scholarly journals Influence of Engineered Microorganisms on Vermicomposting of Pre-processed Vegetable Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Senthilkumar Palaniappan ◽  
Murugappan Alagappan

The low optimum level of vermi pile depth (10 cm-15 cm) warrants encroachment of large land area and consume more time in the vermicomposting process.  In engineered vermicomposting, the acceleration of digestion of high volume of waste was done by eliminating the pre-composting and introducing pre-processing the waste.  This process involves chopping, pulverizing, stocking, and drying the waste followed by injecting the engineered microorganisms (EM) at various depths in vermi bin during the vermicomposting process. Pre-processing and injection of EM enabled to increase the substrate depth by two-to-three-fold (30 cm).  Experimentation was conducted in five vermi bins with same quantity of worms (100 gms of E. fetida in each bin), with different stock loads of EM  (0.3ml, 0.4ml, 0.5ml, 0.6ml and 0.7ml) named as Bin 1, Bin 2, Bin 3, Bin 4 and Bin 5 respectively.  In parallel, a control (Bin C1) and conventional (Bin C2) vermi bin were also set up to compare the differences observed.  The outcome of the study clearly showed that the bin loaded with 0.7ml EM (Bin 5) stock achieved high volume reduction (70%). Moreover, the trail unit loaded with 0.5ml of EM stock (Bin 3) exhibited high biomass growth rate than its counter trail units.   

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Roberts ◽  
Theron Jeppson ◽  
Rachelle Boulton ◽  
Josh Ridderhoff

Objective: The objective of this abstract is to illustrate how the Utah Department of Health processes a high volume of electronic data. We do this by translating what reporters send within an HL7 message into "epidemiologist" language for consumption into our disease surveillance system.Introduction: In 2013, the Utah Department of Health (UDOH) began working with hospital and reference laboratories to implement electronic laboratory reporting (ELR) of reportable communicable disease data. Laboratories utilize HL7 message structure and standard terminologies such as LOINC and SNOMED to send data to UDOH. These messages must be evaluated for validity, translated, and entered into Utah’s communicable disease surveillance system (UT-NEDSS), where they can be accessed by local and state investigators and epidemiologists. Despite the development and use of standardized terminologies, reporters may use different, outdated versions of these terminologies, may not use the appropriate codes, or may send local, home-grown terminologies. These variations cause problems when trying to interpret test results and automate data processing. UDOH has developed a two-step translation process that allows us to first standardize and clean incoming messages, and then translate them for consumption by UT-NEDSS. These processes allow us to efficiently manage several different terminologies and helps to standardize incoming data, maintain data quality, and streamline the data entry process.Methods: UDOH uses the Electronic Message Staging Area (EMSA) to receive ELR messages, manage terminologies such as LOINC and SNOMED, translate messages, and automatically enter laboratory data into UT-NEDSS. LOINCs and other terms, such as facility name, sent by reporting facilities in an HL7 message are considered child terms. All child terms are mapped to a master LOINC or term and each master LOINC or term is mapped to a specific value within UT-NEDSS. In EMSA, the rules engine used for automated processing of electronic data is set to run at the master level and these rules will determine how the message is processed. No rules are set up or run on child terms.Results: As of 09/20/2017, EMSA contains 2,613 unique child LOINCs that are mapped to 906 master LOINCs. Those 906 master LOINCs are mapped to 179 UT-NEDSS test types and 2003 child facility names are mapped to 1043 master facility namesConclusions: Mapping child terminologies from an HL7 message to a master vocabulary helps us to standardize incoming data, allows us to accept non-standard terminologies and correct reporting errors. Translating this data into a format that is understandable to epidemiologists and investigators enables UT-NEDSS to work effectively in identifying outbreaks and improving health outcomes. This framework is working for ELR and will continue to grow and accept more data and the different terminologies that come with that.


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Biranchi Narayan Swar

India is the one of the top 15 largest passenger car markets globally and is expected to be among the top 10 markets by 2016. Post-liberalization, many foreign manufacturers have set up their operations in India. It is expected that the small car segment is set to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 15–16 per cent in the next five years. During its early stages, the auto industry was overlooked by the then government and the policies were also not favourable. The liberalization policy and various tax reliefs by the Government of India in recent years have made remarkable impacts on Indian automobile industry, especially the small car segments. Moreover, it is the small car that is going to dominate the Indian roads, generate volumes and strengthen manufacturers’ bottom lines in future. This article is an attempt to explore factors driving working professionals buying small cars. The data was collected from 250 respondents and analysed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using varimax rotations. The analysis extracted four factors such as artistic, economical, safety and security, and comfortability. The managerial implications include the following—small car dealers need to adopt strategies to understand working professionals’ safety, security and comfortability concerns and formulate strategy accordingly.


2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Sadeghi ◽  
Gholamreza Mirsepassi

The Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the Middle East between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf. Iran's total land area is 1 648 000 km2. Its total population in 2003 was about 68 920 000 (UNICEF, 2003). The population growth rate is 1.41%. Of the total population, 60.4% live in urban and 39.6% in rural areas (Yasamy et al, 2001).


Author(s):  
Arindam Banerjee ◽  
Malcolm J. Andrews

A novel gas channel experiment is used to study the non-equilibrium development of high Atwood number Rayleigh-Taylor mixing. Two gas streams, one containing air-helium mixture and the other air, flow parallel to each other separated by a thin splitter plate. The streams meet at the end of a splitter plate leading to the formation of an unstable interface and initiation of buoyancy driven mixing. This set up is statistically steady and allows for long data collection times. Here, we describe initial measurements to determine the density profile and growth rate along the mix at low density differences (At ~ 0.05). The facility is however designed capable of large Atwood number studies (At ~ 0.75). Diagnostics include high resolution digital image analysis, which is used to determine the density profile across the mix. The growth parameter (α) is also estimated by a “moving window” calculation. The results are then verified with measurements of α made by a Constant temperature (CT) hot-wire probe and with the growth parameter obtained from small Atwood number experiments (At ~ 0.001). However, there were some inherent errors in the density profile measurements because of non-uniformity in the concentration of smoke. To verify that these errors were indeed measurement errors and not as a result of lack of statistical convergence, a detailed statistical convergence test was performed. It showed that convergence was a direct consequence of the number of different large 3D structures that were averaged over the duration of the run.


Author(s):  
R. S. Geetha ◽  
P. S. Srikantha Murthy

The present research is mainly based on secondary data and aimed to study dairy cooperatives’ evolution and especially those involving women in Karnataka. The indicators used in study are growth rate and percentages. In India and Karnataka, the analysis indicated that growth in milk production has increased significantly in the past 3 decades and overall, except during 2000-01 to 2009-10 period for Karnataka. As of July, 2020 there were 14 Milk Unions covering all the districts of the state with 14682 Dairy Cooperatives functioning and 25.30 lakh milk producers. Bengaluru and Kolar milk unions are larger unions in the state contributing around 25 per cent to total dairy cooperatives and milk producers in Karnataka, while contributing around 34 per cent to average milk procurement. The wide spread establishment of WDCs was possible in Karnataka through STEP scheme which was implemented by KMF with the support of Government of Karnataka. The total number of WDCs registered in Karnataka is of 4494 and currently functioning ones among them is 4046. Around 60 per cent of WDCs are set up through STEP in Karnataka over the years.


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