scholarly journals Kinetic study of hydrolysis of ethyl acetate using caustic soda

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ghobashy ◽  
Mamdouh Gadallah ◽  
Tamer T.El-Idreesy ◽  
M. A.Sadek ◽  
Hany A.Elazab
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Chemical Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

We report here, the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate by using caustic soda which is followed by means of conductance measurements which is widely used in chemical industry. The main aim of this research is to study the parameters of production of ethyl acetate by chemical reaction kinetics using an anion ion-exchange acting as a catalyst and acid-base titrations. The reaction of ethyl acetate and sodium hydroxide (caustic-soda) is done in a plug-flow reactor (steady-state tubular reactor) under the effect of different parameters including temperature, concentration and flow-rate, which allows the determination of activation energy and rate constants, due to large number of experiments. Factorial design method is used for the calculations of the experiment. It was determined that the order of the reaction is a second-order reaction.  

scholarly journals HPTLC determination of diosgenin in fenugreek seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Król-Kogus ◽  
Khenifi Mohammed Lamine ◽  
Piotr Migas ◽  
Messaoud Boudjeniba ◽  
Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract A new HPTLC-densitometric method for diosgenin determination in fenugreek seeds was established after optimization of the conditions for efficient saponin extraction and acid hydrolysis. Several procedures were tested, the best of which was a three-step Soxhlet extraction, followed by hydrolysis of the obtained methanolic extract with 2 mol L-1 H2SO4. Best diosgenin separation from other hydrolysis products was obtained on HPTLC Si60F254 plates u sing a mixture of n-heptane/ethyl acetate (7:3, V/V) and modified anisaldehyde as a spraying reagent. The method was preliminarily validated and the determined amounts of diosgenin in fenugreek seeds of Polish and African origin were found to be similar and ranged from 0.12-0.18 %.

ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE PLUG FLOW REACTOR FOR DETERMINATION OF ARGININE AND PEANUT MATURITY

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. VALLE-VEGA ◽  
CLYDE T. YOUNG ◽  
H. E. SWAISGOOD
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor

Comparison of Raschig Ring Packing Pattern via Mean Resident Time using CFD Particle Tracing Technique: Dry Methane Reforming for Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattaporn Chutichairattanaphum ◽  
Phavanee Narataruksa ◽  
Karn Pana-Suppamassadu ◽  
Sabaithip Tungkamani ◽  
Chaiwat Prapainainar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Particle Tracing ◽  
Raschig Ring ◽  
Resident Time

This paper aims to study the effect of raschig ring packing patterns using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD module of particle tracing was established to measure particles diffusing through the packed bed. The support raschigs catalyst was modeled in three patterns within a tubular reactor – namely, vertical staggered, chessboard staggered and reciprocal staggered pattern. A case study of Dry Methane Reforming (DMR) was investigated at 600°C, 1 atm. The study of Mean Resident Time (MRT) and E(t) function were investigated to identify the packing pattern performance. The results showed that the minimum value of the E(t), which means the flow behavior, was close to ideal plug flow behavior. MRT can be used to systematically identify the deviation from the ideal plug flow reactor of the three different packing patterns.

Numerical Simulation of NO Conversion in the N2/O2/NO by Dielectric Barrier Discharge

2011 ◽  
Vol 84-85 ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui E Yin
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Plug Flow Reactor ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Chemical Reaction Kinetics ◽  
General Relations ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Oxidation Reactor

The SO2 and NOX from the coal-fired power station are the main gaseous pollutants in the air, which causes acid rain and photochemical smog. However, the two consequences are recognized as one of the most serious global environment problems and must be controlled. The electro-catalysts oxidation technology is capable of oxidized the NO which the wet flue gas desulfurization processes (WFGD) could not achieve this goal, the products from the electro-catalysts oxidation reactor entering the WFGD and to removal then removed simultaneously. In this work, a plug-flow reactors model is presented that can describe the conversion of NOx by the discharge treatment of the exhaust gases at low temperatures and at atmospheric pressure in dielectric barrier reactors. The model takes into account the behavior of a plug-flow reactor are simplified versions of the general relations for conservation of mass, energy, and momentum. The variation regularity of the generated nitrogen oxides, the main free radicals, and the rate of NO produce (ROP) were be analog by take the plug flow reactor (PFR) model of chemical reaction kinetics in the mixed flue gas of N2/NO/O2 , and trying to seek out the dominant reactions relation to production and consumption NO in the non-equilibrium plasma system. The results indicated that the dominant free radical is the O3 in the mixed flue gas of N2/NO/O2.

scholarly journals Digital Twins for Continuous mRNA Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Heribert Helgers ◽  
Alina Hengelbrock ◽  
Axel Schmidt ◽  
Jochen Strube
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
In Vitro Transcription ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

The global coronavirus pandemic continues to restrict public life worldwide. An effective means of limiting the pandemic is vaccination. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines currently available on the market have proven to be a well-tolerated and effective class of vaccine against coronavirus type 2 (CoV2). Accordingly, demand is presently outstripping mRNA vaccine production. One way to increase productivity is to switch from the currently performed batch to continuous in vitro transcription, which has proven to be a crucial material-consuming step. In this article, a physico-chemical model of in vitro mRNA transcription in a tubular reactor is presented and compared to classical batch and continuous in vitro transcription in a stirred tank. The three models are validated based on a distinct and quantitative validation workflow. Statistically significant parameters are identified as part of the parameter determination concept. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the model is precise, with a deviation of less than 1%. The advantages of continuous production are pointed out compared to batchwise in vitro transcription by optimization of the space–time yield. Improvements of a factor of 56 (0.011 µM/min) in the case of the continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and 68 (0.013 µM/min) in the case of the plug flow reactor (PFR) were found.

scholarly journals Determination of flavones in species of Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) from Macedonian flora

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kulevanova ◽  
Marina Stefova ◽  
Tatjana Kadifkova Panovska ◽  
Jasmina Tonic ◽  
Trajce Stafilov
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Assay of flavonoids in extracts of seven Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) species from Macedonia including identification and quantification was performed. Extracts obtained after hydrolysis of air dried samples (A1) were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Luteolin and apigenin were identified in comparison to authentic standard substances. The content of total flavonoids in plant samples determined by UV-Vis spectrometry (with AlCl3) ranged from 0.05-0.13 %. Two other extracts were prepared by extraction with a mixture of ethanol:water (7:3, V/V), evaporation until only water remained and extraction first with diethylether (A2) and secondly with ethyl acetate (A3). The content of flavonoids in diethyl-ether and ethyl acetate extracts ranged from 52.5-244.4 mg·ml-1 and 48.7 -117.5 mg·ml-1, respectively. For quantification of luteolin and total flavonoids the HPLC method was applied, using reverse phase column C18, mobile phase consisting of 5% acetic acid and methanol in gradient elution mode and column temperature set to 40 o C. The content of luteolin in the plant samples ranged from 0.23-0.48 % (m/m), while the content of total flavonoids was found to be 0.26-0.52 %.

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