scholarly journals Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of cephradine (Atocef Forte®) in healthy and colisepticemic broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aboubakr ◽  
Mohamed Elbadawy
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Body Clearance

The pharmacokinetics (after single intravenous and oral dose) and tissue residues (orally and daily for five days) of cephradine (20 mg/kg b.wt.) were investigated in healthy and experimentally E.coli infected broiler chickens. Following single intravenous injection to healthy chickens, cephradine obeyed a two compartments open model and the elimination half-life (t1/2β), volume of distribution (Vdss) and total body clearance (CLtot) of cephradine were 2.93 h, 321.5 ml/kg and 0.08 L/h/kg, respectively. Following single oral administration of cephradine to healthy chickens, the peak serum concentration (Cmax) of it was 26.7 µg/mL and achieved (Tmax) at 2.41 h. The oral bioavailability of cephradine was 87.7%. Cephradine was assayed in kidney, liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, breast muscle, thigh muscle and skin after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after last dose. On conclusion, cephradine is a good choice for treatment of colisepticemia in chickens due to its higher oral bioavailability and distribution.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Piperacillin Administration in Patients Undergoing On-Line Hemodiafiltration

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 3266-3268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kook-Hwan Oh ◽  
Chiweon Kim ◽  
Hankyu Lee ◽  
Hajeong Lee ◽  
Ji Yong Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Total Body Clearance ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Clearance

ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetic characteristics of piperacillin sodium were studied in five volunteers undergoing on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF). The subjects were given 2 g of piperacillin sodium intravenously over 1 min and placed on on-line HDF for 4 h starting at 60 min after the piperacillin infusion. Noncompartmental models were employed for estimation of the pharmacokinetic parameters, and intradialytic piperacillin clearance was calculated by the recovery method. The mean volume of distribution and the elimination half-life were 0.27 ± 0.13 liter/kg (mean ± standard deviation) and 1.1 ± 0.6 h, respectively. The total body clearance of piperacillin was 0.19 ± 0.08 liter/h/kg. Piperacillin clearance through on-line HDF was 0.11 ± 0.06 liter/h/kg. The mean serum piperacillin concentration was 4.0 ± 1.9 μg/ml at the end of the 4-h on-line HDF session. The concentration of infused piperacillin recovered in the dialysate was 527 ± 236 mg (26.3% ± 11.8%). We suggest the replacement of 500 mg of piperacillin after each on-line HDF session.

Individualization of Theophylline Dosage in Adults with Bronchial Asthma

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 704-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Otero ◽  
Miguel Barrueco ◽  
Eduardo L. Marino ◽  
Francisco Gomez ◽  
Alfonso Dominguez-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Total Body Clearance ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Dosage Regimens ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Apparent Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Body Clearance

The influence of age on the disposition of theophylline was studied in 95 adult patients (nonsmokers) with bronchial asthma requiring oral theophylline therapy: 17 patients age ≥39 years, 50 patients age 40–59 years, and 28 patients < 60 years. A decrease was observed in total body clearance together with an increase in the elimination half-life of theophylline parallel to the advance in age of the patients. The apparent volume of distribution of theophylline was similar in the three groups of patients. According to the results obtained, recommendations are made regarding the dosage regimens of theophylline in elderly patients.

Dose-Ranging Pharmacokinetic Study of Ciprofloxacin after 200-, 300-, and 400-mg Intravenous Doses

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Nix ◽  
J. Michael Spivey ◽  
Allyn Norman ◽  
Jerome J. Schentag
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Total Body Clearance ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Venous Irritation ◽  
Body Clearance

OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of ciprofloxacin after the administration of single intravenous doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg. DESIGN: Double-blind, three-period, randomized, crossover trial. SETTING: Private, university-affiliated, hospital-based, clinical research center. PATIENTS: Normal healthy male volunteers, 18–40 years of age. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects received 200-, 300-, and 400-mg single intravenous doses of ciprofloxacin via 30-minute infusions in random sequence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum ciprofloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC after each dose and the results were used to derive pharmacokinetic parameters. Tolerance was assessed by reported and observed adverse events, urine microscopic examinations for crystals, and examination of intravenous infusion sites. RESULTS: The mean area under the time curve (AUC) values displayed linearity with respect to the administered dose. No statistical differences were observed in total body clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, or elimination half-life with respect to dose administered. The mean total body clearance, steady-state volume of distribution, or elimination half-life ranged from 36 to 41 L/h, 146 to 169 L, and 3.5 to 3.7 h for the 200-, 300-, and 400-mg doses, respectively. Adverse effects, including venous irritation (four subjects) and crystalluria (two subjects), were mild and did not require withdrawal of any subject from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous ciprofloxacin in doses ranging from 200 to 400 mg demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics. These single doses were well tolerated, although cases of transient venous irritation and crystalluria were observed.

scholarly journals Disposition Kinetic of Moxifloxacin following Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Subcutaneous Administration in Goats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Harshad B. Patel ◽  
Shailesh K. Mody ◽  
Hitesh B. Patel ◽  
Vipul A. Patel ◽  
Urvesh D. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Total Body Clearance ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Clearance

The present study was carried out to investigate disposition kinetics of moxifloxacin following single-dose intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg of body weight (b.wt.) in goats. Plasma samples collected after treatments were analyzed for drug concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After i.v. administration, distribution of the drug was rapid and wide as reflected by high steady-state volume of distribution. Drug elimination was relatively faster with a total body clearance of 0.59±0.03 L/h/kg. Following i.m. injection, the drug has shown the rapid and near-to-complete absorption with bioavailability of 98.20±3.96 per cent. The maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) of 1.21±0.04 μg/mL was attained at 1 h (Tmax). The drug was widely distributed as reflected by high apparent volume of distribution. The elimination half-life (t1/2β) of the drug was 6.26±0.08  h. Following s.c. administration, the drug was rapidly absorbed (Cmax: 1.16±0.02 μg/mL; tmax: 1 h) and slowly eliminated from the body. The elimination half-life and total body clearance (ClB) were 5.61±0.10 h and 0.60±0.03 L/h/kg, respectively. The bioavailability of moxifloxacin following s.c. administration was 90.44±3.96 per cent.

Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin Following Oral Administration in Piperine, Quercetin Alone and Both in Combination Pretreated Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.B. Patel ◽  
U.D. Patel ◽  
C.M. Modi ◽  
V.C. Ladumor ◽  
C.N. Makwana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Combined Pretreatment ◽  
Apparent Volume Of Distribution

Background: Various antibacterial drugs are substrates for drug metabolizing enzymes. They suffer from reduced bioavailability after oral administration in chickens. Herbal bio-enhancers increased the absorption of co-administered drugs. Hence, present study was planned to explore the bio-enhancing effect of piperine and quercetin pretreatment on pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after oral administration in broiler chickens.Methods: The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin was investigated following single dose (5 mg/kg) oral administration in piperine, quercetin alone and both in combination pretreated (10 mg/kg each, oral, 3 days) broiler chickens. The concentrations of marbofloxacin in plasma samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.Result: Following single oral administration of marbofloxacin, elimination half-lives (t1/2β) were 6.23 ± 1.01, 5.69 ± 0.39 and 7.71 ± 0.59 h in piperine, quercetin and both in combination pretreated chickens, respectively. The elimination half-life (t1/2β), apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area)/F) and mean residence time (MRT) were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in combination pretreated chickens as compared to piperine and quercetin alone groups. Piperine and quercetin combined pretreatment has improved the pharmacokinetics profile of marbofloxacin after oral administration in broiler chickens. Findings of the study are expedient for the development of protocol for use of bio-enhancers with antibiotics in broiler chickens.

Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin following intravenousadministration in febrile goats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meemansha Sharma ◽  
Vinod Kumar Dumka
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Total Body Clearance ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Open Model ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Common ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Compartment Open Model ◽  
Body Clearance

Disposition of antimicrobials is known to be altered during disease conditions and fever is one of the common manifestations of bacterial infections in animals. The disposition of lincomycin (10 mg/kg, IV) during Echerichia coli endotoxin-induced fever in goats followed two compartment open model and drug was detected in plasma up to 8 h. The high AUC (39.5±6.21 mg.h/mL) indicated good antibacterial activity of lincomycin in goats. The volume of distribution and total body clearance were 3.35±0.45 L/kg and 0.28±0.03 L/h/kg, respectively. The long elimination half life 9.93± 2.83 h indicated persistence of drug for longer period in body. Lincomycin, is suggested to be repeated at 24 h interval for organisms sensitive to lincomycin having MIC up to 0.6 µg/mL for the treatment of bacterial infections manifested with fever in goats.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Isepamicin during Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2409-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Breilh ◽  
Bernard Allaouchiche ◽  
Hélène Jaumain ◽  
Paul Boulétreau ◽  
Dominique Chassard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Initial Dosage ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration ◽  
Concentration Peak ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Clearance

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the pharmacokinetics of isepamicin during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Six patients received 15 mg of isepamicin per kg of body weight. The mean isepamicin concentration peak in serum was 62.88 ± 18.20 mg/liter 0.5 h after the infusion. The elimination half-life was 7.91 ± 0.83 h. The mean total body clearance was 1.75 ± 0.28 liters/h, and dialysate outlet (DO) clearance was 2.76 ± 0.59 liters/h. The mean volume of distribution was 19.83 ± 2.95 liters. The elimination half-life, DO clearance, and volume of distribution were almost constant. In this group of patients, the initial dosage of 15 mg/kg appeared to be adequate, but the dosage interval should be determined by monitoring residual isepamicin concentrations in plasma.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics, tissue residues and efficacy of D-Tylo50/25® (tylosin-doxycycline combination) in broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aboubakr ◽  
Mohamed Elbadawy
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Tissue Penetration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Complete Absorption ◽  
Kidney Liver

Background: Pharmacokinetic study of a commercial tylosin-doxycycline combination product (D-Tylo50/25®) was conducted in broiler chickens following intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at doses of 50 mg/kgb. wt. (tylosin) and 25 mg/kg b. wt. (doxycycline).Methods: Serum drug concentrations were determined by a validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using UV detection.Results: A rapid and nearly complete absorption of both drugs with a mean PO bioavailability of 89.16% (tylosin) and 94.30% (doxycycline), prolonged elimination half-lives, and high tissue penetration with steady state volume of distribution of 6.73L/kg (tylosin) and 5.51L/kg (doxycycline) were observed. Tissue residues were studied following oral administration of each drug alone for fiveconsecutive days and blood and tissue samples were obtained for 10 days after the last dose. Residues of tylosin and doxycyclines showed that kidney, liver and lung contained highest drug residues and completely disappeared from those tissues at 5 and 6 days after the last oral dose, respectively. The efficacies of D-Tylo50/25® and other antibiotics (tiamulin and oxytetracyline) were investigated in broiler chicks experimentally infected by Mycoplasma gallisepticum.Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of both drugs was characterized by a rapid and complete absorption, extensive tissue distribution and slow elimination. D-Tylo50/25® is more effective than tiamulin and oxytetracycline against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broilers.

scholarly journals Bioavailability pharmacokinetics and residues of marbofloxacin in normal and E.coli infected broiler chicken

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Ashraf El-Komy ◽  
Taha Attia ◽  
Amera Abd El Latif ◽  
Hanem Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Serum ◽  
Elimination Half Life ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Total Body

The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin was studied following a single intravenous, oral administration in normal broiler chickens and repeated oral administrations in normal and experimentally E.coli infected broiler chickens. The pharmacokinetic parameters following a single intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg b.wt., revealed that marbofloxacin obeyed a two compartments open model, distribution half-life (t0.5(α)) was 0.25±0.02 h, volume of distribution (Vdss) was 0.76±0.08 L/kg, elimination half-life (t0.5(β)) was 5.43±0.87 h and total body clearance (CLtot) was 0.09±0.002 l/kg/h. Following a single oral administration, marbofloxacin was rapidly and efficiently absorbed through gastrointestinal tract of chickens as the absorption half-life (t0.5 (ab): 0.62±0.02 h). Maximum serum concentration (Cmax) was 1.15±0.01 μg/ml, reached its maximum time (tmax) at 2.53±0.04 h, elimination half-life (t0.5 (el)) was 7.36±0.20 h indicating the tendency of chickens to eliminate marbofloxacin in slow rate. Oral bioavailability was 73.57± 1.90 % indicating good absorption of marbofloxacin after oral administration. Serum concentrations of marbofloxacin following repeated oral administration of 2 mg/kg b.wt. once daily for five consecutive days, peaked 2 hours after each oral dose with lower significant values recorded in experimentally infected broiler chickens than in normal ones. Tissues residues of marbofloxacin in slaughtered normal chickens was highly in those tissues lung, liver, and kidneys in chickens and the chicken must not be slaughtered before 3 days of stopping of drug administration. It was concluded that the in- vitro protein binding was 12.33±0.82%.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline in fasted and nonfasted broiler chickens

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Laczay ◽  
G. Semjén ◽  
J. Lehel ◽  
G. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Absolute Bioavailability ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Maximal Plasma ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Total Body

The pharmacokinetics and the influence of food on the kinetic profile and bioavailability of doxycycline was studied after a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral dose of 10.0 mg/kg body weight in 7-week-old broiler chickens. Following i.v. administration the drug was rapidly distributed in the body with a distribution half-life of 0.21 ± 0.01 h. The elimination half-life of 6.78 ± 0.06 h was relatively long and resulted from both a low total body clearance of 0.139 ± 0.007 L/h·kg and a large volume of distribution of 1.36 ± 0.06 L/kg. After oral administration to fasted chickens, the absorption of doxycycline was quite fast and substantial as shown by the absorption half-life of 0.39 ± 0.03 h, the maximal plasma concentration of 4.47 ± 0.16 —g/mL and the time to reach the Cmax of 1.73 ± 0.06 h. The distribution and the final elimination of the drug were slower than after i.v. administration. The absolute bioavailability was 73.4 ± 2.5%. The presence of food in the intestinal tract reduced and extended the absorption (t1/2a = 1.23 ± 0.21 h; Cmax = 3.07 ± 0.23 µg/mL; tmax = 3.34 ± 0.21 h). The absolute bioavailability was reduced to 61.1% ± 4.4%.

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