scholarly journals PO-296 Sex differences in the change of amino acid and cortisol concentration after marathon race

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Zhou ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Yutao Du
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Nutrition Supplement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Supply

Objective As we all know, marathon exercise can induce dramatic changes in amino acid and hormone concentration in the plasma. However, little attention has been given to the role of sex in metabolic changes. Methods We compared the changing rates of amino acid and hormone after marathon running in male and female runners. Twenty-seven female (mean age: 41±15 years) and 66 male (mean age: 40±16 years) non-professional runners performed a marathon race. Amino acid and cortisol levels were assessed before and at 1h after race. Results At pre-race and post-race, cortisol concentrations in female runners were lower than in males. Cortisol increased in all subjects at post-race but the rising rate was substantially higher (P<0.05) in females [median (range): 3.5 (21~ -0.25)] than in males [median (range): 2.09 (14.3~-0.43)]. Post-race, the glycogenic amino acid concentrations of Arg, Asn, Gly, Ile, Met, Ser and Thr were significantly decreased in females and males. But females have higher decreased rate (P<0.02) [median (range):Arg -45% (12%~ -69%), Asn -42% (25%~ -72%), Gly -45% (5%~ -73%), Ile -35% (16%~ -64%), Met -28% (48%~ -62%), Ser -34% (17%~ -58%), Thr -33%(32%~ -52%)] than males [median (range):Arg -35% (65%~ -64%), Asn -29%(46% ~ -59%), Gly -33% (13%~ -64%), Ile -23% (37%~ -57%), Met -14% (92%~ -52%), Ser -23% ( 21%~ -56%), Thr -17% ( 84%~ -58%)]. This is because, during exercise, cortisol has the function of inducing gluconeogenesis to maintain plasma glucose supply. Conclusions There is significant sex differences in the change of cortisol and some glycogenic amino acid concentration before and after marathon race, which has potential value for training and nutrition supplement in marathon running.

Brain amino acid concentrations during diving and acid-base stress in turtles

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1751-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Hitzig ◽  
M. P. Kneussl ◽  
V. Shih ◽  
R. D. Brandstetter ◽  
H. Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Neurotransmitters ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ventilatory Drive ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Brain Amino Acid

To assess the role of brain amino acid neurotransmitters in the breath hold of diving animals, concentrations of free amino acids present in the brains of turtles immediately after 2 h of apneic diving (at 20 degrees C) were measured. Additionally, the same measurements were performed on four other groups of animals subjected to 2 h of hypercapnia (8% CO2 in air), anoxia (N2 breathing), anoxia plus hypercapnia (8% CO2–92% N2), or air breathing (control). Significant changes in the concentrations of the inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters known to affect respiration [gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and taurine] were seen. GABA increased significantly in those animals subjected to anoxia, whereas taurine decreased significantly in the diving animals and increased significantly in those subjected to anoxia plus hypercapnia. These results suggest that the attenuated central ventilatory drive during diving in these animals may be related to alterations in brain concentrations of GABA and taurine.

scholarly journals Sex differences in Alzheimer’s-related Tau biomarkers and a mediating effect of testosterone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Sundermann ◽  
Matthew S. Panizzon ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Murray Andrews ◽  
Douglas Galasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Women show greater pathological Tau biomarkers than men along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum, particularly among apolipoprotein ε-E4 (APOE4) carriers; however, the reason for this sex difference in unknown. Sex differences often indicate an underlying role of sex hormones. We examined whether testosterone levels might influence this sex difference and the modifying role of APOE4 status. Analyses included 172 participants (25 cognitively normal, 97 mild cognitive impairment, 50 AD participants) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (34% female, 54% APOE4+, aged 55–90). We examined the separate and interactive effects of plasma testosterone levels and APOE4 on cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated-tau181 (p-Tau) levels in the overall sample, and the sex difference in p-Tau levels before and after adjusting for testosterone. A significant APOE4-by-testosterone interaction revealed that lower testosterone levels related to higher p-Tau levels among APOE4 carriers regardless of sex. As expected, women had higher p-Tau levels than men among APOE4 carriers only, yet this difference was eliminated upon adjustment for testosterone. Results suggest that testosterone is protective against p-Tau particularly among APOE4 carriers. The lower testosterone levels that typically characterize women may predispose them to pathological Tau, particularly among female APOE4 carriers.

Plasma amino acid concentrations in normal volunteers before and after TPN and following enteral refeeding

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. A719
Author(s):  
AL Buchman ◽  
A Moukarzel ◽  
JD Kopple ◽  
SR Vijayaraghavan ◽  
ME Ament
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Changes in Foliar Proline Concentration of Osmotically Stressed Barley

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina V. Kocheva ◽  
Georgi I. Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Post Stress

The amino acid proline is accumulated in plant tissues in response to a variety of stresses. The existence of two routes for its biosynthesis is well documented. However, little is known about the contribution of each pathway to the accumulation of free proline under stress conditions. In the present study young barley plants were subjected to osmotic stress by treating their roots with 25% polyethylene glycol. Prior to stress imposition roots were incubated for 24 h in nutrient solution containing proline or one of its metabolic precursors: glutamate and ornithine. Free proline quantity in the leaves was measured before and after stress. Relative water content (RWC) was used as a measure of the plant water status. Foliar proline levels showed a significant increase in ornithine- and proline-pretreated plants compared to the control. Nevertheless, no considerable changes in leaf RWC were observed. It was shown that before stress application only ornithine but not glutamate was immediately metabolized to proline. Under stress conditions, however, both precursors were converted into proline. The possible role of this amino acid in the processes of post stress recovery is discussed.

Diurnal Changes in Amino Acid Concentrations in Riesling and Chardonnay Grape Juices and a Possible Role of Sunlight

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
J. Harada ◽  
Y. Endo ◽  
M. Hisamoto ◽  
F. Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Grape Juices ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

scholarly journals Involvement of d-amino acid oxidase in elimination of free d-amino acids in mice

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Nagata ◽  
R Konno ◽  
Y Yasumura ◽  
T Akino
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Serum And Urine

The physiological role of D-amino acid oxidase was investigated by using mutant ddY/DAO- mice lacking the enzyme. Free D-amino acid concentrations in the mutant mice were significantly higher than those of control ddY/DAO+ mice in kidney, liver, lung, heart, brain, erythrocytes, serum and urine. The results suggest that the enzyme is involved in the catabolism of free D-amino acids in the body, and that free D-amino acids are also excreted into urine.

Serum Amino Acid Concentrations in Nine Athletes Before and After the 1993 Colmar Ultra Triathlon

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lehmann ◽  
M. Huonker ◽  
F. Dimeo ◽  
N. Heinz ◽  
U. Gastmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

scholarly journals The effect of an oral glucose load on serum free amino acid concentrations in children before and after treatment for kwashiorkor

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Grimble ◽  
R. G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Substrate Limitation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

1. The mechanisms by which an oral dose of glucose can stimulate the uptake of essential amino acids from serum was found to be operative even in children with severe, untreated kwashiorkor.2. Although the percentage fall in the concentration of the essential amino acids in response to glucose was the same before and after treatment, the absolute fall was greater on discharge. The results indicated that the magnitude of this fall might depend on the initial fasting concentration of each individual amino acid.3. These results have been discussed on the basis of possible long-term pathological effects of a distorted serum amino acid pattern typified by low concentrations of valine, leucine and threonine. The protein-sparing action of carbohydrate, achieved by the preferential synthesis of muscle protein in response to insulin secretion, might be less effective because of substrate limitation.4. Of the non-essential amino acids, the concentrations of alanine and glycine also fell markedly before treatment, but this did not occur on discharge. The significance of this difference is also discussed.5. The results also indicate that slightly high, spurious amino acid ratios can be obtained if a child is given a drink containing sugar before a blood sample is taken.

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