Rapid production of therapeutic proteins using plant system

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathish Kumar Ramalingam ◽  
G. Iyappan ◽  
S. Hari Priya ◽  
K. Kadirvelu ◽  
J. Kingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Farming ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Plant Molecular Farming ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Plant molecular farming is simply defined as the production of proteins therapeutics (PT) in plants, which involves transient gene expression in plants and purification of expressed protein to a great scale for diagnosis, treatment and other applications.  This is therapid,economical, safe and reproducible approach for the production of PTas compared to bacterial and mammalian systems. Protein yield and post-translational modifications are the major roadblocks that can be overcome byhigh expression strategies includes over expression constructs, suitable plant host systems and glycoengineering of proteins. The inherent ability of ideally producing safe, functional protein is the most striking phenomenon recognized by the pharmaceutical industries and developed many therapeutic products within few weeks to meet escalating demands during pandemic/epidemic outbreaks recently

scholarly journals Engineering Approaches in Plant Molecular Farming for Global Health

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Advaita Acarya Singh ◽  
Priyen Pillay ◽  
Tsepo Lebiletsa Tsekoa
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Molecular Farming ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Plant Molecular Farming ◽  
Complex Protein ◽  
Protein Vaccines

Since the demonstration of the first plant-produced proteins of medical interest, there has been significant growth and interest in the field of plant molecular farming, with plants now being considered a viable production platform for vaccines. Despite this interest and development by a few biopharmaceutical companies, plant molecular farming is yet to be embraced by ‘big pharma’. The plant system offers a faster alternative, which is a potentially more cost-effective and scalable platform for the mass production of highly complex protein vaccines, owing to the high degree of similarity between the plant and mammalian secretory pathway. Here, we identify and address bottlenecks in the use of plants for vaccine manufacturing and discuss engineering approaches that demonstrate both the utility and versatility of the plant production system as a viable biomanufacturing platform for global health. Strategies for improving the yields and quality of plant-produced vaccines, as well as the incorporation of authentic posttranslational modifications that are essential to the functionality of these highly complex protein vaccines, will also be discussed. Case-by-case examples are considered for improving the production of functional protein-based vaccines. The combination of all these strategies provides a basis for the use of cutting-edge genome editing technology to create a general plant chassis with reduced host cell proteins, which is optimised for high-level protein production of vaccines with the correct posttranslational modifications.

A Review on Important Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) Enzymes as Targets for Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghanbari ◽  
Reza Safaralizadeh ◽  
Kiyanoush Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Increase Gene Expression

At the present time, cancer is one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. There are various factors involved in the development of cancer, including genetic factors, lifestyle, nutrition, and so on. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic factors have a critical role in the initiation and development of tumors. The histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and other PTMs are important mechanisms that regulate the status of chromatin structure and this regulation leads to the control of gene expression. The histone acetylation is conducted by histone acetyltransferase enzymes (HATs), which are involved in transferring an acetyl group to conserved lysine amino acids of histones and consequently increase gene expression. On the basis of similarity in catalytic domains of HATs, these enzymes are divided into different groups such as families of GNAT, MYST, P300/CBP, SRC/P160, and so on. These enzymes have effective roles in apoptosis, signaling pathways, metastasis, cell cycle, DNA repair and other related mechanisms deregulated in cancer. Abnormal activation of HATs leads to uncontrolled amplification of cells and incidence of malignancy signs. This indicates that HAT might be an important target for effective cancer treatments, and hence there would be a need for further studies and designing of therapeutic drugs on this basis. In this study, we have reviewed the important roles of HATs in different human malignancies.

scholarly journals Harnessing a Transient Gene Expression System in Nicotiana benthamiana to Explore Plant Agrochemical Transporters

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Bingqi Wu ◽  
Zhiting Chen ◽  
Xiaohui Xu ◽  
Ronghua Chen ◽  
Siwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Heterologous Gene Expression ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Gene Expression System

Functional characterization of plant agrichemical transporters provided an opportunity to discover molecules that have a high mobility in plants and have the potential to increase the amount of pesticides reaching damage sites. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in tobacco is simple and fast, and its protein expression efficiency is high; this system is generally used to mediate heterologous gene expression. In this article, transient expression of tobacco nicotine uptake permease (NtNUP1) and rice polyamine uptake transporter 1 (OsPUT1) in Nicotiana benthamiana was performed to investigate whether this system is useful as a platform for studying the interactions between plant transporters and pesticides. The results showed that NtNUP1 increases nicotine uptake in N. benthamiana foliar discs and protoplasts, indicating that this transient gene expression system is feasible for studying gene function. Moreover, yeast expression of OsPUT1 apparently increases methomyl uptake. Overall, this method of constructing a transient gene expression system is useful for improving the efficiency of analyzing the functions of plant heterologous transporter-encoding genes and revealed that this system can be further used to study the functions of transporters and pesticides, especially their interactions.

scholarly journals Environmental RNAi pathways in the two-spotted spider mite

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosharrof Mondal ◽  
Jacob Peter ◽  
Obrie Scarbrough ◽  
Alex Flynt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Rnai Pathway ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Abstract Background RNA interference (RNAi) regulates gene expression in most multicellular organisms through binding of small RNA effectors to target transcripts. Exploiting this process is a popular strategy for genetic manipulation and has applications that includes arthropod pest control. RNAi technologies are dependent on delivery method with the most convenient likely being feeding, which is effective in some animals while others are insensitive. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is prime candidate for developing RNAi approaches due to frequent occurrence of conventional pesticide resistance. Using a sequencing-based approach, the fate of ingested RNAs was explored to identify features and conditions that affect small RNA biogenesis from external sources to better inform RNAi design. Results Biochemical and sequencing approaches in conjunction with extensive computational assessment were used to evaluate metabolism of ingested RNAs in T. urticae. This chelicerae arthropod shows only modest response to oral RNAi and has biogenesis pathways distinct from model organisms. Processing of synthetic and plant host RNAs ingested during feeding were evaluated to identify active substrates for spider mite RNAi pathways. Through cataloging characteristics of biochemically purified RNA from these sources, trans-acting small RNAs could be distinguished from degradation fragments and their origins documented. Conclusions Using a strategy that delineates small RNA processing, we found many transcripts have the potential to enter spider mite RNAi pathways, however, trans-acting RNAs appear very unstable and rare. This suggests potential RNAi pathway substrates from ingested materials are mostly degraded and infrequently converted into regulators of gene expression. Spider mites infest a variety of plants, and it would be maladaptive to generate diverse gene regulators from dietary RNAs. This study provides a framework for assessing RNAi technology in organisms where genetic and biochemical tools are absent and benefit rationale design of RNAi triggers for T.urticae.

Poly(ethyleneimine)-Mediated Large-Scale Transient Gene Expression: Influence of Molecular Weight, Polydispersity and N -Propionyl Groups

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kadlecova ◽  
Sophie Nallet ◽  
David L. Hacker ◽  
Lucia Baldi ◽  
Harm-Anton Klok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transient Gene Expression

scholarly journals Mild Hypothermia Improves Transient Gene Expression Yields Several Fold in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wulhfard ◽  
S. Tissot ◽  
S. Bouchet ◽  
J. Cevey ◽  
M. DeJesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Mild Hypothermia ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Ovary Cells
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