Performance of knapsack sprayer: effect of technological parameters on nanoparticles spray distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Majid Hazim Reshaq Alheidary ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Spray Distribution

scholarly journals UJI DISTRIBUSI SEMPROTAN SPRAYER PESTISIDA DENGAN PATTERNATOR BERBASIS WATER LEVEL DETECTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Agus Dharmawan ◽  
Siswoyo Soekarno
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Sensor Calibration ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Nozzle Height ◽  
Droplet Distribution ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Level Detector ◽  
Traveling Speed

The research aimed to examine droplet distribution using a knapsack sprayer with a water level detector-based patternator. The tests consist of measuring spraying discharge, effective spray wide and height, droplet distribution pattern and area, and traveling speed. The sensor calibration showed that the system read the liquid volume in the container with R2 = 0.99 at a linear curve: y = 2.572 + 2.502x.  The spray discharge was 0.033 L/s. The optimal spray was at 60 cm-nozzle height with effective spray wide and height were 0.64 m and 0.344, respectively. The spray distribution pattern illustrated that nozzle height affected droplet areas. The traveling speed due to nozzle height at 40 to 70 cm was 0.29 to 0.58 m/s, and had a line-up tendency, whereas spraying capacity was declined 1298 to 562 L/Ha.Keywords: Spray distribution, patternator, sprayer, water level detector

scholarly journals APLICAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS FITOSSANITÁRIOS VIA ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO NO TOMATEIRO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Fábio Venegas ◽  
Carlos Gilberto Raetano ◽  
João Carlos Cury Saad
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Tracer Distribution ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
E Mail

APLICAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS FITOSSANITÁRIOS VIA ÁGUA DE IRRIGAÇÃO NO TOMATEIRO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO   Fábio VenegasDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected] Gilberto RaetanoDepartamento de Produção Vegetal – Defesa Fitossanitária, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970João Carlos Cury SaadDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970 E-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO  A distribuição e o depósito de um traçador foram avaliados e comparados, após aplicá-lo em microaspersão e com o pulverizador costal manual, na cultura do tomateiro var. híbrido House Momotaro, cultivado em ambiente protegido. A distribuição do traçador nos folíolos foi avaliada em ambiente escuro e sob luz ultravioleta, estabelecendo-se uma escala de notas para diferentes graus de cobertura da pulverização. Os depósitos foram determinados por espectrofotometria, após a aplicação do traçador nas diferentes técnicas. A quantificação do traçador nos folíolos, quando aplicado pelo sistema de microaspersão mostrou que não houve efeito desse fator sobre os depósitos utilizando-se essa técnica de aplicação, entretanto, esse efeito foi constatado quando o traçador foi aplicado com o pulverizador costal manual. A comparação entre os diferentes sistemas de aplicação revelou a necessidade de se utilizar a calda seis vezes mais concentrada no sistema de microaspersão para obtenção de níveis equivalentes dos depósitos do traçador com o pulverizador costal manual. Na avaliação da distribuição da calda nas superfícies adaxial e abaxial dos folíolos em diferentes alturas, posições da planta e sistemas de aplicação, pode-se afirmar que a aplicação com o pulverizador costal manual evidenciou melhor distribuição da calda nos folíolos do tomateiro.  UNITERMOS: Quimigação, depósito, pulverizador costal manual, microaspersão, traçador.   VENEGAS, F.; RAETANO, C.G.; SAAD, J.C.C. PHYTOSANITARY PRODUCT CHEMIGATION ON TOMATO PLANT (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT  2 ABSTRACT  Tracer distribution and deposit using two application techniques were evaluated and compared through microsprinkling  and hand knapsack sprayer on tomato plant var. House Momotaro hybrid grown  in protected environment. The tracer distribution on the leaflets was evaluated in dark and ultraviolet light room establishing a grade scale for different degrees of spraying coverage. Deposit was determined by spectrophotometry after tracer application using different techniques. The different sampling heights and positions in the microsprinker system showed that there was no effect of these factors on deposit, however, such effect was verified when the tracer was applied using a hand knapsack sprayer. The comparison of different application systems revealed the need to use the fluid six times more concentrated in the microsprinker system to obtain deposit levels similar to those obtained using a hand knapsack sprayer. By evaluating spray distribution on the leaflets adaxial and abaxial surfaces  in different heights, plant positions and application systems, it was possible to verify that the application using a hand knapsack sprayer presented better spray distribution on tomato plant leaflets.   KEYWORDS: Chemigation, deposit, hand knapsack sprayer, microsprinkling, tracer.

Research of design solutions of water cooling systems for tanks

2021 ◽  
pp. 435-451
Author(s):  
Сергей Николаевич Морозов ◽  
Вадим Вячеславович Таганов ◽  
Дмитрий Викторович Калачинский ◽  
Дмитрий Анатольевич Иванченко
Keyword(s):  
Side Surface ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Tank Wall ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ring Diameter ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Equipment And Pipelines

Установки водяного охлаждения резервуаров являются частью системы автоматического пожаротушения резервуарного парка и представляют собой комплекс устройств, оборудования и трубопроводов. Непосредственное охлаждение стенки резервуара осуществляется через верхнее горизонтальное кольцо орошения, выполненное в виде перфорированного трубопровода или трубопровода с оросителями. При этом до настоящего времени не была определена зависимость фактически защищаемой площади стенки от расходов воды, подаваемой через отверстия и/или оросители при их различном положении по отношению к стенке и верхней кромке резервуара. Цель исследования - экспериментальное определение оптимальных конструктивных и технологических решений элементов установок водяного охлаждения резервуара. Для изучения процессов теплового нагрева и охлаждения боковой поверхности резервуара проведены гидравлические и огневые испытания моделей секции установки водяного охлаждения - горизонтального кольца орошения. По результатам испытаний определена эффективность различных конструкций в зависимости от изменяемых технологических параметров (давления и расхода воды в кольце орошения), диаметра отверстий перфорированного трубопровода и шага между ними, угла расположения устройств подачи воды относительно горизонтальной поверхности сечения резервуара, расстояния от кольца орошения до стенки резервуара и его верхней кромки. Water cooling units for tanks are a part of automatic fire extinguishing system of the tank farm and represent a complex of units, equipment and pipelines. Tank wall is cooled down directly through upper horizontal spray distribution ring, made in the form of a perforated pipeline or a pipeline with sprinklers. With this, correlation between actually protected area of the wall and flow rate of water supplied through the holes and/or sprinklers at their different positions in relation to the wall and the upper edge of the tank, has not been determined so far. The purpose of the study is to experimentally determine the optimal design and technological solutions of the elements of tank water cooling units. To study the processes of thermal heating and cooling of the side surface of the tank, hydraulic and fire tests of models of the section of the water cooling unit (the horizontal spray distribution ring) were carried out. According to the test results, the efficiency of various structures was determined depending on the technological parameters being changed (pressure and water flow in the spray distribution ring), diameter of the holes of the perforated pipeline and pitch between them, angle of the water supply units relative to the horizontal surface of the tank section, distance from the spray distribution ring to the tank wall and its upper edge.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

Operation intensification methods of aggressive industrial sewage neutralization facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153
Author(s):  
N. S. Tsarev ◽  
V. I. Aksenov ◽  
I. I. Nichkova
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Heating ◽  
Sediment Treatment ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Sediment Volume ◽  
Industrial Sewage

To neutralize the waste pickling solutions and rinsing water, resulting from cleaning metal products s surface of rust by acids solutions, lime is used. Being cheap, this method of sewage neutralization has considerable drawbacks. Forming in the technological pipes strong gypsum depositions and low specific productivity of the equipment for sediment dewatering are most significant of them. Characteristic of aggressive industrial sewage, formed at pickling of ferrous metals presented. Methods of elimination of drawbacks of industrial sewage neutralization by lime considered, including stabilization of neutralized industrial sewage and control of properties of the sediment formed. It was noted, that stability of the circulating water can be provided by accelerating of crystallization of the forming gypsum sediments by introducing in it fine priming powder and heating the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С followed by thermal softening of a part of circulating water, removed out of the circulating system. It was shown, that the heating of the water and the ongoing changes of the composition and properties of the sediment result in decrease of filtration resistance 2-3 folds, increase of deposition speed 3-4 folds and decrease the sediment volume 1.5-2 folds comparing with lime neutralization in cold water. Calculated dozes of lime at the heating were taken the same as at the regular lime neutralization. Elimination of the circulating water oversaturation by bi-water gypsum can be reached also by addition into the water of powder-like gypsum pulp - priming powder for microcrystals of the gypsum, followed by aeration during 30-40 min. This method was tested under industrial conditions. Technological properties of the forming sediment can be improved by sediment treatment by flocculants and preliminary heating of the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С. Control of technological properties of the sediment is done by addition of flocculants and heating of the neutralized water. Recommendations for improving operation of the neutralization facilities presented with indicating particular technological parameters of the equipment operation for sewage and sediment treatment. 

APPLYING THE ISF TECHNOLOGY TO PRODUCE THE CAR PART MODELS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Tuan Dinh Phan ◽  
Binh Thien Nguyen ◽  
Dien Khanh Le ◽  
Phuong Hoang Pham
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Incremental Sheet Forming ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Batch Production ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Real Size ◽  
Single Batch

The paper presents an application the research results previously done by group on the influence of technological parameters to the deformation angle and finish surface quality in order to choose technology parameters for the incremental sheet forming (ISF) process to produce products for the purpose of rapid prototyping or single-batch production, including all steps from design and process 3D CAD model, calculate and select the technological parameters, setting up manufacturing and the stage of post-processing. The samples formed successfully showed high applicability of this technology to practical work, the complex products with the real size can be produced in industries: automotive, motorcycle, civil...

KINEMATIC FEATURES OF THE LAPPING PROCESS AND DETERMINATION OF ITS BASIC PARAMETERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
EZIZ SARVAN SHIRVAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Grinding Tool ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
Analytical Expressions

This paper discusses the kinematic characteristics of lapping process and the main parameters of the process. It was determined that the influencing degree of technological parameters to the forming surface and processes. It was projected the construction of the lapping head for processing of internal cylindrical surfaces, scheme of the lapping operation and graphic description of the forces influencing. The relationships between the axial, radial and tangential cutting forces and the effect of the combined force thereof are determined in order to ensure the necessary surface pressure. During the analysis geometric and mathematical relationships were obtained. The extracted analytical expressions can be realized by further experimental researches and can be used in engineering calculations of technological parameters of processing by lapping. Angular velocity, friction force, linear velocity, also the length of the tactile curve and the radius of the part can be considered the main kinematic and dynamic parameters of the process that the formation of the surface, also the course of the process depends on these parameters. Depending on the kinematic parameters, the wear nature of the tool changes and this changes the linear and angular velocities, which have a significant impact on the accuracy, quality and productivity of processing. When examining the technological capabilities of the process, the nature of the movement between the part and the grinding tool, also changes in cutting speed are often considered as a main factor. Analytical expressions were obtained to determine the main parameters of the process, taking into account the kinematic characteristics of the friction process. These expressions can be used in engineering calculations and allow to determine the optimal values of the processing mode. In order to obtain the required micrometric surface cleanliness and measurement accuracy, correlation relationships were established between the main parameters of the process, equations of the equilibrium system of shear forces were compiled and analytical expressions were obtained based on the analysis of kinematic and dynamic properties of the system.

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