FULL-SCALE EXPERIMENTAL TESTING TO INVESTIGATE WIND-INDUCED VIBRATIONS ON CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Sai Vutukuru ◽  
Kehinde Alawode ◽  
Ali Bakhtiari ◽  
Amal Elawady ◽  
Seung Jae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
System Level ◽  
Curtain Wall ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Terrain Effect ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Florida International University ◽  
Wind Induced Vibration

Curtain walls are dominant cladding components of mid to high-rise buildings in modern architecture. However, the curtain wall systems have been observed highly susceptible to vibrations leading to component or system-level failure during recent extreme wind events. This paper studies the complex mechanisms of wind induced vibration (WIV) functionality at the system-and component-levels. A wind testing experiments for a full-scale single-skin façade panel was conducted at the Wall of Wind experimental facility (WOW EF) at Florida International University (FIU). Effect on the vibration of the curtain wall due to the addition of sunshade fin is also studied. The experimental protocol included testing the samples (with and without sunshade fins) at various wind speeds from 22.3 m/s to 40.1 m/s with 8.9 m/s intervals in open terrain. Effect of wind direction is also considered varying from 0 to 180 degrees with 45-degrees interval. The tests were performed on two sets of panels: (1) a polycarbonate panel (with the geometric properties maintained) to obtain dynamic wind pressure data; (2) actual glazing units that are instrumented with accelerometers and strain gauges at critical sensing locations. The experimental results indicate that the sunshade fins have a stiffening effect on the joints of the curtain walls while overall increasing the wind pressure on the panel. Dynamic amplifications on the glazing were in the order of 1.1 to 1.8 which underline the importance of studying dynamic effects on the façade systems.

Assessment of Earthquake Performance of Structures by Hybrid Simulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Elnashai ◽  
Hussam Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
System Level ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure

With current rapid growth of cities and the move toward the development of both sustainable and resilient infrastructure systems, it is vital for the structural engineering community to continue to improve their knowledge in earthquake engineering to limit infrastructure damage and the associated social and economic impacts. Historically, the development of such knowledge has been accomplished through the deployment of analytical simulations and experimental testing. Experimental testing is considered the most accurate tool by which local behavior of components or global response of systems can be assessed, assuming the test setup is realistically configured and the experiment is effectively executed. However, issues of scale, equipment capacity, and availability of research funding continue to hinder full-scale testing of complete structures. On the other hand, analytical simulation software is limited to solving specific type of problems and in many cases fail to capture complex behaviors, failure modes, and collapse of structural systems. Hybrid simulation has emerged as a potentially accurate and efficient tool for the evaluation of the response of large and complex structures under earthquake loading. In hybrid (experiment-analysis) simulation, part of a structural system is experimentally represented while the rest of the structure is numerically modeled. Typically, the most critical component is physically represented. By combining a physical specimen and a numerical model, the system-level behavior can be better quantified than modeling the entire system purely analytically or testing only a component. This article discusses the use of hybrid simulation as an effective tool for the seismic evaluation of structures. First, a chronicled development of hybrid simulation is presented with an overview of some of the previously conducted studies. Second, an overview of a hybrid simulation environment is provided. Finally, a hybrid simulation application example on the response of steel frames with semi-rigid connections under earthquake excitations is presented. The simulations included a full-scale physical specimen for the experimental module of a connection, and a 2D finite element model for the analytical module. It is demonstrated that hybrid simulation is a powerful tool for advanced assessment when used with appropriate analytical and experimental realizations of the components and that semi-rigid frames are a viable option in earthquake engineering applications.

Use of DNVGL-RP-C203 for Determining the Fatigue Capacity of Connectors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Muff ◽  
Anders Wormsen ◽  
Torfinn Hørte ◽  
Arne Fjeldstad ◽  
Per Osen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Finite Element Model

Abstract Guidance for determining a S-N based fatigue capacity (safe life design) for preloaded connectors is included in Section 5.4 of the 2019 edition of DNVGL-RP-C203 (C203-2019). This section includes guidance on the finite element model representation, finite element based fatigue analysis and determination of the connector design fatigue capacity by use of one of the following methods: Method 1 by FEA based fatigue analysis, Method 2 by FEA based fatigue analysis and experimental testing and Method 3 by full-scale connector fatigue testing. The FEA based fatigue analysis makes use of Appendix D.2 in C203-2019 (“S-N curves for high strength steel applications for subsea”). Practical use of Section 5.4 is illustrated with a case study of a fatigue tested wellhead profile connector segment test. Further developments of Section 5.4 of C203-2019 are proposed. This included acceptance criteria for use of a segment test to validate the FEA based fatigue analysis of a full-scale preloaded connector.

Experimental study on fire resistance of a full-scale composite floor assembly in a two-story steel framed building

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Choe ◽  
Selvarajah Ramesh ◽  
Xu Dai ◽  
Matthew Hoehler ◽  
Matthew Bundy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
System Level ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Fire Experiment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Floor System

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the first of four planned fire experiments on the 9.1 × 6.1 m steel composite floor assembly as part of the two-story steel framed building constructed at the National Fire Research Laboratory.Design/methodology/approachThe fire experiment was aimed to quantify the fire resistance and behavior of full-scale steel–concrete composite floor systems commonly built in the USA. The test floor assembly, designed and constructed for the 2-h fire resistance rating, was tested to failure under a natural gas fueled compartment fire and simultaneously applied mechanical loads.FindingsAlthough the protected steel beams and girders achieved matching or superior performance compared to the prescribed limits of temperatures and displacements used in standard fire testing, the composite slab developed a central breach approximately at a half of the specified rating period. A minimum area of the shrinkage reinforcement (60 mm2/m) currently permitted in the US construction practice may be insufficient to maintain structural integrity of a full-scale composite floor system under the 2-h standard fire exposure.Originality/valueThis work was the first-of-kind fire experiment conducted in the USA to study the full system-level structural performance of a composite floor system subjected to compartment fire using natural gas as fuel to mimic a standard fire environment.

Soil-Pipe Interaction Models for the Simulation of Buried Steel Pipeline Behaviour Against Geohazards

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Sarvanis ◽  
Spyros A. Karamanos ◽  
Polynikis Vazouras ◽  
Panos Dakoulas ◽  
Elisabetta Mecozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Complex Loading ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Rigorous Model ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Soil Pipe

Hydrocarbon pipelines constructed in geohazards areas, are subjected to ground-induced actions, associated with the development of severe strains in the pipeline and constitute major threats for their structural integrity. In the course of pipeline design, calculation of those strains is necessary for safeguarding pipeline integrity, and the development of reliable analytical/numerical design tools that account for soil-pipe interaction is required. In the present paper, soil-pipe interaction models for buried steel pipelines subjected to severe ground-induced actions are presented. First, two numerical methodologies, (simplified and rigorous) and one analytical are presented and compared, followed by an experimental verification; transversal soil-pipe interaction is examined through full-scale experimental testing, and comparisons of numerical simulations with rigorous finite element models are reported. Furthermore, the rigorous model is compared with the results from a special-purpose full-scale “landslide/fault” experimental test in order to examine the soil-pipe interaction in a complex loading conditions. Finally, the verified rigorous model is compared with both the simplified models and the analytical methodology.

scholarly journals Experimental Behavior of Precast Bridge Deck Systems with Non-Proprietary UHPC Transverse Field Joints

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6964
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abokifa ◽  
Mohamed A. Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Transverse Field ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Bridge Construction ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Precast Bridge Deck

Full-depth precast bridge decks are widely used to expedite bridge construction and enhance durability. These deck systems face the challenge that their durability and performance are usually dictated by the effectiveness of their field joints and closure joint materials. Hence, commercial ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) products have gained popularity for use in such joints because of their superior mechanical properties. However, the proprietary and relatively expensive nature of the robust UHPC mixes may pose some limitations on their future implementation. For these reasons, many research agencies along with state departments of transportation sought their way to develop cheaper non-proprietary UHPC (NP-UHPC) mixes using locally supplied materials. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the full-scale application of the recently developed NP-UHPC mixes at the ABC-UTC (accelerated bridge construction university transportation center) in transverse field joints of precast bridge decks. This study included experimental testing of three full-scale precast bridge deck subassemblies with transverse NP-UHPC field joints under static vertical loading. The test parameters included NP-UHPC mixes with different steel fibers amount, different joint splice details, and joint widths. The results of this study were compared with the results of a similar proprietary UHPC reference specimen. The structural behavior of the test specimens was evaluated in terms of the load versus deflection, reinforcement and concrete strains, and full assessment of the field joint performance. The study showed that the proposed NP-UHPC mixes and field joint details can be efficiently used in the transverse deck field joints with comparable behavior to the proprietary UHPC joints. The study concluded that the proposed systems remained elastic under the target design service and ultimate loads. In addition, the study showed that the use of reinforcement loop splices enhanced the load distribution across the specimen’s cross-section.

scholarly journals Western Iberian winter wind indices based on significant wind events

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mason ◽  
A. M. P. Santos ◽  
Á J. Peliz
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Easterly Wind ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wind Event ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
Offshore Transport

Abstract. Wind speed data obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis project are used to construct winter (November–March) wind indices for the western Iberian Peninsula. The data used represent a 2.5&deg square area, centred at 41.0&deg N, 9.4&deg W, over the period 1948-2003. The NCEP data are well correlated with a time-series (1980–2001) of wind measurements from the Cape Carvoeiro lighthouse on the western Portuguese coast (39.4&deg N, 9.4&deg W). The new indices, of which there are four corresponding to northerlies, easterlies, southerlies and westerlies, constitute measures of numbers of significant wind event days, where a significant wind event is defined to be 4 or more consecutive days of wind speeds exceeding 4 m s-1. Results show both intra- and inter-annual variations in the numbers of significant wind event days, as well as clear decadal trends. A comparison between a hybrid index, composed of the numbers of significant northerly and easterly wind event days - both promote offshore transport, which is thought to have a negative impact on pelagic fish recruitment - and western Iberian sardine catch data, reveal an extensive period of significant negative correlation. The relationship over the most recent period, ~1999–2000, is unclear.

scholarly journals WIND PRESSURE RESISTANCE TEST FOR FULL SCALE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM USING HORIZONTAL TYPE LARGE AIR PRESSURE CHAMBER

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (60) ◽  
pp. 621-624
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro MAEDA ◽  
Yoshihito OZAWA ◽  
Koji TAKAMORI ◽  
Naoto TAKEHANA ◽  
Yuta ONODE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Horizontal Type ◽  
Pressure Resistance

scholarly journals Norwegian hindcast archive (NORA3) – A validation of offshore wind resources in the North Sea and Norwegian Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Marie Solbrekke ◽  
Asgeir Sorteberg ◽  
Hilde Haakenstad
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Simulated Wind

Abstract. A new high-resolution (3 km) numerical mesoscale weather simulation spanning the period 2004–2018 is validated for offshore wind power purposes for the North Sea and Norwegian Sea. The NORwegian hindcast Archive (NORA3) was created by dynamical downscaling, forced with state-of-the-art hourly atmospheric reanalysis as boundary conditions. A validation of the simulated wind climatology has been carried out to determine the ability of NORA3 to act as a tool for planning future offshore wind power installations. Special emphasis is placed on evaluating offshore wind power-related metrics and the impact of simulated wind speed deviations on the estimated wind power and the related variability. The general conclusion of the validation is that the NORA3 data is rather well suited for wind power estimates, but gives slightly conservative estimates on the offshore wind metrics. Wind speeds are typically 5 % (0.5 ms−1) lower than observed wind speeds, giving an underestimation of offshore wind power of 10 %–20 % (equivalent to an underestimation of 3 percentage point in the capacity factor), for a selected turbine type and hub height. The model is biased towards lower wind power estimates because of overestimation of the frequency of low-speed wind events (< 10 ms−1) and underestimation of high-speed wind events (> 10 ms−1). The hourly wind speed and wind power variability are slightly underestimated in NORA3. However, the number of hours with zero power production (around 12 % of the time) is fairly well captured, while the duration of each of these events is slightly overestimated, leading to 25-year return values for zero-power duration being too high for four of the six sites. The model is relatively good at capturing spatial co-variability in hourly wind power production among the sites. However, the observed decorrelation length was estimated to be 432 km, whereas the model-based length was 19 % longer.

Development of a Field Instrument to Quantify Frictional Drag of an In-Service Ship Hull

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Travis Hunsucker ◽  
Geoffrey Swain
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Frictional Drag ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Marine Fouling ◽  
Accurate Quantification

It has been shown that the presence of marine fouling, even as a light slime, will cause a detrimental effect on the powering or speed of a full-scale ship. Studies from as early as the late 19th century have attempted to quantify the increase in power or decrease in speed imposed on a ship from the presence of hull roughness. The accurate quantification is limited and often difficult and expensive to obtain. The present study aims to develop an instrument that will remove some ambiguity by directly measuring the frictional drag of a ship in situ. Results from experimental testing of a prototype in the lab are presented and used to identify the channel length, height, and accuracy limitations of a field deployable prototype.

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