Research of design solutions of water cooling systems for tanks

2021 ◽  
pp. 435-451
Author(s):  
Сергей Николаевич Морозов ◽  
Вадим Вячеславович Таганов ◽  
Дмитрий Викторович Калачинский ◽  
Дмитрий Анатольевич Иванченко
Keyword(s):  
Side Surface ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Tank Wall ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Tank Farm ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ring Diameter ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Equipment And Pipelines

Установки водяного охлаждения резервуаров являются частью системы автоматического пожаротушения резервуарного парка и представляют собой комплекс устройств, оборудования и трубопроводов. Непосредственное охлаждение стенки резервуара осуществляется через верхнее горизонтальное кольцо орошения, выполненное в виде перфорированного трубопровода или трубопровода с оросителями. При этом до настоящего времени не была определена зависимость фактически защищаемой площади стенки от расходов воды, подаваемой через отверстия и/или оросители при их различном положении по отношению к стенке и верхней кромке резервуара. Цель исследования - экспериментальное определение оптимальных конструктивных и технологических решений элементов установок водяного охлаждения резервуара. Для изучения процессов теплового нагрева и охлаждения боковой поверхности резервуара проведены гидравлические и огневые испытания моделей секции установки водяного охлаждения - горизонтального кольца орошения. По результатам испытаний определена эффективность различных конструкций в зависимости от изменяемых технологических параметров (давления и расхода воды в кольце орошения), диаметра отверстий перфорированного трубопровода и шага между ними, угла расположения устройств подачи воды относительно горизонтальной поверхности сечения резервуара, расстояния от кольца орошения до стенки резервуара и его верхней кромки. Water cooling units for tanks are a part of automatic fire extinguishing system of the tank farm and represent a complex of units, equipment and pipelines. Tank wall is cooled down directly through upper horizontal spray distribution ring, made in the form of a perforated pipeline or a pipeline with sprinklers. With this, correlation between actually protected area of the wall and flow rate of water supplied through the holes and/or sprinklers at their different positions in relation to the wall and the upper edge of the tank, has not been determined so far. The purpose of the study is to experimentally determine the optimal design and technological solutions of the elements of tank water cooling units. To study the processes of thermal heating and cooling of the side surface of the tank, hydraulic and fire tests of models of the section of the water cooling unit (the horizontal spray distribution ring) were carried out. According to the test results, the efficiency of various structures was determined depending on the technological parameters being changed (pressure and water flow in the spray distribution ring), diameter of the holes of the perforated pipeline and pitch between them, angle of the water supply units relative to the horizontal surface of the tank section, distance from the spray distribution ring to the tank wall and its upper edge.

Проблема защиты высокостеллажных складов спринклерными автоматическими установками пожаротушения

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kopylov ◽  
Leonid Meshman ◽  
Leonid Tanklevsky ◽  
Alexander Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Irrigation Intensity

Рассмотрены вопросы обнаружения и тушения пожара при высокостеллажном складировании продукции, являющейся пожарной нагрузкой, с использованием пожарных извещателей и автоматических установок пожаротушения (АУП). Проанализированы различные схемы АУП и подачи огнетушащих веществ (ОТВ), их преимущества и недостатки. Исходя из особенностей пожара на стеллажных складах, показана необходимость скорейшего его обнаружения и подачи ОТВ. Сформулированы задачи, решение которых позволит добиться максимальной эффективности применения АУП на высокостеллажных складах.Currently, there is a tendency to equip objects (warehouses, shopping centers) with racks for storing various products. The stored products represent a significant fire load (combustible packaging, products themselves, etc.). Racks can be of a great height (more than 10 m), be located both in isolation and in groups, and even be load-bearing as a part of the power frame of the building. The technology of racks loading and unloading provides for the use of electric cars with special lifts (stacker). The result of a fire at an object with high-rack storage (HRS) is a large material damage due to the destruction of stored products and damage (collapse) of the building as well as risk to people and undesirable socio-psychological resonance. Due to rapid flame spread on a vertical in case of fire on the object with HRS, the most important condition for the effective use of automatic fire extinguishing systems is to minimize the time both of fire detection and of commencement of extinguishing agent supply by appropriate sprinklers. It can be achieved by means: a) of special heat-accumulating screens above the racks at a large distance from the top of the stored goods to the ceiling that ensure the speedy operation of heat detectors; b) of satellite detectors which provide a compulsory start-up of the sprinklers. For the purpose of selective operation each satellite fire detector is equipped with a deflector or diaphragm so that the field of view of the detector agrees with the irrigated area. To concentrate the fire extinguishing agent supply directly to the high-rise rack and to provide increased irrigation intensity at the border of the sprayed stream, the spray angle of the sprinkler is limited by the flow shaper. Most often, the sprayed water flow is supplied to the upper tier of the rack and its side surface. Thus, this article presents the features of effective fire fighting at objects with HRS of products that are a fire load at an early stage of fire ignition. Various schemes of automatic fire extinguishing systems and their start-up are analyzed. In the future, it is necessary to carry out a calculated justification of the sprinkler installation sites to ensure the fire extinguishing agent supply both to the upper part and side surface of the burning rack as well as to protect neighbour racks and building structures.

scholarly journals Restoring bearing capacity of fiberglass overwrap of aviation cylinders for storing liquids, gases and fire – extinguishing compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Roman Kachmar ◽  
Gheorghij Kryvov ◽  
Dmytro Jermolin ◽  
Valerij Matvijenko ◽  
Boris Karpinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Fiberglass Fabric ◽  
Numerical Research

The article proposes a methodology for numerical research of stressed condition (SC) of aviation cylinders for storing liquids, gases and fire-extinguishing compounds in order to determine structural and technological parameters (STP) for repairing of defects in their fiberglass overwraps (FO) due to long-term operation and mechanical damages. Structural and technological parameters for repair of FO using fiberglass bandages and fiberglass fabric patches аre determined on the examples of numerical research of SC of cylindrical and spherical cylinders. According to developed methodology, STP for repairing of FO of cylinders make possible to select modern materials and technological equipment.

scholarly journals Study of rollers box passes influence on formation of thermocyclic fractures under conditions of 3270/150 wire rod hot mill of “Belorussky steel-works – managing company of “BMK” holding

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Strel’chenko ◽  
I. A. Zuev ◽  
I. V. Astapenko
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Surface Heating ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Temperature Expansion ◽  
Simulation Results

Rollers with box passes are widely used in long products manufacturing, that can be explained by better gripping ability and a high drawing out coefficient. However, along with the stated advantages there are considerable drawbacks – formation of an erosion net at a pass bottom and side fractures at side outlets. Study of main technological parameters of rolling process influence on wear, its value and character of distribution along a pass perimeter. Possibilities shown to decrease or redistribute the wear aimed at an increase of rollers service life. Results of reasons study of thermocyclic fractures formation at side outlets of box passes presented. By application of simulation three digital experiments were made: a base one – according to parameters of existing technological process and two being proposed, in which a pass outlet geometry was varied, estimated its influence on the side surface heating, contact pressure and contact with strip. Based on the experiments simulation results analysis the following was determined: formation of side fractures takes place as a result of uneven temperature expansion of side surface and pass bottom; considerably longer contact of box pass outlets results in critical expanding thermal stresses at its surface. Besides, it was determined, that by a pass outlet geometry changing it is possible to control the dynamic of thermal expanding of a pass surface and considerably decrease it.

scholarly journals Solid Free-Form Fabrication of Metallic Components

2006 ◽  
Vol 15-17 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Kagawa ◽  
Masayuki Mizumoto ◽  
Takeshi Ohgai
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Shape Stability ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Solid Free Form Fabrication ◽  
Equiaxed Grain ◽  
Stable Shape

The influence of process parameters on shape stability and surface smoothness of cylindrical and rectangular castings produced by fused spinning deposition (FSD) method was investigated. The optimum conditions to control the shape and smoothness of side surface of the castings produced by the FSD method without water-cooling were limited to a narrow range of process parameters. The casting with a stable shape and a smooth side surface was obtained with the aid of water-cooling. The tensile strength of the castings produced by the FSD method was 1.4 times higher than those of the specimens cast into metal-mold and sand-mold, due to a finer equiaxed grain structure of the FSD castings. Employing the combination of the deposition patterns for tube and solid castings, some practical metallic components were fabricated by the FSD method.

The Study of Finite Element Simulation for Cooling after Heating Process of Rail

2015 ◽  
Vol 667 ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Feng Qin Yu ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Suitable Heat Treatment ◽  
Interior Stress ◽  
Dimension Stability

Because of the non-uniformity of the section shape of rail and complexity of its temperature changing, the degree of thermal expansion and contraction of section must be different which leads to the interior stress is produced inevitable in it. The residual stress in rail is elastic stress and its maximum value is elastic limit stress. They affect the dimension stability, mechanical property, deformation and etc. And it is the important factor of rail quality. This paper builds a finite element model of temperature field through the MSC.Marc software during the process of heating and cooling of 55Q rail, which simulates the rail stress field of air cooling and water cooling. Our paper conducts the experiments on the rails of same material and condition and also selects the temperature and stress of appointed nodes to analyze them. The results of experiments and simulations are very identical. Simulating the residual stress of air cooling and water cooling, the result is that residual stress of water cooling is bigger than that of air cooling. This consequence gives the reference for planning the suitable heat treatment and improving the service life.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF A VIBRATION DRYER GRAIN SEEDS AND VEGETABLES FOR THE LAST-SELECT STATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Leonid Yaroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Working Chamber ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Vibration Parameters

The paper analyzes the current state and prospects of further development of the technology of post-harvest treatment of grain seeds and vegetables, in particular its drying, on the conditions of which depends the quality of the sowing material. One of the ways to solve this problem is to apply convective drying in a pseudo-liquefied state with periodic heating and cooling of the seeds, which allows to maintain the temperature of the dried seeds within the specified limits and thereby maintain its high sowing qualities. To study the parameters of such drying at the Vinnitsa National Agricultural University a laboratory sample of a vibrating dryer with a U-shaped working chamber for drying granular or fine-grained products was created, which allows the temperature and flow of the fluid to be controlled during drying, as well as the oscillation amplitude of the drying chamber. As a result of studies of vibration parameters influence of the working chamber of the dryer (the trajectory of its oscillations, vibration speed and vibration acceleration), the temperature and flow rate of the coolant (atmospheric air) and its humidity, the possibility of a significant reduction of energy consumption, increase of intensity and reduction of drying time is established. As a result of the research, the design and development of a vibrating convective dryer of intermittent heating with a vertical drive shaft was proposed, which allows to combine the advantages of convection vibrating tray and mine dryers, in which, in order to intensify the drying process and reduce the energy consumption, the phenomenon of thermodiffusion, or the movement of moisture in a material under the action of a temperature gradient (which coincides in direction with the flow of heat), that greatly reduces the energy consumption and duration of the drying process. Consistent alternation of periods of heating of particles of granular products with heated air and their cooling with atmospheric air, due to the phenomenon of thermodiffusion, significantly intensifies the drying process and reduces its energy intensity and leads to an increase in the productivity of the vibration dryer.

Development of an experimental laboratory sample of foam extinguishing system using compressed air (CAFS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
A. Nikulin ◽  
A. Kodryk ◽  
O. Titenko ◽  
V. Prysiazhniuk
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Outlet Nozzle ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Internal Interaction ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

The analysis of known structures of foam generating systems with compressed air, as well as the results of research on operational experiments, tests and research of systems carried out abroad, allowed to formulate basic principle requirements to technological and constructive parameters of foam generating systems with compressed air. The general trend in the design of various structures, especially complex, built on the internal interaction of individual structural units – is the development of a mathematical model, preceding a constructive solution and often is the calculated basis for them. The created mathematical model of the process of foaming made it possible to determine the dependence of the quality of the foam obtained on the structural and technological parameters. On the basis of the developed mathematical model of foaming, a principal scheme of the process is proposed and a small-sized test facility is created for studying the possibilities of obtaining a compression foam according to the proposed scheme. The peculiarities of the work are an attempt to obtain compression foam according to the proposed scheme with the use of domestic general purpose foam generators using the modernized existing portable fire extinguishing equipment, which is at the disposal of fire units of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of development of small-sized mobile and portable plants, which can be used as an addition to existing fire-fighting equipment. During the experiments, the variables were the brands and concentrations of foam generators, the magnitude of air pressure in the system, and the ratio of water to air. The dependence of the quality of the foam on the change in pressure on the outlet nozzle was established, therefore, during each experiment it was controlled and maintained constant during its conduct. As a result of previous tests, the possibility of obtaining a compression foam according to the proposed scheme with the use of synthetic domestic general purpose foam generators with the use of existing fire equipment has been confirmed. The following are ways of developing work.

scholarly journals The Model of Projects Creation of the Fire Extinguishing Systems in Community Territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Tryhuba ◽  
Roman Ratushny ◽  
Inna Tryhuba ◽  
Nazar Koval ◽  
Igor Androshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
The State ◽  
Service Model ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Project Environment ◽  
Model Project

The state of the united Ukrainian territorial communities fire extinguishing systems and trends in their development have been analyzed. The the united territorial communities development expediency scientific-methodical bases and service model of fire extinguishing systems projects has been proved. Developed scientific-methodical bases and service model take into account features of changing project environment of the projects in relation to the united territorial community fire extinguishing systems projects model, based on the prediction variability in reference to the fires number and type, take into account the roads condition and provide fire extinguishing systems in the desired state. Based on the united territorial community fire extinguishing systems algorithm service model project computer program has been developed. The proposed computer program provided an opportunity to substantiate trends in organizational-technological parameters values of the fire extinguishing systems projects regarding combined territorial communities. Regularities of changes in reference to organizational and technological indicators of the projects value concerning the fire extinguishing systems has been developed for conditions of Zhovtanets united territorial community.

Nucleation and Early Growth of Sputtered thin Films

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 516-517
Author(s):  
Dudley M. Sherman ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Lens Assembly ◽  
Microscope Technique ◽  
Ion Beam Sputter Deposition

The in situ electron microscope technique has been shown to be a powerful method for investigating the nucleation and growth of thin films formed by vacuum vapor deposition. The nucleation and early stages of growth of metal deposits formed by ion beam sputter-deposition are now being studied by the in situ technique.A duoplasmatron ion source and lens assembly has been attached to one side of the universal chamber of an RCA EMU-4 microscope and a sputtering target inserted into the chamber from the opposite side. The material to be deposited, in disc form, is bonded to the end of an electrically isolated copper rod that has provisions for target water cooling. The ion beam is normal to the microscope electron beam and the target is placed adjacent to the electron beam above the specimen hot stage, as shown in Figure 1.

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