CHARACTERISTICS OF BINDERLESS PALM BIOMASS BRIQUETTES WITH VARIOUS PARTICLE SIZES

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Mohd Faizal ◽  
Z. A. Latiff ◽  
Muhammad Amin Mohd Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Large Size

The physical and combustion characteristics of binderless palm biomass briquettes were investigated experimentally for various particle sizes and heating temperatures (150-210 ). In this study, empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres were used as a raw material. They were grounded and sieved into three different sizes; i) <300 m(small size), ii) 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm (medium size) and iii) 1.0 mm to 3.9 mm (large size). As a result, all particle sizes are possible to be used for making binderless briquette since the reliable compressive strength can be obtained. All the values of compressive strength are sufficiently high to resist mechanical disintegration. In addition, all calorific values are found to be very close to the minimum requirement for making commercial briquette, based on standard DIN51731 (17500 kJ/kg). Meanwhile, the moisture and ash content of the briquettes produced are found to be very competitive with the values belonging to a widely used local briquette. Based on the experimental results, it can be said that the best quality of 100% EFB briquette can be achieved when small particle size is used and the briquetting process is performed at the highest heating temperature.

Effect of Additives on the Synthesis of Foam Glasses from Polishing Porcelain Tile Waste and Carbon Ash

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 654-657
Author(s):  
Yu Xi Guo ◽  
Yi He Zhang ◽  
Xiang Hai Meng ◽  
Hong Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Flux Agent ◽  
Effect Of Additives ◽  
Lightweight Foam ◽  
Porcelain Tile

Lightweight foam glasses have been prepared from a mixture of solid wastes, namely polishing porcelain tile waste and carbon ash. In this work, we illustrate the effects of additives, including the carbon ash, flux agent Na2B4O710H2O and foaming stabilizer Na3PO412H2O on the quality of the foams. The results indicated that the optimum carbon ash content is 2%, and the compressive strength would fall with the addition of Na2B4O710H2O and Na3PO412H2O.

scholarly journals APLIKASI QUALITY FUNGTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD) PADA PENINGKATAN MUTU SUWAR SUWIR TAPE HANDAYANI 82 DI KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ade Galuh Rakhmadevi ◽  
Sih Yuwanti ◽  
Bambang Herry Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quality Attribute ◽  
Fixed Composition ◽  
Acidity Level

The intensity industrial competition required Tape Handayani 82 factory to develop its quality to compete in the market. The development of quality could be done by searching information about quality attribute of suwar suwir as costumer expectation. The purpose of this research was to identify quality attribute of suwar suwir and technical response requiring improvement, which could fulfill costumer expectation. Data was taken by distributing questionnaire to 65 respondents with non probability sampling method at 4 subdistrict in Bondowoso Regency, and interview to the producer of suwar suwir “Tape Handayani 82”. The research result showed that the quality attributs that needed to be improved were the fixed composition, the self life of the product, the fixed texture, the label of composition, the suitability of the product with the label, the taste variation and packaging form. The technical responses which improved in relation to quality improvement were the composition of the additional materials, the composition of the raw material, the maturity of the tape, the heating temperature, the heating time, the acidity level the tape, the stirring technique, the mixing time, the primary packaging type, smoothing technique, chilling time and fiber removal. The target value to the technical response of the Handayani 82 factory was less than the bencmark. This mean that suwar suwir of Tape Handayani 82 has not met the target in fulfilling the quality of suwar suwir as costumer expectation. Keywords: quality, suwar suwir, quality function deploment (QFD), customer

scholarly journals Chitosan Application as Edible Packaging Raw Material

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
. Junianto ◽  
Maria M. N. Mametapo ◽  
Arijjal Fadhli Aulia ◽  
. Fitriyanti ◽  
Nabila Qurrata A'yun
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Film Material ◽  
Biodegradable Packaging ◽  
Edible Packaging ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Made In

Chitosan extracted from shrimp or crab can be made as raw material for biodegradable packaging. The purpose of this article is to review the advantages of chitosan as a raw material for packaging, the extraction method of chitosan, the properties and quality of chitosan, biodegradable packaging, manufacturing methods, and properties of packaging made from chitosan and the development of chitosan products for packaging materials. Chitosan is a raw material for packaging that can be parsed, commonly called biodegradable packaging, non-toxic and anti-bacterial. The method of making chitosan is removing minerals and removing protein from shrimp, crab, or ranjungan shells to obtain chitin, followed by the chitin acetylation process to obtain chitosan. The quality of chitosan is listed in SNI No.7949 (2013), where this standardization includes color, moisture content, ash content, nitrogen content, and degree of deacetylation. Chitosan has been used for edible coating material and edible film material, both of which have different manufacturing methods and characteristics. The development of chitosan as raw material for degradable packaging is that chitosan is made in nanoparticle size.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SILICA FUME DAN GLENIUM SKY TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON K-400

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudirman Kimi ◽  
Abdullah Abuzar Alghafari
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

In the development of concrete technology (Concrete Technology) today which is increasingly unceasingly, along with the development of the era hence the quality of concrete selection as the main raw material of building construction is very important. This research writer take silica fume and glenium sky as added concrete mixture to know the influence of the addition of silica fume and glenium sky to the compressive strength of concrete. The research is divided into three stages : material testing, test object making and test object. This research uses cube-shaped specimen with size 15x15x15 cm, with 5 variations, they are normal concrete, silica fume 5%, silica fume 5% + glenium sky 2%, silica fume 5% + glenium sky 4%, and silica fume 5% + glenium sky 6%, which every variations has 3 test specimens with 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days. From laboratorium testing, the characteristics of compressive strength of concrete at age 28 days of normal concrete is 407,2 Kg/Cm2, normal concrete with silica fume 5% is 418,5 Kg/Cm2, normal concrete with silica fume 5% + glenium sky 2% is 435,9 Kg/Cm2, normal concrete with silica fume 5% + glenium sky 4% is 451,9 Kg/Cm2, normal concrete with silica fume 5% + glenium sky 6% is 484,1 Kg/Cm2.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asap Cair Batang Bambu Tabah (Gigantochloa nigrociliata Buse-Kurz) terhadap Karakteristik Ikan Lele (Clarias Sp) Asap

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
I Ketut Agus Sandi Andika ◽  
Pande Ketut Diah Kencana ◽  
Ida Bagus Putu Gunadnya
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Two Factors

Ikan lele adalah makanan kesehatan yang mengandung nilai gizi yang baik. Oleh karena itu penting untuk menemukan metode untuk melestarikan ikan ini untuk meningkatkan konsumsi mereka. Asap cair batang bambu tabah dapat digunakan sebagai metode untuk membuat produk olahan lele. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi dan suhu pemasakan terhadap kualitas ikan lele yang direndam dalam larutan asap cair bambu yang tabah. Dan juga untuk mengetahui konsentrasi dan suhu terbaik untuk kualitas organoleptik terbaik dari lele asap yang direndam dalam larutan asap cair bambu tabah. Metode yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi asap cair, yang terdiri dari 1%, 2%, dan 3%. Faktor kedua adalah suhu memasak, yang terdiri dari suhu 600C, 800C, dan 1000C. Kombinasi perawatan terbaik adalah konser bambu tabah 3% dan suhu pemanasan 1000C, pemanasan selama 4 jam menghasilkan nilai pH 5,61, kadar air 56,78%, kadar abu 2,17%, kadar protein 13,46% , kadar lemak 5,55%, warna 4,67 (coklat keemasan), aroma 4,80 (aroma cukup) rasa 4,93 (testeful), tekstur 4,53 (padat).   Catfish is a health food that contains good nutritional value. It is therefore important to find methods to conserve these fish to increase their consumption. Liquid smoke of stoic bamboo stems can be used as a method for making processed catfish products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cooking concentration and temperature on the quality of smoked catfish soaked in a stoic bamboo liquid smoke solution. And also to find out the best concentration and temperature for the best organoleptic quality of smoked catfish soaked in a stoic bamboo liquid smoke solution. The method used is a complete factorial randomized design with two factors. The first factor is the concentration of liquid smoke, consisting of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The second factor is the cooking temperature, consisting of 600C, 800C, and 1000C temperature. The best combination of treatments is a 3% stoic bamboo concert and a heating temperature of 1000C, heating for 4 hours produces a pH value of 5.61, a moisture content of 56.78%, an ash content of 2.17%, a protein content of 13.46%, a fat content of 5.55%, a color 4,67 (golden brown) ,aroma 4.80 (smells enough) taste 4.93 (testeful), texture 4.53 (solid).

scholarly journals Pre-operative and post-operative audiological evaluation of type 1 tympanoplasty and comparison between temporalis fascia graft and tragal perichondrium graft

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Satguru Saran Singh ◽  
Sandip M. Parmar ◽  
Abhey Sood ◽  
Nilank Saroha ◽  
Meenu Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Temporalis Fascia ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Type 1 Tympanoplasty ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Fascia Graft

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aim of the study was<strong> </strong>to evaluate the hearing improvement of type 1 tympanoplasty performed by using autologous temporalis fascia and autologous tragal perichondrium graft in successfully operated and graft uptake cases, with respect to age, sex, size of perforation and type of graft.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study consists of total 100 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) tubotympanic disease who have undergone type 1 tympanoplasty. Randomization of patients was done. Every alternate patient was divided accordingly in to two groups-one in temporalis fascia graft group and another in tragal perichondrium graft group. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. Cases with successful graft uptake were included in the study. Statistical comparisons were performed using the t test, and ANOVA test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study maximum numbers of patients were found in the age group of 15-30 years. Study showed that audiological benefits were more in males in comparison to females. Large size of perforation showed more improvement due to more air bone gap in comparison to medium size and small size perforation of ears. Audiological improvement occurred in 94% of cases, 3% cases worsened and 3% cases showed no change. More improvement was found in temporalis fascia graft in comparison to tragal perichondrium graft.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Type 1 tympanoplasty is a safe and effective technique to improve the quality of life of patients. Size of perforation, type of graft was found to have a major effect on the final outcome of surgery.</p>

scholarly journals THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ROBUSTA POWDER COFFE IN VARIOUS SIZE TYPES and COFFE WEIGHT ON SACHETS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Tri Agustina ◽  
Devi Silsia ◽  
Lukman Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Content Volume ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Sensory Test ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Weight Test

This research aims to determine the performance influence of sachets on various sizes of bags and the weight of coffee to the characteristics of the brew of coffee bags. The study uses a completely random design with 2 treatment factors, the first factor of the volume of contents in the bag and the second factor of the packaging bag size. Analyzed With ANOVA dan when the effect is noticeable. It will be followed by using a DMRT at  5%. significant levels. The research at moisture and ash content is suitable for the raw material of coffee bags. Coffee Sari qualified SNI is on the treatment of the volume of 1/4 content and small bag size with a yield of 22.02% coffee juice. The results of the analysis on the missing coffee weight test were obtained the highest value found in the volume of the 1/3 content with a large bag size resulted in 2.73 grams of lost coffee weight. The lowest value is on the 1/2 content volume and the medium size is 0.17 grams. The sensory test was derived that the panelists preferred it to the size of a large bag and the appropriate volume of contents to fill the bag with a volume of 1/3.Keywords: Bag size and coffee weight, Coffee characteristics.

scholarly journals Sand-lime bricks with addition of basalt powder

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Paulina Kostrzewa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Potential Customers ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Interesting Solution

The purpose of the work is to modify traditional lime-sand products with the addition of basalt dust. It is to improve the physical and mechanical parameters of the material. Thanks to this, bricks will have a better price / quality ratio and will be a more interesting solution for potential customers. To the silicate mass of raw material, after the process of extinguishing the lime in the mass, a modifier in the form of basalt dust was added, and then bricks were formed and autoclaved. The effect of the applied additive on the quality of products, made of the prepared mass, was evaluated on the basis of a comparative analysis of traditional lime-sand products and products modified with the addition of basalt dust. The tests were carried out in accordance with the methodology included in the standards. Replacing the part of traditional silicate mass with basalt dust at the production stage had a positive effect on the processes occurring during the autoclaving of the discussed products. The additive under hydrothermal conditions reacted with lime and silica to form additional amounts of the C-S-H phase. The use of basalt dust, in the amount of 5-20% in relation to the mass of raw materials, gave an improvement in compressive strength by up to 100% compared to samples without a modifier. Keywords: silicates, ecology, basalt powder, environment, sand-lime products, microstructure

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG BIJI KARET DENGAN ADITIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF MELALUI TEKNOLOGI PEMBRIKETAN

JTAM ROTARY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Randi Nasarudin ◽  
Abdul Ghofur
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Additional Material

The development of alternative energy sources that can replace fuel oil is very important to utilize natural resources optimally and environmentally. The shell produced from rubber plants is the main ingredient in this study, while the coconut shell is an additional material used to increase the calorific value of alternative fuels which is often referred to as Briquette. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of variations in raw material composition and variations in pressure on the quality of rubber shells and coconut shell waste briquettes according to SNI standards. The raw material for rubber shell and coconut shell is processed into charcoal using carbonization method with a variation of a mixture of 85%: 15%, 90%: 10% and 95%: 5% with 5% adhesive. Then mix the printed material with a pressure of 300 kg/cm2 and 100kg/cm2. The quality parameters of briquettes are based on SNI 01-6235-2000 standards with moisture content, ash content, volatille matter content, and lacquer value. The results of the study showed that the sample b1 with 85% injection: 15% print pressure 300kg/cm2. The briquette with the sample code b1 has a water content value of 5,10432%, ash content of 14,8604%, volatile matter content of 12,8002%, carbon value of 66,8225% and heating value of 6576.592501 cal/gr. But overall the briquettes have not met the standards of SNI 01-6235-2000 concerning the quality of wood charcoal briquettes. Because the ash content of the briquette exceeds the maximum limit that has been determined, namely a maximum of 8%.  Keywords: Alternative Energy, Rubber Seed Shell, Coconut Shell, Pressure

scholarly journals Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Some Selected Sandcrete Hollow Blocks in Kogi State

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Ajibola Ibrahim Quadri ◽  
Lawrence Irobekhian Ijesoh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Analysis Of Results

The current wave of the collapse of building structure all over Nigeria necessitates the need to carry out research on the mechanical properties of sandcrete hollow blocks. This study looks into the quality of blocks produced by block industries in Kogi state, Nigeria to ascertain its water absorption ratio, compressive strength and sieve analysis. In order to clarify these problems, the study is directed towards testing the strength properties of commercially produced sandcrete blocks; to verify whether the sandcrete block can be improved to achieve good quality in the building industries.  A Total of five block industries were visited and twenty samples were picked at random from each of the selected block industry and also, soil samples obtained for soil tests in the laboratory. The analysis of results obtained was compared with the Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS). The average water absorption rate of the sandcrete blocks for block industry D was found to be 12.5% higher than the 12% maximum requirement of the [9]. The average compressive strength values of the sandcrete blocks range between 0.64N/mm2 and 0.87N/mm2 which when compared with standard, was found to be below the minimum requirement of the [9]. Inadequate mix ratio was observed to be one of the factors of poor quality sandcrete block production in this area. The study recommends compliance monitoring by the various regulatory body to ensure good quality of sandcrete block production.

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