moisture effect was not confounded by location.

EFFETS DU pH ET DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS ET LA TENEUR EN Mn DE LA LUZERNE ET DU LOTIER CULTIVES EN SERRE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were grown under greenhouse conditions, on Ste-Rosalie clay and St-Jude sand adjusted at pH of 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5, in order to determine the effect of soil pH and soil moisture regimes on the yields of the two legumes. Three soil moisture regimes were used: (1) humid (H1), with soil moisture between saturation point and field capacity; (2) optimum (H2), with soil moisture between field capacity and 70% of this value; (3) dry (H3), with soil moisture between 50% of field capacity and wilting point. Under the dry soil moisture regime (H3), birdsfoot trefoil behaved in the same way as did alfalfa. Their drought resistance decreased as the soil pH increased. Dry matter yields were reduced by 61.5% when soils were limed at the pH of 7.5. Under the humid soil moisture regime (H1), the productivity of alfalfa decreased much more than that of birdsfoot trefoil. The effect of excess soil moisture on alfalfa was mostly observed on the unlimed soils. Under these wet and acid soil conditions, alfalfa was intoxicated and suffocated due to high exchangeable manganese content and poor soil aeration. Liming soils to the pH of 7.5 decreased exchangeable Mn in soils to a non-toxic level and alfalfa could then grow well enough to transpire off the excess of soil water. Birdsfoot trefoil was much less influenced by soil acidity and poor drainage than alfalfa was.

scholarly journals Carbon Dynamics in Vertisols as Revealed by High-Resolution Sampling

Radiocarbon ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Becker-Heidmann ◽  
Olaf Andresen ◽  
Dov Kalmar ◽  
Hans-Wilhelm Scharpenseel ◽  
Dan H Yaalon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Two Vertisol soil profiles under xeric soil moisture regimes, located at Qedma and Akko, Israel, were investigated and compared to a profile under ustic moisture regime, located in Hyderabad, India. Samples were taken in complete successive 2 cm thin layers down to about 180 cm depth or more. Organic and inorganic carbon were analyzed with regard to 13C and 14C concentrations. While all soils have radiocarbon ages of several thousand years BP, the depth distributions reveal substantial differences between the soil carbon dynamics. 14C and, less pronounced, δ13C clearly reflect the pedoturbation process. Further, its strength is found to be related to mainly soil moisture regime, then clay content and land use. In one soil, a change of growing from C4 to C3 crops in the past can be concluded from the δ13C depth distribution.

On the definition and identification of aquic soil moisture regimes

Soil Research ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Childs ◽  
B Clayden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Moisture Regimes

The definition of an aquic soil moisture regime given in Soil Taxonomy is difficult to understand and, in places, ambiguous. The essence of the definition as written, however, is the requirement for reducing conditions. A soil which is saturated with groundwater or with capillary fringe water may, or may not, have an aquic moisture regime. Reducing conditions are defined in Soil Taxonomy in relation to the virtual absence of dissolved oxygen, though morphological criteria for the differentiation of soil classes are based on the reduction and segregation of iron. The absence of requirements relating to duration of reducing conditions, or to the thickness of reduced soil, suggests that the definition was intended to apply to soil material rather than to a pedon. The aquic moisture regime has a particular depth connotation only when it is applied to the differentiation of soil classes. A simple field test, based on the complexing agent �,�-dipyridyl, is useful for the identification of ferrous ions in soil solutions and hence is potentially useful in the recognition of aquic moisture regimes. The sensitivity of this test limits its usefulness to those soils which contain more than about 0.5% free iron (i.e. iron which can be solubilised as iron(II) under reducing conditions as measured by extraction with dithionite reagent).

scholarly journals Growth sensitivity to climate varies with soil moisture regime in spruce–fir forests in central British Columbia

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardy Griesbauer ◽  
S. Craig DeLong ◽  
Bruce Rogers ◽  
Vanessa Foord
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Summer Temperatures

Abstract Key message Growth sensitivity to climate varies with soil moisture regime in spruce–fir forests in central British Columbia. Stands growing at their dry edaphic limits displayed especially strong and unique climatic sensitivities. Abstract Soil moisture regime is an important influence of productivity, process, and structure in forested ecosystems. In western North America, projected warming trends may result in decreasing available soil moisture; however, the potential effects on forest growth remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the influence of stand-level soil moisture regime on the climatic sensitivity of mature hybrid white spruce (Picea glauca (Moensch) Voss x Picea engelmannii Parry) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) forests in central British Columbia, Canada. We collected and analyzed tree-ring data from 51 stands spanning a range of soil moisture regimes. Dendroecological analyses of climate–growth relationships indicated that warm summer temperatures and drought limit growth for both species across all soil moisture regimes; however, responses were strongest on the driest sites. Spruce populations across the gradient of soil moisture regimes displayed unique climate-growth relationships; growth in populations on wetter sites was more correlated with summer climate from the year prior to growth. Radial growth responses to prior summer temperatures strengthened over the past ca. 80 years in both species and across most sites, suggesting that climate–growth relationships are shifting in this region. This study presents evidence of the importance of considering site-level ecological factors such as soil moisture regime when studying forest growth responses to climate.

EFFETS DES DOSES DE BORE, DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES ET DU pH DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS DE LA LUZERNE ET DU LOTIER ET SUR L’ASSIMILABILITE DU BORE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Wilting Point

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Vernal) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Leo) were grown under greenhouse conditions in order to determine changes in boron response and availability following variations in soil pH and soil moisture regimes. Three rates of boron applications were selected: 0, 1.5, and 3.0 ppm of B. Soil pH was adjusted to 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5, respectively. The soil moisture regimes were fixed as following: (1) very dry (H1) with soil moisture between 50% of field capacity and wilting point, (2) dry (H2), with soil moisture between field capacity and wilting point. (3) optimum (H3), with soil moisture between field capacity and 70% of this value. Boron fertilization was more useful to alfalfa than to birdsfoot trefoil. Optimum rate was found to be 1.5 ppm of B. On Ste-Rosalie clay, the yield increase due to boron was 22% on soils under the dry regime (H2) but was almost non-existant at the very dry (H1) and optimum water regime (H3). Boron application on Greensboro loam was more efficient on soils undergoing dry (H2) and very dry soil moisture regime (H1) than on soils where moisture conditions were optimum (H3). Dry matter yields were increased by a factor of 10 under dry (H2) and very dry (H1) soil moisture regimes compared to a factor of 4 under optimum soil moisture regime (H3). Under acid soil conditions, no yield increase was obtained following boron applications. Boron availability and response of the two legumes to B was also decreased by overliming soils to pH 7.4. The cyclic drought periods that happened under dry (H2) and very dry (H1) soil moisture regime produced similar effects. Boron availability and efficiency as plant nutrient was greatly reduced, if not annihilated, by the combined effect of repeated drought cycles and by either excessive soil acidity or overliming.

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