Changes in Foliar Proline Concentration of Osmotically Stressed Barley

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina V. Kocheva ◽  
Georgi I. Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Post Stress

The amino acid proline is accumulated in plant tissues in response to a variety of stresses. The existence of two routes for its biosynthesis is well documented. However, little is known about the contribution of each pathway to the accumulation of free proline under stress conditions. In the present study young barley plants were subjected to osmotic stress by treating their roots with 25% polyethylene glycol. Prior to stress imposition roots were incubated for 24 h in nutrient solution containing proline or one of its metabolic precursors: glutamate and ornithine. Free proline quantity in the leaves was measured before and after stress. Relative water content (RWC) was used as a measure of the plant water status. Foliar proline levels showed a significant increase in ornithine- and proline-pretreated plants compared to the control. Nevertheless, no considerable changes in leaf RWC were observed. It was shown that before stress application only ornithine but not glutamate was immediately metabolized to proline. Under stress conditions, however, both precursors were converted into proline. The possible role of this amino acid in the processes of post stress recovery is discussed.

Dehydrins in Lupinus albus: pattern of protein accumulation in response to drought

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Pinheiro ◽  
Maria H. Cruz de Carvalho ◽  
Dorothea Bartels ◽  
Cândido Pinto Ricardo ◽  
M. Manuela Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mrna Analysis

Dehydrins (DHNs) are proteins that accumulate abundantly in various plant tissues in response to environmental stresses and during seed maturation, possibly assisting cells in tolerating dehydration. White lupins (Lupinus albus L.) are able to withstand periods of severe water deficit (WD) and previous work suggested that the stem plays a central role as a survival structure. To investigate DHNs involvement in this strategy, we studied tissue specific protein accumulation of a RAB16-like DHN in lupin during a progressive WD and early recovery. Differences were found between leaves, stems and roots. In leaves and roots, the accumulation of the RAB16-like DHN was independent of the water status whereas in the stem (cortex and stele), DHNs were only detected under severe plant WD (stele relative water content, RWC, reduction of 6–7% and cortex RWC reduction of 20%). DHN mRNA analysis by RT–PCR, showed the presence of one DHN mRNA regardless of the tissue or the plant water status.

scholarly journals Role of Accumulated Calcium in Alleviating Aluminum Injury in Wheat Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alamgir Hossain ◽  
M. Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
A. K. M. Zakir Hossain ◽  
Mohd. Razi Ismail ◽  
H. Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Apoplastic Fluid ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Very High

Aluminum (Al) sensitive wheat cultivar kalyansona was grown for 14 d in a range of Ca solution (125, 625, and 2500 μM) plus other nutrients without Al. At 14 d after Ca treatment, half of these plants were harvested (H1), and the rest of the plants were exposed to 100 μM Al for additional 6 d and harvested (H2). Severe Al injury was found only in the plants with the lowest supply of Ca before Al treatment. Aluminum concentration in the apoplastic fluid was very high at 125 μM Ca probably because the plasma membrane of some of the cells was destroyed due to the attack of 100 μM Al. Aluminum content in roots decreased with increasing supply of Ca before Al treatment. Calcium content decreased drastically at harvest (H2) in the plants with 100 μM Al. Under Al stress conditions, the plant responded to Al in different ways due to not only the different Ca supply but also the variation of Ca content in the plant tissues. Actually, the plants having the largest Ca content in the roots before Al treatment can receive less Al injury during Al treatment. To substantiate this idea, a companion study was conducted to investigate the effects of 2500 μM Ca supply during, before, and after 100 μM Al treatment on root growth. The results indicated clearly that exogenous Ca supply before Al treatment is able to alleviate Al injury but less effective than Ca supply during Al treatment.

Physiological and anatomical responses of wheat to induced dehydration and rehydration

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-503
Author(s):  
Konstantina Kocheva ◽  
Peter Petrov ◽  
Georgi Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Relative Water

AbstractHydroponically grown wheat seedlings of two prominent Bulgarian cultivars (Katya and Prelom) were subjected to 48 h osmotic stress with PEG 8000 and were then rehydrated. The degree of stress was evaluated by monitoring relative water content, lipid peroxidation level, and accumulation of free proline and hydrogen peroxide in the leaves. Anatomy and ultrastructure of leaf tissue were observed under light microscopy. After imposition of stress, drought tolerant cultivar Katya displayed higher free proline content and significantly lower malondialdehyde and peroxide concentration in leaves than in the leaves of susceptible cultivar Prelom. After 24 h of rehydration Katya showed better ability to restore leaf water status and an apparent tendency towards recovery, whereas Prelom sustained higher levels of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation products and free proline and markedly low relative water content. Here, we have uncovered some of the characteristics displayed by cultivar Katya that enable it to survive and recover from severe osmotic stress. Interestingly, there was congruence between our results and the high level of cultivar Katya drought tolerance observed in the field.

scholarly journals The Role of Free Proline and Soluble Carbohydrates in Water Gypsum Stress on Some Gypsophyte and Gypsovag Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. OZDENIZ
Keyword(s):  
Stress Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to identify the roles of free proline and soluble carbohydrates in water gypsum stress. This study is the first such study on gypsophyte and gypsovag plants. For this purpose, free proline and soluble carbohydrate contents in gypsophyteand gypsovag plants have been analyzed. It is known that proline increases under stress conditions and it is a nitrogen-containing compound with protective properties contributing to durability understress. Soluble carbohydrates accumulating under stress conditions, on the other hand, take on the protective task of regulating cell osmotic density. In gypsophytes, free proline is proportionally high (Ch/Pr:1.5 to 9.3) and the amount of soluble carbohydrates is low. In gypsovag individuals growing on gypsum, proline is proportionally low (Ch/Pr:25.5 to 9.2), but soluble carbohydrates are high. It is found that in gypsovag individuals growing on mediums other than gypsum, the amount of proline increases (Ch/Pr:11.6 to 8.5), but the proportion of soluble carbohydrate decreases. Accordingly, while gypsophytes adapt themselves to high proline amounts in response to water gypsum stress and gypsovags develop resistance to water gypsum stress with high amounts of soluble carbohydrates, it is observed that the Ch/Pr ratio in non-gypsum soils decreases.

scholarly journals PO-296 Sex differences in the change of amino acid and cortisol concentration after marathon race

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Zhou ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Yutao Du
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Nutrition Supplement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Supply

Objective As we all know, marathon exercise can induce dramatic changes in amino acid and hormone concentration in the plasma. However, little attention has been given to the role of sex in metabolic changes. Methods We compared the changing rates of amino acid and hormone after marathon running in male and female runners. Twenty-seven female (mean age: 41±15 years) and 66 male (mean age: 40±16 years) non-professional runners performed a marathon race. Amino acid and cortisol levels were assessed before and at 1h after race. Results At pre-race and post-race, cortisol concentrations in female runners were lower than in males. Cortisol increased in all subjects at post-race but the rising rate was substantially higher (P<0.05) in females [median (range): 3.5 (21~ -0.25)] than in males [median (range): 2.09 (14.3~-0.43)]. Post-race, the glycogenic amino acid concentrations of Arg, Asn, Gly, Ile, Met, Ser and Thr were significantly decreased in females and males. But females have higher decreased rate (P<0.02) [median (range):Arg -45% (12%~ -69%), Asn -42% (25%~ -72%), Gly -45% (5%~ -73%), Ile -35% (16%~ -64%), Met -28% (48%~ -62%), Ser -34% (17%~ -58%), Thr -33%(32%~ -52%)] than males [median (range):Arg -35% (65%~ -64%), Asn -29%(46% ~ -59%), Gly -33% (13%~ -64%), Ile -23% (37%~ -57%), Met -14% (92%~ -52%), Ser -23% ( 21%~ -56%), Thr -17% ( 84%~ -58%)]. This is because, during exercise, cortisol has the function of inducing gluconeogenesis to maintain plasma glucose supply. Conclusions There is significant sex differences in the change of cortisol and some glycogenic amino acid concentration before and after marathon race, which has potential value for training and nutrition supplement in marathon running.

scholarly journals Roots of Lucerne Seedlings are More Resilient to a Water Deficit than Leaves or Stems

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Zhong Luo ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Guijun Yan ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
Neil Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Rainout Shelter ◽  
Proline Concentration

Drought is one of the most harmful environmental stresses affecting the physiological, biochemical processes and growth of plants. Lucerne or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), one of the most popular pasture species in arid and semi-arid regions, plays a critical role in sustaining agricultural systems in many areas of the world. In order to evaluate the effect of water shortage on water status, biomass distribution and proline content, the relative water content (RWC), biomass and proline concentration in the leaves, stems and roots of lucerne seedlings under three different water regimes were studied in pots under a rainout shelter. The results showed that after water was withheld, the RWC of the different organs decreased significantly; at the same soil water content, the leaf RWC was higher than that of the stem and root. The biomass of the leaves, stems and roots were all reduced by water stress, while the root–shoot ratio increased indicating that the roots were less affected than the leaves and stems. Proline concentration increased with decreasing soil water content with the leaf proline concentration increasing more than that of stems and roots. These results indicate that roots of lucerne seedlings show greater resilience to water deficits than shoots.

scholarly journals Free prolin content in Arabidopsis thaliana Cat2 and Cat3 knockout mutants under salt stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Didenko ◽  
I. M. Buzduga ◽  
R. A. Volkov ◽  
I. I. Panchuk
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Knockout Line

Aim. In plants, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic environmental stress resistance mechanisms function in a concerted manner, but the role of specific isoforms of antioxidant enzymes and their relationship to low molecular weight protective compounds is poorly understood. To investigate this question free proline levels were compared under salt stress conditions in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and knockout mutants for the catalase genes Cat2 and Cat3. Methods. Free proline content was measured under various treatments of plants with sodium chloride. Results. It was shown that under salt stress conditions free proline increase is impaired in leaves of mutants lacking CAT2 and CAT3 activity. In addition, cat3 knockout line shows a reduced basal level of proline under non-stress conditions. Conclusions. Suppression of response to salt stress points to a possible link between the rearrangement of the antioxidant system in the Cat genes knockouts and the regulation of protective cellular response to salt stress.Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, knockout mutants, catalase, proline, sodium chloride.

scholarly journals Effect of Tytanit® on the Physiological Activity of Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) Grown in Salinity Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Alicja Auriga ◽  
Jacek Wróbel ◽  
Ireneusz Ochmian
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Wild Strawberry ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Phenological Phases

AbstractProgressive global warming and decreasing freshwater resources are forcing to look for alternative solutions in plants cultivation. The use of saltwater and cultivation in saline areas becomes increasingly common. Wild strawberry is a rich source of antioxidant compounds beneficial for human health. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Tytanit® on the physiological activity of wild strawberry grown under different salinity levels (32.5, 50 and 100 mM L−1 NaCl). Assimilatory pigments content, free proline concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence and relative water content were measured at two phenological phases BBCH 15 and 60. Results analysis revealed that the applicability of Tytanit® to mitigate physiological stress in wild strawberry caused by salinity did not produce the desired effect.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

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