scholarly journals Enhancement of Bio-plastic using Eggshells and Chitosan on Potato Starch Based

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.32) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhafezah Kasmuri ◽  
Safwan Muhammad Abu Zait
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Management System ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Biodegradability Test

The extensive production of polymer plastics and their use in different commercial applications had burdened the municipal in cost and operation of the waste management system. This unwanted waste had also posed a significant threat to the environmental surroundings which destroyed biota. Hence, alternatives called bio-plastic evolved as the development of renewable resource by utilizing agricultural, eggshells and exo-skeleton seafood (chitosan) wastes instead of petroleum sources. The aim of this research is to use the eggshells and chitosan as fillers in potato starch to overcome the inherent drawbacks of bio-plastic. The experimental study was done on tensile strength, water absorption and biodegradability for potato starch-based bio-plastic with eggshells or chitosan. The results showed that by adding the eggshells into the potato starch-based bio-plastic had increased the tensile strength by 4.94% compared with chitosan only 1.28%. The reduction of water absorption by 10.95% was determined using eggshells as fillers. Meanwhile, the used of chitosan resulted in 27.59% reduction in water absorption. In eggshells, the weight loss in biodegradability test was 21.06% compared to chitosan of 7.9% within 20 days. It can be concluded that eggshells as fillers performed much better that chitosan in potato starch-based bio-plastic. It also can be deduced that adding fillers in starch-based bio-plastics can improve the bio-plastic performance.

scholarly journals THE UTILIZATION OF PARAGIS GRASS (Eleusine indica) AS CELLULOSE-BASED BIOPLASTIC FILM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Na yad ◽  
Maribel L. ◽  
Is on ◽  
Michael Jomar B ◽  
Ma ningas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Bioplastic Film

The goal of this research is to create biodegradable plastics made from Paragis grass (Eleusine indica) cellulose-pulp that can be used as alternatives to traditional plastics. The bioplastics were made by combining cellulose pulp from paragis grass leaves, sorbitol, acetic acid, and corn starch, with a constant amount of 8g corn starch and varying amounts of cellulose pulp (20g, 30g, and 40g), as well as 10ml sorbitol and 3 ml acetic acid. Collection and processing of paragis grass, cellulose pulp manufacturing, and bioplastic film manufacture were some of the methods used. Tensile strength, biodegradability, water absorption, and water solubility tests are used to characterize bioplastic. The mechanical properties testing shown that bioplastic produced with variation of corn starch to paragis grass cellulose pulp ratio had a tensile strength of 0.549 MPa, 0.878 MPa and 1.03 MPa; elongation at break (%) of 7.33%, 6.97% and 6.54%; biodegradability (weight loss) of 91.65%; 90.05%; and 69.46%; water absorption (weight gain) of 91.80%, 83.06% and 53.74%; and water solubility (weight loss) of 86.96%, 66.46% and54.91% respectively. The study found that Treatment 3 (40g paragis grass) has higher tensile strength (1.03 MPa) and tear strength, ability to degrade in four weeks, low water absorption (53.74%), and water solubility (54.91%).The result showed that cellulose-pulp from Paragis grass leaves could be used to make bioplastic. This research would aid in the reduction of plastic waste that pollutes the Earth’s soil, air, and water, as well as the mitigation of its consequences. It can also help reduce environmental pollution by using biodegradable plastic.

scholarly journals Sustainable Washing for Denim Garments by Enzymatic Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mashiur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md Ibrahim H Mondal ◽  
Md Zulhash Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Color Fading ◽  
Novel Design

Denim garment is the most preferred of today’s youth. This paper presents the effect of enzyme wash using cellulase enzyme on the properties of denim garments to develop novel design and fashion. Three parameters in enzyme washing namely concentration of enzyme, washing temperature and time at pH 5.5 were considered. To investigate the optimum washing condition, indigo dyed cotton denim garments (trousers) were chosen and processed by enzyme with the concentration of 0.5% to 3.5%, temperature 40°C to 70°C and time 20 min to 60 min for the achievement with desired worn and aged effect. The effect of each parameter is discussed, and denim garment’s properties like tensile strength, elongation at break, weight loss, stiffness, water absorption, shrinkage, color fading and morphological values by SEM were evaluated. The optimized washing condition for the best value is 2% enzyme concentration at 55°C for 40 min. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i1.15854 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 1, June 2012: 27-31

Biodegradability Study of Footwear Soling Materials in Simulated Compost Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumita Mukherjee ◽  
T. Loganathan ◽  
Sujata Mandal ◽  
G. Saraswathy
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biodegradability Test

Aim of the present study is to investigate the biodegradability and decomposing properties of footwear soling materials by standard biodegradability test method. Biodegradability tests were performed by aerobic exposure of the selected six soling materials to the soil matrix and measuring the degradation and decomposition occurred with time. All soling materials were characterized for physical and physicochemical properties such as weight loss, hardness, density, tensile strength, abrasion resistance, thermal and morphological properties before and after exposing to the simulated compost environment.  In the present study, the end-of-life nature of footwear soling materials currently used by the footwear industries are explored, which will further emphasize the importance of development and use of biodegradable materials in the footwear manufacturing. 

Chitosan/Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Filled Carbonized Wood Fiber Conductive Composite Film

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 638-644
Author(s):  
Mohd Pisal Mohd Hanif ◽  
Abd Jalil Jalilah ◽  
Mohd Fadzil Hanim Anisah ◽  
Arumugam Tilagavathy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Conductive Composite Film ◽  
Carbonized Wood

Biopolymer-based conductive polymer composites (CPCs) would open up various possibilities in biomedical applications owing to ease of processing, renewable resource and environmentally friendly. However, low mechanical properties are a major issue for their applications. In this study, the investigated the conductivity of chitosan/ PEO blend films filled with carbonized wood fiber (CWF) prepared by solution casting. The effect of CWF was also investigated on tensile properties and their morphological surfaces. The tensile results from different ratios of chitosan/PEO blend films without CWF show that the tensile strength and modulus increased with the increase of chitosan content and chitosan/PEO blend film with 70/30 ratio exhibited the best combination of tensile strength and flexibility. However, a reduction of tensile strength was observed when CWF amount was increased while the modulus of the tensile shows an increment. The film also exhibited higher electrical conductivity as compared to low chitosan ratio. The addition of CWF greatly enhanced the conductivity three-fold from 10-10 to 10-6 S/cm. The electrical conductivity continued to increase with the increase of CWF up to 30wt%. The surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) exhibits the absence of phase separation for the blends indicating good miscibility between the PEO and chitosan. Incorporation of CWF into the blend films at 5wt% showed agglomeration. However, the increase of CWF created larger agglomerations that formed conductive pathways resulting in improved conductivity. FTIR analysis suggested that intermolecular interactions occurred between chitosan and PEO while CWF interacts more with the protons of PEO.

scholarly journals Household Waste Management System Using IoT and Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 1950-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Dubey ◽  
Pushpa Singh ◽  
Piyush Yadav ◽  
Krishna Kant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Household Waste Management
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