scholarly journals Substitution Local Resources Basalt Stone Scoria Lampung, Indonesia, as a Third Raw Material Aggregate to Increase The Quality of Portland Composite Cement (PCC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.14) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Rajiman . ◽  
Sofia W Alisjahbana ◽  
Hery Riyanto ◽  
Cholil Hasyim ◽  
Muhammad Ikhsan Setiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Hydraulic Cement ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
The Cost

Domestic cement demand is increasing in line with the increase of development of property sector and construction sector. Cement is one of the important components in making a permanent building. The function of cement in a construction is as an adhesive material that affects the strength of a building. The process of making cement is divided into two groups, namely hydraulic cement and non-hydraulic cement. Hydraulic cement consists of Portland type cement and PCC type cement, PPC cement and slag cement. The type of PCC cement (Portland Composite Cement) is produced from grinding clinker with gypsum with the addition of third raw material. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of cement quality improvement with substitution of basalt scoria stone raw material as much as 0-10% as the third raw material. The source of basalt scoria stone originated from Lampung Timur, Indonesia. The fineness test showed cement fineness was 2983-3665 cm2/gr with minimum SNI standard 2800 cm2/gr. Residue test meets the requirements of SNI standard that is equal to 16,07% -18,55%. The compressive strength test was performed at ages 3, 7 and 28 days and obtained the result that the optimum compressive strength produced was 235, 314, 394 kg/cm2. Basalt rock usage as substitution material in cement production can decrease environmental pollution caused by clinker production. Based on the cost estimation analysis, the use of basalt stone can decrease the production cost which impact on the increase of profit 

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FLY ASH DARI PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA PADA PEMBUATAN SEMEN PCC (PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT) DI PT SEMEN XYZ LAMPUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Septiyana Sari ◽  
◽  
Susanti Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This study discusses the use of fly ash waste from coal burning on the manufacture of PCC (Portland composite cement) at PT. XYZ Lampung. The purpose of this research is to look at the technical studies and the efficiency of raw materials in the use of fly ash in cement making, in this case PCC cement (Portland Composite Cement). The steps taken in analyzing the data in this study were viewed from a technical aspect by means of a physical test, namely the cement compressive strength test at the age of 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days using the Compression Testing Machine. This test was conducted to see the comparison of the compressive strength of PCC cement using limestone and fly ash as raw materials, then calculate the difference in raw material costs in the year before and after the replacement of limestone with fly ash. The results showed that cement with the addition of fly ash after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days had an increased compressive strength value, which increased 21.69%, 16.07% and 8.05% respectively of the compressive strength of cement using limestone. The use of fly ash as a substitute for limestone has an effect on the cost of raw materials, where the difference between the cost of raw materials in 2019 and the cost of raw materials in 2018 is Rp. 39,440,952,074.

scholarly journals Ultra-high-performance concrete with local high unburned carbon fly ash

DYNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (216) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Joaquín Abellán García ◽  
Nancy Torres Castellanos ◽  
Jaime Antonio Fernandez Gomez ◽  
Andres Mauricio Nuñez Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Unburned Carbon ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
The Cost

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is a kind of high-tech cementitious material with superb mechanical and durability properties compared to other types of concrete. However, due to the high content of cement and silica fume used, the cost and environmental impact of UHPC is considerably higher than conventional concrete. For this reason, several efforts around the world have been made to develop UHPC with greener and less expensive local pozzolans. This study aimed to design and produce UHPC using local fly ash available in Colombia. A numerical optimization, based on Design of Experiments (DoE) and multi-objective criteria, was performed to obtain a mixture with the proper flow and highest compressive strength, while simultaneously having the minimum content of cement. The results showed that, despite the low quality of local fly ashes in Colombia, compressive strength values of 150 MPa without any heat treatment can be achieved.

scholarly journals MODIFIKASI TEPUNG UMBI TALAS BOGOR (COLOCASIA ESCULENTUM (L) SCHOTT) DENGAN TEKNIK OKSIDASI SEBAGAI BAHAN PANGAN PENGGANTI TEPUNG TERIGU

REAKTOR ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dessy Ariyanti ◽  
C Sri Budiyati ◽  
Andri Cahyo Kumoro
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Swelling Power ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Taro Flour ◽  
Similar Content

Tanaman talas bogor (Colocasia esculentum (L) Schott) sangat mudah dibudidayakan di daerah tropik dan sub-tropik, termasuk Indonesia. Umbi talas bogor kaya akan karbohidrat, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi yang potensial bagi manusia melalui berbagai proses modifikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperbaiki kualitas tepung umbi talas bogor dengan mengkaji pengaruh konsentrasi suspensi, katalis, oksidator, dan temperatur dari proses modifikasi dengan cara oksidasi menggunakan larutan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2). Variabel yang dikaji adalah suspensi tepung dengan air (40, 30, 20, dan 10%), waktu reaksi (30, 60, 90, dan 120 menit, konsentrasi katalis (0; 0,1%; 0,2%), konsentrasi oksidator (1%, 2% dan 3%) dan temperatur (30; 40; 50oC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan konsentrasi suspensi 40% , konsentrasi katalis 0,1%, konsentrasi H2O2 2% dan temperatur 30oC pada waktu oksidasi 30 menit memberikan hasil yang paling optimum ditinjau dari daya kembang (swelling power) dengan nilai 7g/g dan kelarutannya dalam air yaitu 4% dengan mempertimbangkan aspek teknis dan ekonomis dari proses. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan H2O2 sebagai oksidator cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan nilai daya kembang tepung talas bogor yang sebelumnya hanya 4,3 g/g menjadi 7 g/g, dimana nilai tersebut telah masuk dalam rasio daya kembang tepung terigu yaitu 6,8-7,9 g/g. Namun oksidator H2O2 tidak cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan nilai kelarutan tepung dalam air yang sebelumnya hanya 2% menjadi 4%, dimana nilai tersebut masih dibawah rasio kelarutan tepung terigu yaitu 6,3-7,3%. Selain itu uji organoleptik pada kue kering berbahan baku tepung umbi talas bogor teroksidasi menunjukkan kelemahan berupa rasa yang agak pahit dan tekstur yang terlalu rapuh dibandingkan dengan kue kering yang menggunakan bahan baku tepung terigu.Bogor taro (Colocasia esculentum (L) Schott) is one of the local resources which can be used as raw material for flour and starch production. They are easy to cultivate in tropical and sub-tropical area such as Indonesia. Tubers of Bogor taro contain a lot of carbohydrates and the flour can be modified using several technique of modification in order to achieve the similar content and properties as wheat flour. The objective of this research was to upgrade the quality of tuber Bogor taro flour by studying the effect of suspension consistency (40; 30; 20;10%), concentration of catalyst (0; 0.1%; 0.2%) and H2O2 (1%; 2% and 3%) as oxidizer and temperature of oxidation process (30; 40; 50oC). The results showed that the use of 40% suspension consistency, 0.1% catalyst concentration, 2% H2O2 concentration and 30oC of oxidation temperature at 30 minutes gave the most optimum results in terms of swelling power with 7g/g and water solubility 4% with taking the technical and economic aspects of the process as consideration. Swelling power and water solubility of modified tuber of Bogor taro flour were higher compared to the native ones, which successively 4.3 g/g and 2%. However, in organoleptic analyses showed that the cookies made from modified flour of Bogor taro tuber still have weaknesses such as a bitter taste and fragile textures compared to the cookies made from wheat flour.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ADDING CEMENT WASTE ON THE QUALITY OF CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE

Jurnal CIVILA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Asrul Majid ◽  
Hammam Rofiqi Agustapraja
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
Test Objects

Infrastructure development is one of the important aspects of the progress of a country where most of the constituents of infrastructure are concrete. The most important constituent of concrete is cement because its function is to bind other concrete materials so that it can form a hard mass. The large number of developments using cement as a building material will leave quite a lot of cement bags.In this study, the authors conducted research on the effect of adding cement waste to the compressive strength of concrete. This study used an experimental method with a total of 24 test objects. The test object is in the form of a concrete cylinder with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm and uses variations in the composition of the addition of cement waste cement as a substitute for fine aggregate, namely 0%, 2%, 4% and 6%. K200). The compressive strength test was carried out at the age of 7 days and 28 days.The test results show that the use of waste as a partial substitute for fine aggregate results in a decrease in the compressive strength of each mixture. at the age of 7 days the variation of 2% is 16.84 MPa, 4% is 11.32 MPa and for a mixture of 6% is 6.68 MPa. Meanwhile, the compressive strength test value of 28 days old concrete in each mixture decreased by ± 6 MPa. So the conclusion is cement cement waste cannot be used as a substitute for fine aggregate in fc 16.6 (K200) quality concrete because the value is lower than the specified minimum of 16.6 MPa.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH GYPSUM BOARD DAN BATU BATA MERAH UNTUK SUBSTITUSI SEMEN PADA PEMBUATAN BETON

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Didik Hadi Prayogo ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Sigit Winarto
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Average Compressive Strength ◽  
Main Material

Concrete is one of the most vital building blocks, from columns, bricks, paving to roads made of concrete, so the use of concrete tends to be high. Concrete is often used as the main buffer in a building, so good quality is needed, but this is not accompanied by a declining quality of the material, so it requires innovation in the addition of new materials that can at least reduce the needs of the main material for making concrete, one of which is the utilization of Gypsum Board waste and red brick waste. The results of testing the concrete compressive strength test with the addition of Gypsum Board waste and red brick waste to cement obtained pretty good results. Concrete, which has the highest average compressive strength than normal concrete, has concrete with a mixture of red brick and gypsum waste of 10% each with a compressive strength of 250.56 kg / cm², and which has the lowest compressive strength have concrete with a mixture of red bricks and gypsum waste 15% each with a compressive strength of 195.56 kg / cm².Beton merupakan salah satu unsur penyusun bangunan paling vital mulai dari kolom,bata, paving hingga jalan terbuat dari beton sehingga penggunaan beton cenderung tinggi. Beton sering digunakan sebagai bahan penyangga utama pada suatu bangunan maka diperlukan kualitas yang baik, namun hal tersebut tidak di sertai dengan kualitas bahan yang kian menurun,makadiperlukan inovasi penambahan bahan baru yang setidaknya dapat mengurangi kebutuhan bahan utama pembuat beton, salah satunya pemanfaatan limbah Gypsum Board dan limbah batu bata merah Hasil dari pengetesan uji kuat tekan beton dengan penambahan limbah Gypsum Board dan limbah batu bata merah terhadap semen didapatkanhasil yang cukup bagus Beton yang memiliki nilai kuat tekan rata-rata paling tinggi selain beton normal di miliki beton dengan campuran batu bata merah dan limbah gypsum masing-masing 10% dengan nilai kuat tekan sebesar 250,56 Kg/cm²,dan yang memiliki nilai kuat tekan paling rendah di miliki beton dengan campuran batu bata merah dan limbah gypsum masing-masing 15% dengan nilai kuat tekan 195,56 Kg/cm².

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN PASIR GALIAN (MATERIAL LOKAL) DI KABUPATEN MERAUKE – PAPUA SEBAGAI KOMPONEN PENYUSUN MORTAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Stanley Larson
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Organic Impurities ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Interior Walls ◽  
Local Materials

One of the infrastructure developments by the Indonesian government is in Merauke Regency. However, the availability of high-quality materials must be imported from outside, which results in high prices and long delivery times. Alternative construction materials continue to be sought and developed, such as the use of local materials. The aim of this research is to determine which sand is the best as mortar mixture. This mortar study used 3 (three) sands from quarries in Merauke, namely Onggari-1, Bupul-5, and Senayu. The ratio of mortar constituent between cement and sand is 1:2 with FAS 0.4, with 5x5x5 cm test object. The properties of each sand tested in original condition while the mortar compressive strength test was carried out at the age of 8 days, 14 days and 28 days. The mortar also will be tested for volume weight, specific gravity, and water absorption. The analysis results showed Onggari-1 met most of all the properties specifications for concrete with clay particles less than 5%, low organic impurities, and well-graded. The compressive strength achieved by Onggari-1 was the highest at 38,45 MPa, followed by Senayu at 26,01 MPa and Bupul-5 at 19,44 MPa at the age of 28 days. The highest increase in quality of each sand occurred at the age of 14 days. Sand from Senayu and Bupul-5 need maintenance in the form of washing the sand and repairing the gradation. Overall, all sands can be used as masonry work that bear large loads such as exterior and interior walls.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KUAT TEKAN BATA PLASTIK BERJENIS POLYPROPYLENE (PP) POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) DAN HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 019
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridho Reksi ◽  
Dian Rahayu Jati ◽  
Yulisa Fitrianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
High Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Markup Pricing

AbstractPlastic waste needs attention because it can cause serious problems if not managed properly. Of the various types of plastics, the most widely disposed of to the environment are Polypropylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, and High-Density Polyethylene which are usually in the form of plastic bags and bottles. This research was conducted to make bricks made of plastic as an alternative material for infrastructure that is economical, strong, and durable, which is seen based on the compressive strength value based on its type, namely PP, PET, and HDPE plastic bricks. The compressive strength testing phase is carried out three times in each type. The selling price of plastic bricks is determined by the Markup pricing method. The process of plastic brick making includes collecting plastic waste, washing, drying, chopping, melting, and printing. Based on the research results, the plastic bricks produced from the types of PET, HDPE, and PP are in the form of blocks with a size of 19 cm x 10 cm x 6.5 cm, where the PET type brick requires 5.1 kg of waste, 3.6 kg of HDPE type, and the type of PP as much as 3 kg. The compressive strength test values for PP, PET, and HDPE plastic bricks have met the compressive strength standards based on SNI 15-2094-2000, with the highest average compressive strength test values found in PP plastic bricks of 246 kg/cm², plastic bricks HDPE type 166 kg/cm², and plastic brick type PET 98.7 kg/cm². The selling price of plastic bricks without including the purchase price of plastic as raw material for making plastic bricks (Scenario I) for PP plastic bricks costs Rp1.907,00/brick, PET types Rp3.024,00/brick, and HDPE types Rp3.464,00/brick. While the selling price of plastic bricks by entering the purchase price of plastic as raw material for making plastic bricks (Scenario II) for PP plastic bricks Rp2.867,00/brick, PET type Rp4.624,00/brick, and HDPE type Rp3.944,00/brick.Keywords: Compressive Strength, Markup Pricing, Plastic Brick. AbstrakSampah plastik perlu mendapatkan perhatian karena menimbulkan masalah yang serius jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Dari berbagai jenis plastik, yang paling banyak dibuang ke lingkungan adalah jenis Polypropylene, Polyethylene Terephthalate, dan High Density Polyethylene yang biasanya dalam bentuk kantong dan botol plastik. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna membuat bata berbahan plastik sebagai bahan alternatif infrastruktur yang bersifat ekonomis, kuat dan tahan lama yang dilihat berdasarkan nilai kuat tekan berdasarkan jenisnya, yaitu bata plastik jenis PP, PET, dan HDPE. Tahap pengujian kuat tekan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan di setiap jenisnya. Harga jual bata plastik ditentukan dengan metode Markup pricing. Proses pembuatan bata plastik yaitu pengumpulan sampah plastik, pencucian, penjemuran, pencacahan, pelelehan, dan pencetakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bata plastik yang dihasilkan dari jenis PET, HDPE, dan PP berbentuk balok dengan ukuran 19 cm x 10 cm x 6,5 cm, dimana bata jenis PET memerlukan sampah sebanyak 5,1 kg, jenis HDPE sebanyak 3,6 kg, dan  jenis PP sebanyak 3 kg. Nilai uji kuat tekan pada bata plastik jenis PP, PET, dan HDPE telah memenuhi standar kuat tekan berdasarkan SNI 15-2094-2000, dengan nilai uji kuat tekan rata-rata tertinggi terdapat pada bata plastik jenis PP sebesar 246 kg/cm², bata plastik jenis HDPE 166 kg/cm², dan bata plastik jenis PET 98,7 kg/cm². Harga jual bata plastik tanpa memasukkan harga beli plastik sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata plastik (Skenario I) pada bata plastik jenis PP seharga Rp1.907,00/bata, jenis PET Rp3.024,00/bata, dan jenis HDPE Rp3.464,00/bata. Sedangkan harga jual bata plastik dengan memasukkan harga beli plastik sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata plastik (Skenario II) pada bata plastik jenis PP Rp2.867,00/bata, jenis PET Rp4.624,00/bata, dan jenis HDPE Rp3.944,00/bata.Kata Kunci: Bata Plastik, Kuat Tekan, Markup Pricing.

scholarly journals Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Addition with Fibers

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
B Anitha Rani V Bhargavi,
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Day By Day

Concrete is the most widely used construction material all over the world. The quantity of the water plays an important role in the preparation of concrete. And the demand of concrete is increasing day by day and cement is used for satisfying the need of development of infrastructure facilities, 1 tonne cement production generates 1 tonne CO2, which adversely affect the environment. In order to reduce the use of OPC and CO2 generation, the new generation concrete has been developed such as Geopolymer concrete (GPC). Geopolymers are inorganic polymers and their chemical composition is similar to natural materials. Geopolymer binders are the alternatives in the development of acid resistant concrete i.e. durability of concrete. Geopolymer concrete is produced using Fly ash at 100% replacement to cement and binders like NaOH, Na2SiO3 to ignite the geopolymerisation. Many studies were carried out on properties of geopolymer concrete. This study focuses on enhancing the strength of geopolymer concrete by using fibers. 60% polyester and 40% polypropylene fibers are added to geopolymer concrete addition with Fly ash content. The trail mixes were casted with addition of fibers at different percentages like (0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45 and 0.50 %). Then samples were air-cured for 28 days at ambient temperature. Compressive strength test is conducted on the samples after 3, 7 and 28 days. The optimum value is obtained at 0.40% addition of fibers when compared to nominal mix(GPC).

scholarly journals Modelling of the process of vybromechanical activation of plant raw material hydrolysis for pectin extraction

10.5219/1305 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Igor Palamarchuk ◽  
Mikhailo Mushtruk ◽  
Vladislav Sukhenko ◽  
Vladislav Dudchenko ◽  
Lidija Korets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Drive Shaft ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Power And Energy

Centrifugal and vibrational technological effects are among the main approaches to intensify the process of plant raw materials hydrolysis for pectin extraction. With the impulse intensification of such a process, it is possible not only to increase its efficiency, but also to achieve the compactness of the equipment, reduce the cost of electricity and improve the quality of the product of hydrolysis. The hypothesis is confirmed, according to which the vibro-centrifugal intensification of hydrolysis increases the driving force of the process by not only activating the material flows of raw materials and reagents, but also by reducing the resistance in the technological environment. Graphical and analytical dependencies of the power and energy parameters of the oscillatory system were obtained, which proved the overcoming of the flow resistance of the liquid medium in the entire speed range of the drive shaft with the potential to intensify the process at a power consumption of 2.0 – 3.0 kW and or by the force of 2.3 – 2.5 kN using the Lagrange and Cauchy methods for composing and solving the equations of motion of the moving components of the tested hydrolyser with vibrating activators, and the methods of mathematical analysis and their processing in the MathCAD. The analysis of the presented parameters of the studied process of mixing the pectin-containing mass in the hydrolyser allowed us to determine the rational mode parameters of processing, which correspond to the angular velocity of the drive shaft  rad/s at the power consumption of 500 – 600 watts.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BINDERLESS PALM BIOMASS BRIQUETTES WITH VARIOUS PARTICLE SIZES

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Mohd Faizal ◽  
Z. A. Latiff ◽  
Muhammad Amin Mohd Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Large Size

The physical and combustion characteristics of binderless palm biomass briquettes were investigated experimentally for various particle sizes and heating temperatures (150-210 ). In this study, empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres were used as a raw material. They were grounded and sieved into three different sizes; i) <300 m(small size), ii) 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm (medium size) and iii) 1.0 mm to 3.9 mm (large size). As a result, all particle sizes are possible to be used for making binderless briquette since the reliable compressive strength can be obtained. All the values of compressive strength are sufficiently high to resist mechanical disintegration. In addition, all calorific values are found to be very close to the minimum requirement for making commercial briquette, based on standard DIN51731 (17500 kJ/kg). Meanwhile, the moisture and ash content of the briquettes produced are found to be very competitive with the values belonging to a widely used local briquette. Based on the experimental results, it can be said that the best quality of 100% EFB briquette can be achieved when small particle size is used and the briquetting process is performed at the highest heating temperature.

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